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OF INTEGRATION AND
SPECIAL INTEGRALS
f x
'
f ' x
f x
dx
n 1
n 1
f x dx log f x c
e
f ' x
f x
f x
dx 2 f x c
f x
f ' x dx e
f x
a f x
f x dx
c
log e a
'
e f x f x dx e f x c
x
'
'
x2 1
x2 1
x2
1
, 4
, 4
, 4
4
2
2
2
x kx 1 x kx 1 x kx 1 x kx 2 1
x( x n 1)
bx
c
ax 2 bx c
ax 2 bx c
1
1
1
1
Forms
,
,
,
2
2
2
(ax b) cx d (ax bx c ) px q ( px q ) ax bx c (ax b) cx 2 d
5. Integration of trigonometric functions
Forms sin n x, cos n x, tan n x, cot n x,sec n x, cos ec n x
Multiple Angle Method: If the square or cube or fourth power of a sine or
cosine occurs in the integrand, it is generally useful to express the square (or
cube or fourth power) of sine or cosine in a series of sines or cosines of
multiple angles (by using the 2A or 3A formulas of trigonometry)
Forms
1
1
1
1
,
,
,
2
2
2
2
a b cos x a b sin x a sinx b cosx a cos x b sin x cos x c sin 2 x
1
a sinx b cosx
1
1
1
,
,
Form
a b cosx a b sinx a sinx b cosx c
p sinx q cosx
Form
a sinx b cosx
1
1
,
Form
cos 2 x cos 2 sin 2 x sin 2
Form