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E-mail: tsb.dta@mporg.ir
Web: http://tec.mporg.ir

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1385

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1-1

2-1

9
11

1-2

1-1-2 11 ........................................................................................
2-1-2 12 ....................................................................................................
3-1-2 24 ...................................... .
4-1-2 27 ..........................................................................................................................
2-2

29

1-2-2 29 ..............................................................................
2-2-2 31 .......................................
3-2-2 31 ............................................................
4-2-2 31 .............................................
5-2-2 32 ..............................................
6-2-2 32 ..........................................................
7-2-2 33 ...............................
37

3-2

1-3-2 ) ( 37 ....................................................................................
2-3-2 37 ...................................................................
3-3-2 38 ........................................................................................................
4-3-2 40 .................................................................................................................
5-3-2 43 .................................................................................
6-3-2 44 ..........................................................................................
46

4-2
--

1-4-2 46 .........................................................................................
2-4-2 49 .............................................................................................
3-4-2 50 .........................................................................................
4-4-2 50 ....................................................................................................................
5-4-2 51 ...........................................................
:

53

1-3

55

1-1-3 55 ....................................................................................................
2-1-3 61 ......................................................................................................
3-1-3 62 .......................................................................................................
4-1-3 63 .................................................................................................................
2-3 ) (

66

1-2-3 66 ......................................................................................................................................
2-2-3 67 ......................................................................................................
3-2-3 71 .........................................................................
4-2-3 73 ........................................................................
5-2-3 75 ..........................................................................
6-2-3 76 ......................................................................................................
7-2-3 83 ......................................................................................................
3-3

85

4-3

87

1-4-3 87 ...........................................................................................................................
2-4-3 91 .....................................................................................................................
3-4-3 93 .....................................................................................................................
:

97

1-4

99

1-1-4 99 ..........................................................................................................
- -

2-4

108

1-2-4 108 ....


2-2-4 111 .....................................................
121

3-4

1-3-4 122 ........................................................


2-3-4 125 ..............................................................................................
3-3-4 127 ..........................................................................
4-4

139

1-4-4 139 ...........................................................................................................


2-4-4 140 .........................................................................................................
: )(

145

1-5

147

1-1-5 147 .......................................................................................


2-1-5 147 .........................
3-1-5 150 ...............
4-1-5 150 ......................................................
5-1-5 151 .........................................................................
6-1-5 152 .......................................................
7-1-5 152 .............................................................
2-5

153

1-2-5 153 ........................... ....


2-2-5 155 ...................................................... .
3-2-5 156 ........................................................................
4-2-5 158 ...........................................
5-2-5 159 .....................................................................
6-2-5 161 ...........................................................
162

3-5

1-3-5 162 .......................................................................................


--

2-3-5 162 ..............................................................................................


3-3-5 163 .........................................................................................................................
4-3-5 ) ( 168 ............................................
168

4-5

1-4-5 168 ............................................................................................................


2-4-5 170 .........................................................................
3-4-5 171 ................................................................................
4-4-5 173 .................................................................................
5-4-5 174 .......................................................................

177

181

--

1-2 18 .................................................
2-2 TOC 20 ..........................................................................................
3-2 26 .................................................................................................
4-2 30 ............................................ 1966 -
5-2 31 .................................................
6-2 31 .......................................
7-2 32 .............................................
8-2
) (32 ...........................................................
9-2 33 .......................................................
10-2 35 .....................................................
11-2 36 .....................................................................
1-3 )87 ................................................................................... (mg/l

--

 1-1
.


.

.


.

.



. .
 2-1
.

.
.

.
.

.
.


.
.
.

:



) ( )
( .

.

.
.

.
.


.
mg/lit .

6
DO

mg/lit .
9 mg/lit .
DO 7 mg/lit
Do 3 mg/lit .
BOD


. BOD
. BOD .
COD

5 BOD

COD

COD BOD .
TOC

.
CO TOC.

