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Ipoteze de incarcare
In calculul sarpantei se ia in considerare posibilitatea de actionare
simultana a mai multor tipuri de incarcari grupate in functie de
posibilitatea de aparitie concomitent urmand a se stabili cea mai
deformabila situatie pentru elementul respectiv.
Ipoteza I
Incarcari permanente + zapada
Ipoteza II
Incarcari permanente + Vant + zapada
Ipoteza III
Incarcari permanente(uniform distribuite) , Utile concentrate
100
Iuc= daN
= 30
35 cm
q sipca
=I pc1,35+bh lemn1,35
p
lemn=600 daN /m 3
sipca
daN / m
14,2 daN
m2
sipca
q vant =W ec1,05=5,22
daN
m
daN /m2
q sipca
=Sc1,5cos =80,02 daN / m
S
sipca
q sipca
Sx
= q S cos =69,3 daN /m
sipca
q Sy
sipca
= 90,93 daN
sipca
sipca
quc
. x =quc cos
sipca
sipca
quc
. y =quc sin =52,5 daN
Ipoteza I
sipca
sipca
2
q1sipca
x =q px +q Sx =3,22+ 69,3=72,52 daN / m
sipca
sipca
2
q1sipca
y =q py +q Sy =1,86+40,01=41,87 daN /m
Ipoteza II
sipca
sipca
q sipca
+
2 x =q px +q w
sipca
2y
=q
sipca
py
+q
sipca
w
q sipca
Sx 1
=3,22+5,22+69,30,5=43,09 daN /m2
2
q sipca
Sy 1
2
+
=1,86+5,22+40,010,5=27,085 daN /m
2
Ipoteza III
sipca
q3sipca
x =q px
sipca
q3sipca
y =q py
sipca
Psipca
3 x =q uc. x
2
q3sipca
x =3,22daN /m
sipca
Psipca
3 y =q uc. y
Psipca
3 x =90,93 daN
2
q3sipca
y =1,86 daN /m
Psipca
3 y =52,5 daN
sipca
1x
q d 1
= 1x
=4.42daNmMxmax
8
sipca
2
qsipca
1 y d 1
=2.56 daNmMymax
8
M1y =
Ipoteza II
M sipca
2x =
2
qsipca
2 x d 1
=2.63 daNm
8
M sipca
2y =
2
qsipca
2 y d 1
=1.66 daNm
8
sipca
sipca
sipca
M rx =RincW xmTincov mL
M ry =RincW ymTincov mL
Rcinc=
muimdiRi
N
, Ri =16.8
, i =1.1
i
mm2
mui =1
mdi =mdi =
mdi =
sipca
q sipca
m di( scurta durata)
p mdi ( permanenta)+q S
podina
q p + I uc
0.553.72+0.6580.02
=0.645
3.72+80.02
3
W x =W y =
Rcinc=
h
=18.432103 mm3
6
10.64516.8
N
=9.86
2
1.1
mm
sipca
3
M sipca
rx =M ry =9.8618.43210 0.91=16.4 daNm
4.42 2.56
+
=0.426 1, A , se verifica .
16.4 16.4
Verificarea la incovoiere pentru rigiditate static (sageata )
f max. final f admis
f admis=
l
=6.67 mm
150
sipca
P
f sipca
py =f py .inst( 1+ K )
f sipca
px .inst =
4
5qsipca
px d1
, :1.35
384EI y
bh3 484
I y=
=
=442.368103 mm 4
12
12
sipca
px .inst
53.220.7 4
=
=0.0206 mm:1.35=0.0152 mm
38411000105442.368109
sipca
f sipca
py =0.008852( 1+0.8 ) =0.01593 mm
f wx =0
sipca
P
f sipca
wy =f wy .inst( 1+ K )=0.03194 mm
f sipca
wx .inst =0
sipca
f wy .inst =0.03194 mm
Sageata din incarcarea din zapada aferenta unei sipci
sipca
S
f sipca
Sx =f Sx.inst( 1+ K ) =0.2968 (1+0.45 ) =0.430 mm
sipca
S
f sipca
Sy =f Sy.inst( 1+ K ) =0.171( 1+0.45 ) =0.248 mm
sipca
f Sx. inst=0.2968 mm
f sipca
Sy. inst = 0.171 mm
In ipoteza I
sipca
f 1 = f sipca
1 x + f 1 y =0.528 mm
sipca
sipca
f 1sipca
x =f px +f Sx =0.02746+0.430=0.4578 mm
sipca
sipca
sipca
f 1 y =f py +f Sy =0.01593 + 0.248
= 0.2639 mm
In ipoteza II
sipca
f 2= f 2sipca
