Piping Codes & Standards

Piping codes and piping standards

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The integrity of a piping system depends on the considerations and principles used in
design, construction and maintenance of the system. Piping systems are made of
components as pipes, flanges, supports, gaskets, bolts, valves, strainers, flexible and
expansion joints. The components can be made in a variety of materials, in different
types and sizes and may be manufactured to common national standards or according
a manufacturers proprietary item. Some companies even publish their own internal
piping standards based upon national and industry sector standards.
Piping codes and standards from standardization organizations as

ANSI

ASME-

ASTM

ISO

DIN

American National Standards Institute - ANSI

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ISO - the International Organization for Standardization
DIN - Deutsches Institut fr Normung, the German Institute for Standardization

and others, are the most common used.

The difference between piping codes and piping standards can be summarized:

Piping Codes
Piping codes defines the requirements of design, fabrication, use of materials, tests
and inspection of pipes and piping systems.
A code has a limited jurisdiction defined by the code.

Piping Standards
Piping standards define application design and construction rules and requirements for
piping components as flanges, elbows, tees, valves etc.
A standard has a limited scope defined by the standard.

ASTM

Steel Pipes

A53 - A53/A53M-99b - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, ZincCoated, Welded and Seamless

A74 - A74-98 - Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

A106 - A106-99e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature
Service

A126 - A126-95e1 - Specification for Grey Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe
Fittings

A134 - A134-96 - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS
16 and Over)

A135 - A135-97c - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe

A139 - A139-96e1 - Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4

and Over)

A182 - A182/A182M-99 - Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges,

Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

A252 - A252-98 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles

A312 - A312/A312M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless

Steel Pipes

A333 - A333/A333M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for LowTemperature Service

A335 - A335/A335M-99 - Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for HighTemperature Service

A338 - A338-84 (1998) - Specification for Malleable Iron Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and
Valve Parts for Railroad, Marine, and Other Heavy Duty Service at Temperatures Up to
650 F (345 C)

A358 - A358/A358M-98 - Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic

Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

A369 - A369/A369M-92 - Specification for Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and
Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Service

A376 - A376/A376M-98 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for HighTemperature Central-Station Service

A377 - A377-99 - Index of Specifications for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe

A409 - A409/A409M-95ae1 - Specification for Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel

Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service

A426 - A426-92 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for
High-Temperature Service

A451 - A451-93 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for
High-Temperature Service

A523 - A523-96 - Specification for Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded

Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits

A524 - A524-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and
Lower Temperatures

A530 - A530/A530M-99 - Specification for General Requirements for Specialized

Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe

A648 - A648-95e1 - Specification for Steel Wire, Hard Drawn for Pre-stressing Concrete
Pipe

A674 - A674-95 - Practice for Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Pipe for Water
or Other Liquids

A691 - A691-98 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded
for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures

A694 - A694/A694M-00 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe
Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service

A716 - A716-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe

A733 - A733-99 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples

A742 - A742/A742M-98 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated and Polymer
Pre-coated for Corrugated Steel Pipe

A746 - A746-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe

A760 - A760/A760M-99 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for

Sewers and Drains

A761 - A761/A761M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Structural Plate, ZincCoated, for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches

A762 - A762/A762M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Polymer Pre-coated

for Sewers and Drains

A790 - A790/A790M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic

Stainless Steel Pipe

A796 - A796/A796M-99 - Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, PipeArches, and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other Buried Applications

A798 - A798/A798M-97a - Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe

for Sewers and Other Applications

A807 - A807/A807M-97 - Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel Structural Plate Pipe
for Sewers and Other Applications

A810 - A810-94 - Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Pipe Winding Mesh

A813 - A813/A813M-95e2 - Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic

Stainless Steel Pipe

A814 - A814/A814M-96 (1998) - Specification for Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic

Stainless Steel Pipe

A849 - A849-99 - Specification for Post-Applied Coatings, Pavings, and Linings for
Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

A861 - A861-94e1 - Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings

A862 - A862/A862M-98 - Practice for Application of Asphalt Coatings to Corrugated

Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

A865 - A865-97 - Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black or Zinc-Coated

(Galvanized) Welded or Seamless, for Use in Steel Pipe Joints

A872 - A872-91 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless

Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environments

A885 - A885/A885M-96 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc and Aramid Fiber
Composite Coated for Corrugated Steel Sewer, Culvert, and Underdrain Pipe

A888 - A888-98e1 - Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for
Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications

A926 - A926-97 - Test Method for Comparing the Abrasion Resistance of Coating
Materials for Corrugated Metal Pipe