1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. Biological Oxygen Demand
3. Chemical Oxygen Demand
4. Total Organic Carbon

PH

PH .
PH . 7 .
.

.

.


.
.
.

11

 1-2
 1-1-2
1-1-1-2


.
)( .
. .
.


. .
.

. Red-Tide .

. )
(
.

.

12

2-1-1-2

.
.
. .

.
.
3-1-1-2

:
-1
-2
-3
-4 .
-5 .
.
.
 2-1-2
1-2-1-2


.
.
50 100 70

13

.
. . 1/9 40
. .

. 40 40
.
. 25
25 .
.
)(
Warm Isotherm

. .

.
Cold Isotherm.
2-2-1-2



(%99) .
.
) (%96/5 ) (%3/5
.

gr/kg

) F.Cl.Br.I
( .

14

.
:
] S = 0.03 + 1.805[cl

gr/kg

0/0035 .

.
.
3
)( ) (%0/0034-%0/0035
60 60 ) (%31-%32 .
.
20N-35N
15S-20S ) (%36-%37 .


. )(
200 34/6-34/9
. 200
.
3-2-1-2

.
1024 1030 . 4o C .

15

.

.
.

.
4-2-1-2


.
.
) ( .

EC

EC

40000-30000 .
.
5-2-1-2 PH

PH

PH

H+

OH
. HOH PH=7
7 7 .

PH

PH

. PH

16

8/4 7/5 .

.
6-2-1-2

ppm

19/4

1106 . .

Fecl3


.
7-2-1-2

.
. 2/71 gr/lit .

SO42

8-2-1-2


. 3 ppm .
9-2-1-2

422 mg/lit 8104 .


.
. .
.

17

10-2-1-2

g/lit

1/35 )( 4/5107.


.
. Mg+2 ) (%3/69 1/272
.
11-2-1-2

. 10/8 ppm
2/6106 .

.

Na+

) (%30/61 ) (%10/543

.
12-2-1-2

.
ppm

416 1/1107 .

. . k+
) (%1/10 ) (%0/380 .
.
13-2-1-2

.
0/00004 mg/lit .
.

AL2 (SO4 )3

18

14-2-1-2

.
.
)( .
3 .
. .
.

mg/lit

.
. 1-2
.
1-2
C0

(mg/lit) O2

14/6

13/1

11/9

12

10/8

16

10

20

9/2

24

8/5

28

30

7/6

19


.

SWT .
15-2-1-2

CO2 .
CO2
.
CO2 CO2

PH

PH PH
) ( CO2
.
16-2-1-2

.
.
.
.
.
17-2-1-2

20

.
.
0/95 ppm 0/5 .
) TOC 18-2-1-2 (

CO2
.

CO2

TOC

. .

TOC TOC .
.
19-2-1-2

. .
.
.
2-2 TOC

TOC N
80

50

100

150

20-2-1-2


H2S .

21

K1 = 108
K 2 = 1013

H 2S H + + H S
H S H + + S2


.
.

. ) (CH3COOH .

. HS
.


.
.
HS CH 2 CH COOH + H 2O

H 2 S + NH 3 + CH 3 C COOH
21-2-1-2

mg/lit

4/5

)( 1107.
22-2-1-2

22


.
.
23-2-1-2

. .
325000
. .
cuco3 cuoH+ .
.
. ) (%83
.
24-2-1-2

.

.
.
Fe +2 Fe +3 Ni +2 Mg +2 Mn +2 . 0/005 ppm .
25-2-1-2

.
.
.

23


. 0/59 ppm 0/17
.
26-2-1-2

CaF2

. .
27-2-1-2

.
28-2-1-2


:
. .
29-2-1-2


. 0/1-0/3 mg/lit

ppb

0/1 .

200-300 .

24

 3-1-2 .
1-3-1-2

.

.
.