x +f 2 y =0.5149mm
sipca
sipca 1
sipca
f sipca
2 x =f px +f wx + f Sx =0.02746+0+ 0.50.430=0.242 mm
2
sipca
sipca 1
sipca
f sipca
2 y =f py +f wy + f Sy =0.01593+0.133+0.50.248=0.2729 mm
2
( f 1 , f 2)
f max=max
f max=f 1=0.5149 mm
3.93 daN/mp
I p . termoizolatie=23
daN
(folie anticondens)
mp
daN
mp
I p . rigips =9 daN
I caprior
=6.81+3.93+ 0.2+ 23+ 9=43.14
P
q caprior=0.080.2600=9.6
daN
mp
daN
m
q caprior
=I caprior
d1.35+1.35cos =41.9
p
P
daN
mp
qW
=Wd1.05=14.20.71.05=9.94
daN
mp
q caprior
=S1.5dcos 2 =138.6
S
daN
mp
I uu=100 daN
caprior
2
caprior
p
=q
caprior
w
+q
q caprior
1
+ S
=41.9+9.94 +138.60.5=121.14 daN /mp
2
q3caprior=qcaprior
p
Pcaprior
=qcaprior
3
u
Pcaprior
=90,93 daN
3
Calculul eforturilor
Ipoteza I
M
caprior
1
q caprior
l 2
1
=
=301.41 daNm
8
Ipoteza II
M
caprior
2
q caprior
l 2
2
=
=202.29 daN m
8
Ipoteza III
daN
mp
M caprior
=
3
q caprior
l 2 P3capriorl 2
3
+
=373.65 daNm
8
4
M caprior
=R cincW xm Tincov mL
r
muimdiRi
N
, Ri =16.8
, i =1.1
i
mm2
Rcinc=
mui =1
qcaprior
mdi ( permanenta )+ qcaprior
mdi( scurta dur .)+ 0.5q capri
mdi (lungadurata)
p
W
S
mdi =
caprior
caprior
caprior
qp
+ qW + 0.5qS
2
W x =W y =
mdi =
200 80
=533.33310 3 mm 3
6
49.140.55+9.941+0.5138.60.65
=0.639
49.14+ 9.94+138.60.5
10.63916.8
N
=9.76
2
1.1
mm
Rcinc=
caprior
Mr
l
3.655
=
=18.275 mm
200 200
caprior
p. inst
5qcaprior
l 4c
px
=
,:1.35
384EI y
I y=
bh3 802003
=
=53.333106 mm4 =53.333106 m4
12
12
f caprior
p. inst =
549.143.6554
=1.44 mm
3841100010553.333106
f caprior
=1.44( 1+0.8 )=2.59 mm
p
Sageata din incarcarea din vant aferenta unui caprior
P
f caprior
=f caprior
w
w .inst ( 1+ K )=0.375 mm
caprior
f w .i nst =0.375 mm
f caprior
S .inst =3.66 mm
caprior
u . inst
q caprior
l 3
u
=
:1.05
48EI y
caprior
f u . inst = 1.50 mm
Ipoteza I
capri=
f 1 =f caprior
+f S 7.8968 mm
p
f 2=f caprior
+f caprior
+0.5f caprior
= 5.618 mm
p
w
S
f 3 =f caprior
+f caprior
= 4.09 mm
p
u
Panele sunt grinzi din lemn dispuse in lungul cladirii incarcate cu reactiuni din
capriori care fiind dispusi la distante mici produc o incarcare uniform distribuita .
In calculul panele se considera simplu rezemate pe popi.Imbinarile de prelungire a
panelor se fac cap la cap in dreptul reazemelor sau prin chertare.Distanteke intre pane
in sens transversal cladirii se recomanda sa fie intre 2-3.5 m.Distantele intre popi in
sens longitudinal cladirii se noteaza cu t si este deschiderea panei si se recomanda
intre 3-5m.
Panele pot fi orizontale (de coama sau intermediare) sau inclinate (la coame
inclinate sau dolii).Grinzi de lemn 150x200 mm cu deschiderea intre ax pe transversal
pe 3.65m .(egala cu lungimea capriorului).
t=4.65 m, dar el nu se verifica ,apoi am lucrat cu contravantuiri dar nici asa nu se
verifica, si am optat pe distanta de 4.65 m sa pun 3 popi astfel t devenind 2.35 m. am
mai pus un pop la mijlocul distantei .