A928 - A928/A928M-98 - Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel

Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal

A929 - A929/A929M-97 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip

Process for Corrugated Steel Pipe

A930 - A930-99 - Practice for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Corrugated Metal Pipe Used
for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and Other Buried Conduits

A943 - A943/A943M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic

Stainless Steel Pipes

A949 - A949/A949M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic

Stainless Steel Pipe

A954 - A954-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel

Seamless and Welded Pipe

A972 - A972/A972M-99 - Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated Pipe Piles

A978 - A978/A978M-97 - Specification for Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe, Precoated and
Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special
Applications

A984 - A984/A984M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, ElectricResistance-Welded

A998 - A998/A998M-98 - Practice for Structural Design of Reinforcements for Fittings in

Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications

A999 - A999/A999M-98 - Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless
Steel Pipe

A1005 - A1005/A1005M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End,
Longitudinal and Helical Seam, Double Submerged-Arc Welded

A1006 - A1006/A1006M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End, Laser
Beam Welded

Steel Tubes
Superheater, Boiler and Miscellaneous Tubes:

A178 - A178/A178M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and

Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn LowCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A192 - A192/A192M-91 (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler

Tubes for High-Pressure Service

A209 - A209/A209M-98 - Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel

Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A210 - A210/A210M-96 - Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and

Superheater Tubes

A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel

Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler,

Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes

A250 - A250/A250M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic AlloySteel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A254 - A254-97 - Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing

A268 - A268/A268M-96 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic
Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service

A269 - A269-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubing for General Service

A270 - A270-98ae1 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel
Sanitary Tubing

A334 - A334/A334M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel
Tubes for Low-Temperature Service

A423 - A423/A423M-95 - Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy

Steel Tubes

A450 - A450/A450M-96a - Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic

Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes

A608 - A608-91a (1998) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel

High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures

A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength

Low-Alloy Structural Tubing

A632 - A632-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubing (Small-Diameter) for General Service

A688 - A688/A688M-98 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater

Heater Tubes

A771 - A771/A771M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless

Steel Tubing for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components

A778 - A778-98 - Specification for Welded, Unanneled Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular
Products

A789 - A789/A789M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic

Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service

A803 - A803/A803M-98 - Specification for Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater

Heater Tubes

A822 - A822-90 (1995) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing
for Hydraulic System Service

A826 - A826/A826M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless

Steel Duct Tubes for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components

A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength,
Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance

A908 - A908-91 (1998) - Specification for Stainless Steel Needle Tubing

A953 - A953-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel

Seamless and Welded Tubing -

Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn LowCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel

Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

A214 - A214/A214M-96 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel

Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler,

Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes

A498 - A498-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon, Ferritic, and Austenitic
Alloy Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins

A851 - A851-96 - Specification for High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed,

Austenitic Steel Condenser Tubes -

Structural Tubing

A500 - A500-99 - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes

A501 - A501-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
Structural Tubing

A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength,
Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance

A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength

Low-Alloy Structural Tubing -

Mechanical Tubing

A511 - A511-96 - Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing

A512 - A512-96 - Specification for Cold-Drawn Buttweld Carbon Steel Mechanical

Tubing

A513 - A513-98 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel

Mechanical Tubing

A519 - A519-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing

A554 - A554-98e1 - Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing -

Welded Fittings

A234 - A234/A234M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and
Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service

A403 - A403/A403M-99a - Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping

Fittings

A420 - A420/A420M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and
Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service

A758 - A758/A758M-98 - Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping

Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness

A774 - A774/A774M-98 - Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless

Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures -

ASMI

ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and

Flanged Fittings
This Standard for Classes 25, 125, 250 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
covers:
(a) pressure-temperature ratings,

(b) sizes and method of designating openings of reducing fittings,

(c) marking,

(d) minimum requirements for materials,

(e) dimensions and tolerances,

(f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions and

(g) tests.

ASME/ANSI

B16.3

1998

Malleable

Iron

Threaded

Fittings
This Standard for threaded malleable iron fittings Classes 150, and 300 provides
requirements for the following:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings

(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings

(c) marking

(d) materials

(e) dimensions and tolerances

(f) threading

(g) coatings

ASME/ANSI B16.4 - 1998 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings

This Standard for gray iron threaded fittings, Classes 125 and 250 covers:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings

(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings

(c) marking

(d) material

(e) dimensions and tolerances

(f) threading, and

(g) coatings

ASME/ANSI

B16.5

1996

Pipe

Flanges

and

Flanged

Fittings
The ASME B16.5 - 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings standard covers pressuretemperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods
of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings.
The standard includes flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900,
1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both
metric and U.S units. The Standard is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made
from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made
from cast, forged, or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements
and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints.