. 3 5 .
2-3-1-2

.
3-3-1-2

Zn

. 100 ppm .
.

ppm

0/3

. 0/25-5 ppm
. 30 ppm .
8000
.
. 0/001 ppm .
.

25

4-3-1-2

Hgcl42

Hgcl3



. Hgs2 Hgs Hg

.
.
5-3-1-2



. .
. 0/1-2/6 ppm
0/3 ppb .
.
6-3-1-2

cro42

. 200 mg/lit.
7-3-1-2


. 450,000

26

25,000 . 0/01 27
.
. 0/1 .
3-2

0/2 Ppb

0/3 Ppb

1 ppb

14 ppm

28 ppm

30 ppm

8-3-1-2

.
. 0/01 ppm .
9-3-1-2

.
5-170 .

ppm

148/42

.
10-3-1-2

.
.
DDT

27

)(
. .
m 1 mm
. 4
24 .
11-3-1-2

.


.
.
 4-1-2
1-4-1-2 249

.
200
.
2-4-1-2



. 30 . 137

28

.
mg/lit

0/001-0/03

mg/lit

0/008

.
3-4-1-2 90

90
. 30 .
) ( .
1970
0/005 (0/0007-0/02) mg/lit .
5-4-1-2 40

40 .
11/84 mg/lit .
. . 40
. . 1/4 109 .
11/84 mg/lit.
6-4-1-2

. 228 230
232 (0/007-0/11) 10-3 mg/lit (0/22-0/500) 10-4 mg/lit
(0/004-0/29) 10-4 mg/lit .

29

 2-2
 1-2-2

:
-

PH

.
: ...
4-2
.

30

4-2 1966 -

mg/lit

mg/lit

pb

0/05

Se

0/01 g/lit

As

0/05 g/lit

Cr

0/05 g/lit

Cn

0/2 mg/lit

Cd

0/01 g/lit

Fe

0/3 mg/lit

1 mg/lit

Ba

1 mg/lit

Mn

0/1 mg/lit

0/5 mg/lit

Cu

1 mg/lit

1/5 mg/lit

Zn

5 mg/lit

15 mg/lit

Ca

75 mg/lit

200 mg/lit

Mg

50 mg/lit

150 mg/lit

SO4

200 mg/lit

400 mg/lit

Cl

200 mg/lit

600 mg/lit

PH

7-8/5

6/5 9/2

)(Na+Mg

500 mg/lit

1000 mg/lit

0/001 mg/lit

0/002 mg/lit

0/2 mg/lit

0/5 mg/lit

500

1500

50

25

)(C.C.E
-
)(A.B.S

0/5 mg/lit

1 mg/lit

31

 2-2-2


.
 3-2-2

5-2 .
5-2
5/5-8 ppm

14/3-15/5gr/lit

65 ppm

220-240 ppm

0/25-1/1 ppm

28 ppm

0/13-0/59 ppm

1024 - 1030kg/m3

8 ppm

15 -17/6 S )(EC
cm

900 ppm

4/8 ppm

7/5 -8/5 pH

1300 ppm

3 ppm

0/1 - 3/1 ppm

19000 ppm

1/3 ppm
0/8 ppm

38-39 ppm

 4-2-2

6-2 .
6-2
5/5 -8 ppm

7/5 -8/5 pH

1024- 1030 kg/m3

28 ppm

220-240 ppm

0/1 - 3/1 ppm

900 ppm

8 ppm

0/13 -0/59 ppm

38-39 ppm

1300 ppm

4/8 ppm

gr/lit

19000 ppm

3 ppm

S
15 -17/6 cm

14/3-15/5

EC

0/8 ppm

0/25 -1/1ppm

65 ppm

1/3 ppm

32

 5-2-2

COD BOD.
7-2 8-2
.
7-2
5/5-8 ppm

7/5 -8/5 pH

1024-1030 kg/m3

28 ppm

220-240

0/1 - 3/1 ppm

900 ppm

8 ppm

0/13 -0/59 ppm

38-39 ppm

1/35 ppm

4/8 ppm

19/4 ppm

3 ppm

S
cm

15-17/6

)(Ec
0/8 ppm

14/3-15/5 gr/lit
0/25-1/1ppm

1/3 ppm

65 ppm

8-2 )
(

0/5 mg/lit

1 mg/lit

0/2 mg/lit

2 mg/lit

0/2 mg/lit

0/01 mg/lit

1 mg/lit

0/2 mg/lit

0/5 Mg/lit

 6-2-2



.
. 39-40 ppm
.

