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CROSS STAFF
Open cross staff
French cross staff
Adjustable cross staff
Contd . . .
OPTICAL SQUARE
OBSTACLES IN CHAINING
Various obstacles may be classed as,
CHANING FREE VISION OBSTRUCTED
CHAINING OBSTRUCTED VISION FREE
CHAINING AND VISION BOTH OBTRUCTED
CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS
TO PLOT A CHAIN SURVEY
TRAVERSE
Traverse means to cover a distance or to pass
through a line.
May be classed as
CLOSED TRAVERSE
UNCLOSED / OPEN TRAVERSE
CLOSED TRAVERSE
A traverse is said to be closed
when a complete circuit is made
when it returns to the starting point forming a closed
polygon (Fig.1)
when it begins and ends at points whose positions on plan
are known (Fig.2)
The work may be checked and "balanced.
Suitable for locating the boundaries of lakes, woods, etc.
And for the survey of moderately large areas.
Fig.2
Fig.1
Fig.3
METHODS OF TRAVERSING
The chief methods by which the direction of the survey lines may
be determined are as follows :
ANY QUERIES
thank you . . . !