ASME/ANSI

B16.9

2001

Factory-Made

Wrought

Steel

Buttwelding Fittings
This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for
wrought factory-made buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through 48 (DN 15
through 1200).

ASME/ANSI B16.10 - 2000 - Face-to-Face and End-to-End

Dimensions of Valves
This Standard covers face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of straightway valves,
and center-to face and center-to-end dimensions of angle valves. Its purpose is to

assure installation interchangeability for valves of a given material, type size, rating
class, and end connection

ASME/ANSI B16.11 - 2001 - Forged Steel Fittings, SocketWelding and Threaded

This Standard covers ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking and material
requirements for forged fittings, both socket-welding and threaded.

ASME/ANSI B16.12 - 1998 - Cast Iron Threaded Drainage

Fittings
This Standard for cast iron threaded drainage fittings covers:

(a) size and method of designating openings in reducing fittings

(b) marking

(c) materials

(d) dimensions and tolerances

(e) threading

(f) ribs

(g) coatings

(h) face bevel discharge nozzles, input shafts, base plates, and foundation bolt holes (see
Tables 1 and 2).

ASME/ANSI B16.14 - 1991 - Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings

and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
This Standard for Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
covers:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings:

(b) size;

(c) marking;

(d) materials;

(e) dimensions and tolerances;

(f) threading; and

(g) pattern taper.

ASME/ANSI B16.15 - 1985 (R1994) - Cast Bronze Threaded

Fittings
This Standard pertains primarily to cast Class 125and Class 250 bronze threaded pipe
fittings. Certain requirements also pertain to wrought or cast plugs, bushings,
couplings, and caps. This Standard covers:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings;

(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing pipe fittings;

(c) marking;

(d) minimum requirements for casting quality and materials;

(e) dimensions and tolerances in U.S. customary and metric (SI) units;

(f) threading.

ASME/ANSI B16.18 - 1984 (R1994) - Cast Copper Alloy

Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
This Standard for cast copper alloy solder joint pressure fittings designed for use with
copper water tube, establishes requirements for:

(a) Pressure-temperature ratings;

(b) Abbreviations for end connections;

(c) Sizes and method of designating openings of fittings;

(d) Marking;

(e) Material;

(f) Dimensions and tolerances; and

(g) Tests.

ASME/ANSI B16.20 - 1998 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe

Flanges-Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed

This standard covers materials, dimensions, tolerances, and markings for metal ringjoint gaskets, spiral-wound metal gaskets, and metal jacketed gaskets and filler
material. These gaskets are dimensionally suitable for used with flanges described in
the reference flange standards ASME/ANSI B16.5, ASME B16.47, and API-6A. This
standard covers spiral-wound metal gaskets and metal jacketed gaskets for use with
raised face and flat face flanges. Replaces API-601 or API-601.

ASME/ANSI B16.21 - 1992 - Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for

Pipe Flanges
This Standard for nonmetallic flat gaskets for bolted flanged joints in piping includes:

(a) types and sizes;

(b) materials;

(c) dimensions and allowable tolerances.

ASME/ANSI B16.22 - 1995 - Wrought Copper and Copper

Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
The Standard establishes specifications for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy,
solder-joint, seamless fittings, designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming
to ASTM B 88 (water and general plumbing systems), B 280 (air conditioning and
refrigeration service), and B 819 (medical gas systems), as well as fittings intended to
be assembled with soldering materials conforming to ASTM B 32, brazing materials
conforming to AWS A5.8, or with tapered pipe thread conforming to ASME B1.20.1.
This Standard is allied with ASME B16.18, which covers cast copper alloy pressure
fittings. It provides requirements for fitting ends suitable for soldering. This Standard
covers:

(a) pressure temperature ratings;

(b) abbreviations for end connections;

(c) size and method of designating openings of fittings;

(d) marking;

(e) material;

(f) dimension and tolerances; and

(g) tests.

ASME/ANSI B16.23 - 1992 - Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint

Drainage Fittings (DWV)
The Standard establishes specifications for cast copper alloy solder joint drainage
fittings, designed for use in drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems. These fittings are
designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming to ASTM B 306, Copper
Drainage Tube (DWV), as well as fittings intended to be assembled with soldering
materials conforming to ASTM B 32, or tapered pipe thread conforming to ASME
B1.20.1. This standard is allied with ASME B16.29, Wrought Copper and Wrought
Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings - DWV. It provides requirements for
fitting ends suitable for soldering. This standard covers:

(a) description;

(b) pitch (slope);

(c) abbreviations for end connections;

(d) sizes and methods for designing openings for reducing fittings;

(e) marking;

(f) material; and

(g) dimensions and tolerances.