33

 7-2-2


.
1-7-2-2

9-2 .
9-2

) (%110

8-18C

12-16C

) (

9-11

) (

Fe

<0/1

Fe ) (

<0/02

) NH3 (

<0/05

) NH3 (

<0/1

) NO2 (

<0/55

) NO2(

0-3

) NO3(

<50

) SO4(

<0/003

H2S

<0/2

PO4

4-160

Ca

>50

Ca ) (

0-10

CO2

34

<2

) CO2 (

<5

<5%

<10

BOD2

<20

Kmno2

<0/01

Al

10-400 As caco3

Alkalinity

50-200 As caco3

Alkalinity ) (

6/7-8/2

PH

<80 mg/lit

T.D.S

<0/05

As

Ba

0/03

Cr

<10-400

<0/005

HCn

<0/02

Pb

<15

Mg

<0/01

Mn

<0/2

Hg

<0/1

Ni

<0/003

Ag

75

Na

<1

S2-

<400

T.D.S.

<100

) T.D.S (

<80

TSS

<0/1

<0/1

35

<0/05

Zn

<0/01

0/3

Cu

0/006

Cu

) < (%100

0/005

Cd <100 ppm

0/03

Cl

0/005

2-7-2-2

10-2 .
10-2

30

10 mg/lit

0 mg/lit

PH = 7

1/8-3/5 mg/lit

5-8 mg/lit

1 mg/lit

30 mg/lit

1/5 mg/lit

1 mg/lit

0/2 mg/lit

2 mg/lit

0/5 mg/lit

36

0/1-1 mg/lit

25 mg/lit

25 mg/lit

3-7-2-2

11-2 .
11-2

27-31

25-33

PH

8-8/5

7/5-8/9

5 Mg/lit

>4

31-37 ppt

28 -40

<0/005 mg/lit

<0/15

Ppb

<0/001

Fe+++

<1 mg/lit

Mg

Mn

<0/005 mg/lit

0/005 -0/2 mg/lit

H2S

0/33 mg/lit

0/1-0/35

Hg

<0/002 mg/lit

Zn

<0/1 mg/lit

<0/25 mg/lit

-N NO2

<0/02 mg/lit

0/02-0/1 mg/lit
<200 mg/lit

NO3 -N
NH4

<0/1 mg/lit

0/1-0/5 mg/lit

37

 3-2
 1-3-2 ) (
1-1-3-2

)
( .
2-1-3-2

)
( .
3-1-3-2


.
4-1-3-2


. .
 2-3-2

38

1-2-3-2

)
CODBODDOpH (...
.
2-2-3-2 )(

)
a (... .
3-2-3-2


.
 3-3-2
1-3-3-2


.

.

.

39

2-3-3-2

PTFE

PVC

PTFE.
3-3-3-2 ) (


. .
.

.
4-3-3-2


.
.

40

 4-3-2
1-4-3-2



.


.

.

.
:
.

.
.

ppt

)
( .
: 3 .

41


.

. ) ( .
) (
. .
:
.
.
.
.
2-4-3-2


. .

.
) (...
.
1-2-4-3-2

42

.
.

.

.

.
: .
.
.
.
2-2-4-3-2


.

.
3-2-4-3-2


.
.

43


.
3-4-3-2

.


. )(
.
.

.
.

. .


.
 5-3-2


.
.

44

24 . 4 .

.
 6-3-2


. :
) PH (
.
.