pana
l c =2.35 m
Incarcare permanenta aferenta unei pane
I p =
3.93 daN/mp
q pana =0.150.2600=18
pana
pana
pana
daN
m
caprior
q py =I P l c 1.35+q p
1.35+ q pana1.35=93.956
daN
mp
qWpana =
W l c
1.051
daN
=14.23.651.05cos 30=62.92
cos
mp
pana
qWx
=q Wpanal caprior
1.05cos =62.923.651.05cos 30=31.46
c
daN
mp
pana
qWy
=q Wpanal caprior
1.05sin =62.923.651.05sin 30=54.49
c
daN
mp
daN
mp
I uu=100 daN
pana
quy
=I uu1.05=105 daN
pana
pana
pana
pana
2x
=q
pana
px
+q
pana
wx
q pana
1
+ Sx
=31.46 daN /mp
2
pana
2y
=q
pana
py
+q
pana
wy
q pana
Sy 1
+
=630.91 daN /mp
2
q1 y =q py +q Sy =1058.87
pana
q3pana
x =q px
q3pana
x =0 daN /mp
pana
q3pana
y =q py
q3pana
y =93.95 daN /mp
pana
pana
pana
P3 x =qux
P3 x =0 daN
pana
P3pana
y =quy
P3pana
y =105 daN
Calculul eforturilor
Ipoteza I
2
pana
q 1pana
pana
x l c
M 1x =
=0 daNm
8
pana
q 1pana
y l c
=
=730.95 daNm
8
pana
1y
Ipoteza II
2
pana
q 2pana
pana
x l c
M 2x =
=21.719 daNm
8
pana
q 2pana
y l c
=
=435.526 daNm
8
pana
2y
Ipoteza III
2
pana
3x
pana
q 3pana
Pcaprior
l cpana
pana
y l c
3y
M3y =
+
=209.82 daNm
8
4
muimdiRi
N
, Ri =16.8
, i =1.1
2
i
mm
mui =1
pana
pana
pana
W x =W y =
mdi =
2002150
=1000103 mm3
6
93.9560.55+ 62.921+0.5964.920.65
=0.6697
93.956+62.92+964.920.5
Rcinc=
10.669716.8
N
=10.228
2
1.1
mm
M rpana=10.22810001030.91=920.60 daNm
Mmax=max(M1,M2,M3)=M3=Mmax<Mr730.95<920.60 Adevarat, Se verifica.!
l
2.35
=
=11.75 mm
200 200
pana
p. inst
I y=
pana
5q pana
p l c
=
, :1.35
384EI y
bh3 1502003
=
=100106 mm4=100106 m4
12
12
pana
f p. inst =
593.9562.354
=0.251 mm
5
6
3841100010 10010
pana
f p =0.251( 1+0.8 )=0.452mm
pana
P
f caprior
=f wy
wy
. inst( 1+ K ) =0.187 mm
pana
wx . y .inst
pana
pana
5qwx
. yl c
=
, :1.05
384EI y
pana
f wx
.inst =0.1081 mm
pana
f wy
.inst =0.187 mm
pana
S .inst
5qspanal cpana
=
,:1.5
384EI y
f Spana
.inst =2.32 mm
K =0
U
f upana=f upana
.inst( 1+ K ) =0.2457 mm
pana
u . inst
q panal cpana
= u
:1.05
48EI y
pana
f u . inst = 0.2457 mm
Ipoteza I
pana
pana
f 1 x =f px +f Sx = 3.819 mm
pana
f 1 y =f pana
py + f Sy = 3.819 mm
pana
pana
f 2 x =f pana
px + f wx +0.5f Sx = 0.1081 mm
pana
pana
pana
f 2 y =f py + f wy + 0.5f Sy = 2.32 mm
pana
f 3 x =f pana
px + f ux = 0.698 mm
pana
f 3 y =f pana
py +f uy = 0.698 mm
2
2
( 1 x +f 1 y )
f 1=
=5.40 mm
2
2
( 2 x +f 2 y )
f 2 =
=2.32
2
2
( 3 x + f 3 y )
f 3 =
=0.987 mm
Popii sunt realizati din lemn rotund mai rar din lemn ecarisat asezati verticali
sau inclinati.Popii preiau incarcarile de la pane si le transmit de regula zidurilor
portante sau de la planseu in acest caz rezemarea lor se face prin intermediul unor
grinzi din lemn denumite talpi care are rolul de a repartiza incarcari concentrate
transmise de popi si contrafise.Popii se leaga intre ei cu clesti executati din lemn
ecarisat (dulap) sau din lemn semirotund iar in planul capriorilor se prevad
contravantuiri se recomanda distant intre popi intre 3 si 5 m.La popii inclinati unghiul
optim este intre 30 si 60 .Incarcarea maxima pe pop este cea mai mare din
reactiunile verticale stabilite din primele doua ipoteze de incarcare.
Am ales sectiunea popului de 10x10 cm,sectiune patrata ,iar
,dimensiuni cep 3x3 cm.
Incarcari permanente fiecarui pop
pop
pana
N p =q p t + A sect * h pop * lemn *1.35
N pop
p =93.952.35+0.012.516001.35=241.13 daN
Incarcarea din vant aferenta unui pop
h pop =2.51 m
N wpop =
W
l capriort1.05
cos c
N wpop =
14.2
3.6552.351.05=147.88 daN
0.866
pop
N max
=max ( N 1pop , N 2pop ) =N 1pop =2508.69 daN
pop
N max
Cr
pop
pop
mucmdcRc
=8.22 N / mm2
c
coeficient de flambaj
75 , =
3100
2
lf
;
<75
,
=10.8(
) ; = ;
2
100
i
i=0.25diametru ( daca stalpul este rotund ) ; i=0.289latura mare ( daca stalpul are sect )
lf
= =43.42<75
i
2
=10.8
=0.849
100
( )
Se verifica
8.2291000.90.849
=5719.21 daN
10
pop
N max
Cr ,Adevarat.
Rcc . perpendicular =
Rc =3 N /mm
2.05691000.91.6
=2694.13 daN
10
mucm dcR c
=2.057 N /mm2
c
Se verifica
pop
N max
QR , Adevarat .