ASME/ANSI B16.24 - 1991 (R1998) - Cast Copper Alloy Pipe

Flanges and Flanged Fittings
This Standard for Classes 25, 125, 250, and 800 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged
Fittings covers:

(a) pressure temperature ratings,

(b) sizes and methods of designating openings for reduced fittings,

(c) marking,

(d) minimum requirements for materials,

(e) dimensions and tolerances,

(f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions, and

(g) tests.

ASME/ANSI B16.25 - 1997 - Buttwelding Ends

The Standard covers the preparation of butt welding ends of piping components to be
joined into a piping system by welding. It includes requirements for welding bevels, for
external and internal shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation of internal
ends (including dimensions and tolerances). Coverage includes preparation for joints with
the following.

(a) no backing rings;

(b) split or non continuous backing rings;

(c) solid or continuous backing rings;

(d) consumable insert rings;

(e) gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) of the root pass. Details of preparation for any
backing ring must be specified in ordering the component.

ASME/ANSI B16.26 - 1988 - Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for

Flared Copper Tubes
This standard for Cast Copper Alloy Fitting for Flared Copper Tubes covers:

(a) pressure rating;

(b) material;

(c) size;

(d) threading;

(e) marking.

ASME/ANSI

B16.28

1994

Wrought

Short Radius Elbows and Returns

Steel

Buttwelding

This Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for
wrought carbon and alloy steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns. The term
wrought denotes fittings made of pipe, tubing, plate, or forgings.

ASME/ANSI B16.29 - 1994 - Wrought Copper and Wrought

Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)
The standard for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy solder joint drainage
fittings, designed for use with copper drainage tube, covers:

(a) Description,

(b) Pitch (slope),

(c) Abbreviations for End Connections,

(d) Sizes and Method of Designating Openings for Reducing Fittings,

(e) Marking,

(f) Material,

(g) Dimensions and Tolerances.

ASME/ANSI B16.33 - 1990 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas

Valves for Use in Gas Piping Systems Up to 125 psig
General This Standard covers requirements for manually operated metallic valves
sizes NPS 1.2 through NPS 2, for outdoor installation as gas shut-off valves at the end
of the gas service line and before the gas regulator and meter where the designated
gauge pressure of the gas piping system does not exceed 125 psi (8.6 bar). The
Standard applies to valves operated in a temperature environment between .20 degrees
F and 150 degrees F (.29 degrees C and 66 degrees C). Design This Standard sets
forth the minimum capabilities, characteristics, and properties, which a valve at the
time of manufacture must possess, in order to be considered suitable for use in gas
piping systems.

ASME/ANSI B16.34 - 1996 - Valves - Flanged, Threaded,

and Welding End

This standard applies to new valve construction and covers pressure-temperature

ratings, dimensions, tolerances, materials, nondestructive examination requirements,
testing, and marking for cast, forged, and fabricated flanged, threaded, and welding
end, and wafer or flangeless valves of steel, nickel-base alloys, and other alloys
shown in Table 1. Wafer or flangeless valves, bolted or through-bolt types, that are
installed between flanges or against a flange shall be treated as flanged end valves.

ASME/ANSI B16.36 - 1996 - Orifice Flanges

This Standard covers flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have
orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following:

(a) welding neck flanges Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500

(b) slip-on and threaded Class 300

Orifice, Nozzle and Venturi Flow Rate Meters

ASME/ANSI B16.38 - 1985 (R1994) - Large Metallic Valves

for Gas Distribution
The standard covers only manually operated metallic valves in nominal pipe sizes 2
1/2 through 12 having the inlet and outlet on a common center line, which are suitable
for controlling the flow of gas from open to fully closed, for use in distribution and
service lines where the maximum gage pressure at which such distribution piping
systems may be operated in accordance with the code of federal regulations (cfr), title
49, part 192, transportation of natural and other gas by pipeline; minimum safety
standard, does not exceed 125 psi (8.6 bar). Valve seats, seals and stem packing may
be nonmetallic.