45

................:.......................:
............:
......:
........:
..................:

:
...........:
........
..........
....................

...............:....................:
..........:
.......................:
)(


( ) oC

.................:
...................................:
................:


) (

46

 4-2
.
.
) (...
.
.
.
 1-4-2
1-1-4-2


2
.

.
. : 3 4 .5

1. Trawl
2. Epifauna
3. Beam Trawl
4. Agassiz or Blake Trawl
5. Otter Trawls

47

2-1-4-2 1


.
.
3-1-4-2



. .
4-1-4-2


.
4
.

1. Sledges
2. Dredges
3. Grabs
4. Infuna

48

12
3 4 5 6 7 - 8 .
5-1-4-2

10

. 2030 45
750 .
.
11
.
12

6-1-4-2

1. Van Veen
2. Ekman
3. Petersen
4. Campbell
5. Okean
6. Ponar
7. Hunter
8. Smith Mcintyre
9. Box Samplers
10. Reineck
11. Macro Fauna
12. Suction Samplers

49

1 .
7-1-4-2

3
)
( . .

.
 2-4-2


.
:
)
(
.
)
(
 3-4-2


.
1. Knudsen
2. Corers
3. Intertidal Areas

50

.
)
... (
.
 4-4-2

)( 1
. ) (%10 ) (%4

.
3
4 .
. . ) (%70 )(%5
.

.
 5-4-2

:
1. Formalin
2. Formaldehyde
3. Borax
4. Hexamine

) (... -

51

55


.
 1-3
 1-1-3
1-1-1-3
1-1-1-1-3

NO2


.
NO3
. .

.
.

.
2-1-1-1-3


. .

56

) (
)
( .
.


.
3-1-1-1-3

) (
.
2-1-1-3
1-2-1-1-3

.
.
.

.
.

. .
.

57


.


.
2-2-1-1-3



. .
.
PCB DDT .
)(PCB

PCB

. PCB
.
. PCB
.

.
DDTDDT

58


.


.
.

DDT

.
.
. DDT
10 ppb .
DDT
.

DDT


. .


:
1 :2
.
:1 .
1. Aldrin
2. Dieldrin

59

:2HCB . :3 .
) ( .
:4 . 3-2-1-1-3

.
6
7 .
4-2-1-1-3


.
8 .
) (
.

1. Chlordane
2. Hexa Chloro Benzene
3. Hepta Chlor
4. Methoxychlor
5. Benzenes
6. Styrene
7. Cyclohexene
8. Biocide

60

5-2-1-1-3


.

.
2 3
.
4 .

.
.
5 5 100
.

.
5.

1. Detergents
2. Surface Active Agent
3. Surfactant
4. Linear Alkyl Sulfanate
5. eutrophication

61

 2-1-3
1-2-1-3

.
) (
. .
10 15
.
.
.
.
2-2-1-3

) (
.
) (%0/1 .

.
3-2-1-3


.
.
.

62

46 .
.
4-2-1-3

.

.

.

.
 3-1-3
1-3-1-3

.
)

( .
.
.

.

63

2-3-1-3


.
.

.
 4-1-3
1-4-1-3

.

.
2-4-1-3

) (...
.
3-4-1-3
1-3-4-1-3

64

2-3-4-1-3


)
( .
3-3-4-1-3


... .
4-4-1-3
1-4-4-1-3



.
2-4-4-1-3


.
.

10 100 ) ( .

.

65

3-4-4-1-3


.

.

.
5-4-1-3


.
.
400
. 5
3
.
 2-3 ) (
 1-2-3


.

.

66




.



)
(... ) PCBs

(... ) (...

)(






.



67



.


COD BOD
PH


.
 2-2-3



.



.
1-2-2-3

68

2-2-2-3


. .

.
.
.
3-2-2-3

-
-

.
4-2-2-3

.


.
5-2-2-3

.

)
( DNA .

69

6-2-2-3

) (
...


) (%100
.
7-2-2-3

.


.
8-2-2-3



. ...
.


.
...

.

70


.


.
9-2-2-3








.
 3-2-3






.
.

71

1-3-2-3


)
( .


BOD .
183
(%50) ) (%70
.
2-3-2-3

... .

.

. .

) 2/04 2/7 (.

BOD

) (%97/5 .
30oC

72

3-3-2-3


) .(...
10 20 120 320

.
4-3-2-3

.
. ) (
18H2O Al2(SO4)3 7H2O FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3
FeCl3 .


PH .
5-3-2-3


.

.


.

73

6-3-2-3

)
( U.V.
. - -
.
 4-2-3
1-4-2-3

Zeolite


.
700 mg/lit
.
.
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)( .


.
.

74


.
-
pH
.
3-4-2-3

pH

pH .

pH .
:
) (CaCO3 + H 2 SO4 CaSO4 + H 2CO3 .

.
CO2
.
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.
CO2 + H 2O H 2CO3
H 2CO3 + 2 NaOH Na2CO3 + 2 H 2O

H 2CO3 + Na2CO3 2NaHCO3

75

CO2
.
.


7H2O

18H2O

Al2(SO4)3

FeSo4 Fe2(So4)3

pH

.
 5-2-3


.
10 :

Fe, Mn, Si, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, B,

Va,Cl 9 Ca, Mg, K, S, P, N, C, H, O .


.
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.

.

.
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2. Scenedemus

76


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.
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.
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77


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.
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:
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:
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.
.

.

78

.
.

.
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.

.
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.
.

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.


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79

3-2-6-2-3



.
3-6-2-3
1-3-6-2-3

pH
pH 6/5 8/5
.
2-3-6-2-3

CaSO4

CaCO3

Na2CO3

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.
3-3-6-2-3


.
4-3-6-2-3

80


.
3:
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: -3
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.
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.
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. :
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81

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.
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.

15 30

. .
10
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.
)(

.
.

82

2-4-6-2-3


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83

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84




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85

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86


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87

 4-3

.
 1-4-3


.
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.

.
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0/1

0/1
5

Ag

Al

As

0/1

0/1

0/1

Br

Be

0/1

0/5

Ca

75

Cd

0/1

0/1

0/50

Cl

0/2

88

) 600 (

600
1

10

Cl

) 600 (

11

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12

C6H5OH

13

CN

0/5

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14

Co

0/1

0/50

15

Cr6+

0/5

16

Cr3+

17

Cu

0/2

18

2/5

19

Fe

20

Hg

21

Li

2/5

2/5

2/5

22

Mg

100

100

100

23

Mn

24

Mo

0/10

0/10

0/10

25

Ni

26

HN4

2/5

27

NO2

10

10

28

NO3

50

10

29

30

Pb

31

Se

0/1

0/1

32

SH2

33

So3-

34

So4-

) 400 (

) 400 (

500

35

0/1

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89

2
10

36

Zn

37

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10

38

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39

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100

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200

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42

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43

) 40 (60

100

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44

SS

45

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5 -9

6 -8/5

46

47

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50

50

48

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75

75

75

49

50

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400

400

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51

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1000

1000

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90


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92


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4 .
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.

.
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93


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215 mm
183 mm

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.




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.

100


.
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26o39

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29 o17

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.
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101


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102


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. .
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:
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km2

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714 ) (%9/7

5580 km2 ) (%76 .


.
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) (%66/8

km

385 ) (%33

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191

.
.
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.
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.

103

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200 .
.
-6 6 50056
48051

2908

300 .


.
.

.
-
.
.
4-1-1-4

UNEP 13

. 13
.
.
1357

.

104

18 3
6
.


.

.
. 1990
. 1992


6 )
( . 1373

.


.
.
.

.

105

.

.
:

.

.

.
5-1-1-4


.
6-1-1-4


.
7-1-1-4

106




. .
8-1-1-4


.
.
.

.
.

3 .
.
.

.
.
.
. .

PH .

107

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.
.

. ) (%88
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.
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.
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108

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 1-2-4



.
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.

.

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109


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110

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.


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.

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.
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111

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112

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113


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114

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115


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116




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117


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118

.
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.

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.
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.
.

.
.

119

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120

.
.
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1-6-2-2-4


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.
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.


.


.
.

121

.

.

.
.

.
.


.
.
 3-4


.
.
.
.

122

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.

123

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.
PH .
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.
. PH
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.
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2-1-3-4
1-2-1-3-4


.
.
.
.
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124

.
.

. .

.
.
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.

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.

.

125

.
.
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.
 2-3-4

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127


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.
.

.
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 3-3-4
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128

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.

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129


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.
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ppt .

.
3-2-3-3-4


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) (1:500
. ppt
200 ppt . 200 ppt

130

.
.
.
4-2-3-3-4

.

.
.
.
3-3-3-4
1-3-3-3-4



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131

.

2-3 ppm 25
45 .
2 ppm .

.

.


.

. 10

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.
.

.

132

4-3-3-4
1-4-3-3-4



.

.
.
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.


.

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133


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Poly_Chlorinated_Biphenyls (PCBs) DDT, Dieldrin


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136

.
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.


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137

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.
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138

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. 1-2
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.
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139

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140

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-9 ) (...
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-12
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-14 )
(
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 2-4-4


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-1 :


-2
1-2
2-2
3-2
4-2
5-2

141

6-2
7-2 ) (...

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9-2 ) (
10-2

:
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(
2-10-2
3-10-2
4-10-2 ) (...

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...
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:
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)
(...

142

-6
:
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2-6
1-2-6
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3-2-6 ) (

4-2-6 ) (
5-2-6 )


6-2-6
7-2-6 ) (
3-6 ) (
4-6 )
(
5-6
7


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4-7

143

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)(

)(

147


.
 1-5

.
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.
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:

148

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.
:



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149

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30
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152


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153

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 2-5
 1-2-5
.
1-1-2-5

:
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-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8 .

154

-9

PCBs

PCTs PBBs

-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
.
-15 .
-16
-17
2-1-2-5

:
-1
-2
-3 6
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

)(

-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18 ) (
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
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-27 ) 25 24 23 21 (26
-28

TBT

 2-2-5 .

:
-

155

156

.
 3-2-5


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) (

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.

60/5oC 65/6oC
) .(...
.


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)(

157

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4/2
.
H4-3 :


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.
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9 .
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9 .
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.
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) ( . 9 .

158

 4-2-5
1-4-2-5


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(
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(
-5 )
(
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-7
-8
.
-9
. : )
(
-10
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-13

)(

159

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-15
2-4-2-5


.
.
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-2
-3 .
-4
-5
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-7 .
-8
-9 .
-10 .
-11 10 14
12 1 11
13
 5-2-5

160

-1
-2
-3
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-5 ) (.
-6
-7
-8
-9
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) (
-11 ) (
-12
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-14 ) (
-15
-16 .
-17
H
-18
.
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)(

161

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) (

.
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 6-2-5


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-1
-2
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-4
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.
-7 ) (
.
-8 )
H (
-9
MSD .
-10
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162

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-13
-14


.
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 1-3-5


.


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:
: .
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163

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.
:

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.
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.


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164

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165


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168

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169

3-1-4-5


.
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.
5-1-4-5


) ( :
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Ce

= Cf

= Cf

= Ctc

= Ce

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:
Cx
Cx1


= Tf

= Cx

= Tf

170

= Cx-1

7-1-4-5

.

.
 2-4-5
1-2-4-5

:
.
.
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.

.
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171

.

.
 3-4-5


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.

.
2-3-4-5


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.
3-3-4-5

172



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)
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.
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PH .
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.
8-3-4-5

.
.

)(

173

9-3-4-5


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 4-4-5


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.
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.
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174

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.

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175


.


.

179

-1 ) - (1355 -

-2 ) - (1362 -
-3 ) - (1368 -
-4 ) - (1377 -
- 24
-5 ) - (1376
- - -
-6 ) - (1376 -
- -
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-8. . - 1372 ) (
-9 - 1368
-10 - 1379

-11 . - 1381
-12 . - 1371 - -


1- Anon. (1992) Water quality - Sam- Part 9: Guideline on sampling from marine
waters. First edition, International Standard, ISO 5667, 8pp

180

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second edition, Blackwell Seientific Publication, 387pp.
3- Rumohr, H.(1990), Techniques in marine environmental seiences, No.8. Soft
bottom macrofaura: Institute fur Meereskunde an der Universitat Kiel, 18pp.
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Publishers.
5- Clark, R.B. (2001). Marine pollution. Fifth EditionOxford Univ. Press
6- Abel, P.D.(1996). Water Pollution biology. Second edition. Taylor & Francis
Ltd.
7- Chapman, D. (1992). Water quality assessments. A guide to the use of biota,
sediments and water in envionmental monitoring. Chapman & Hall.
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condition of marine enveironment. Reports and studies No. 55.
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researeh. Part 10 - Shart - term static bioassays. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
No. 247.
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Monitoring.
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Inc.
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Oecologia, 73, 91 98.
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invertebrates with special emphasis on acid coditions. Dept. of Ecotoxicolgy,
Lund Univ., Sweden.
14- Herrmam, J. (1991). Physiological, foodchain and ecological effects among
benthic invertebrates exposed to low pH and associated metal concentrations.
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Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.

183

..........................................

Active Biomonitoring ............

Acute...........................................................

Detergents...................................................

Artificial Streams or Flow - Through


Tests ....................................

Attributes of Indicator Variables


...................................

Grading ...........................................................
Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Ballast Water................................

Heavy Metals .....................................

Bioaccumulation ..............

Bioaccumulation Bioconcentration
.................................................

Impaired Osmoregulatery Ability

Bioamplification Biomagnification

Impaired Sensory Ability ................

............................................
Bioavailability..............

Indicators of Exposure and Effect


..........................

Bioconcentratioon Factor

Intertidal Areas .................

Bioconcentrators Bioaccumulators

.......................................
Bioindicators ......................
Biomagnification .................
Biomonitoring ..........................
Biopurification .......................
Biotransference Fac..........

C
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
........................................
Chronically........................................
Closed - Pipe Devices

.................................
Composite Sampling ............

...................................................

Land-based Sources ....


Linear Alkyl Sulfanate
...................................

M
Marine Dumping..........

N
Non- point Sources .............

O
Offshore Industries ...........
Open Samplers and Surface Samplers

.......................

P
Particulates...................................

184

Passive Biomonitoring..
Pathogens...........................
Peristaltic Pumps
Petroleum Hydrocarbons .
Physiological Indices ...
Point Sources ...........................

R
Radioactive Wastes ......................
Reproduetive Cycle ..................
Response Indicators ...........

S
Spot Sampling .......................
Sampling Equipment ..
Sea- based Sources .....
Semi - Static or Renewal Tests
........................................
Significant.......................................
Solid Wastes ...........................
Suction Samplers ...........
Surface Active Agent....................
Surface Profile Sampling
.............................

T
Thermal Pollution ............................
Trophiclevel..............................

U
Upwellings....................................




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http://tec.mporg.ir

Islamic Republic of Iran

Ports and Marine Structures


Design Manual
(Environmental Considerations Pertaining of Ports)

No: 300-10

Management and Planning Organization


Office of the Deputy for Technical Affairs
Technical, Criteria Codification and
Earthquake Risk Reduction Affairs Bureau

Ministry of Roads and Transportation


Deputy of Education, Research
and Technology
Transportation Research Institute

2006



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