ASME/ANSI

B16.39

1986

(R1998)

Malleable

Iron

Threaded Pipe Unions

This Standard for threaded malleable iron unions, classes 150, 250, and 300, provides
requirements for the following:

(a) design

(b) pressure-temperature ratings

(c) size

(d) marking

(e) materials

(f) joints and seats

(g) threads

(h) hydrostatic strength

(i) tensile strength

(j) air pressure test

(k) sampling

(l) coatings

(m) dimensions

ASME/ANSI

B16.40

1985

(R1994)

Manually

Operated

Thermoplastic Gas
The Standard covers manually operated thermoplastic valves in nominal sizes 1.2
through 6 (as shown in Table 5). These valves are suitable for use below ground in
thermoplastic distribution mains and service lines. The maximum pressure at which
such distribution piping systems may be operated is in accordance with the Code of
Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 49, Part 192, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas
by Pipeline; Minimum Safety Standards, for temperature ranges of .20 deg. F to 100
deg. F (.29 deg. C to 38 deg. C). This Standard sets qualification requirements for
each nominal valve size for each valve design as a necessary condition for
demonstrating conformance to this Standard. This Standard sets requirements for
newly manufactured valves for use in below ground piping systems for natural gas
[includes synthetic natural gas (SNG)], and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases
(distributed as a vapor, with or without the admixture of air) or mixtures thereof.

ASME/ANSI B16.42 - 1998 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and

Flanged Fittings, Classes 150 and 300

The Standard covers minimum requirements for Class 150 and 300 cast ductile iron
pipe flanges and flanged fittings. The requirements covered are as follows:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings

(b) sizes and method of designating openings

(c) marking

(d) materials

(e) dimensions and tolerances

(f) blots, nuts, and gaskets

(g) tests

ASME/ANSIB16.44 - 1995 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas

Valves for Use in House Piping Systems
This Standard applies to new valve construction and covers quarter turn manually
operated metallic valves in sizes NPS 1/2-2 which are intended for indoor installation
as gas shutoff valves when installed in indoor gas piping between a gas meter outlet &
the inlet connection to a gas appliance.

ASME/ANSI B16.45 - 1998 - Cast Iron Fittings for Sovent

Drainage Systems
The Standard for cast iron drainage fittings used on self-aerating, one-pipe Solvent
drainage systems, covers the following:

(a) description

(b) sizes and methods for designating openings for reducing fittings

(c) marking

(d) material

(e) pitch

(f) design

(g) dimensions and tolerances

(h) tests

ASME/ANSI B16.47 - 1996 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges:

NPS 26 through NPS 60
This Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances,
marking, and testing for pipe flanges in sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60 and in ratings
Classes 75, 150,0300, 400, 600, and 900. Flanges may be cast, forged, or plate (for
blind flanges only) materials. Requirements and recommendations regarding bolting
and gaskets are also included.

ASME/ANSI B16.48 - 1997 - Steel Line Blanks

The Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances,
marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 for
installation between ASME B16. 5 flanges in the 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500
pressure classes.

ASME/ANSI B16.49 - 2000 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel

Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and
Distribution Systems
This Standard covers design, material, manufacturing, testing, marking, and
inspection requirements for factory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materials
having controlled chemistry and mechanical properties, produced by the induction
bending process, with or without tangents. This Standard covers induction bends for
transportation and distribution piping applications (e.g., ASME B31.4, B31.8, and
B31.11) Process and power piping have differing requirements and materials that may
not be appropriate for the restrictions and examinations described herein, and
therefore are not included in this Standard.

ASME

survey

of

one

of

the

most

important

pressure pipe codes - ASME B31, earlier

known as ANSI B31
Sponsored Links
B31 Code for pressure piping, developed by American Society of Mechanical
Engineers - ASME, covers Power Piping, Fuel Gas Piping, Process Piping, Pipeline
Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids, Refrigeration
Piping and Heat Transfer Components and Building Services Piping. ASME B31 was
earlier known as ANSI B31.

B31.1 - 2012 - Power Piping

Piping for industrial plants and marine applications. This code prescribes minimum
requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of
power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial
institutional plants, central and district heating plants.
The code covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high temperature, high
pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than
15 PSIG; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 PSIG
and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.

B31.2 - 1968 - Fuel Gas Piping

This has been withdrawn as a National Standard and replaced by ANSI/NFPA Z223.1,
but B31.2 is still available from ASME and is a good reference for the design of gas
piping systems (from the meter to the appliance).

B31.3 - 2012 - Process Piping

Design of chemical and petroleum plants and refineries processing chemicals and
hydrocarbons, water and steam. This Code contains rules for piping typically found in
petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and
cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals.
This Code prescribes requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication,
assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. This Code applies
to piping for all fluids including: (1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; (2)
petroleum products; (3) gas, steam, air and water; (4) fluidized solids; (5) refrigerants;
and (6) cryogenic fluids. Also included is piping which interconnects pieces or stages
within a packaged equipment assembly.

B31.4

2012

Pipeline

Transportation

Systems

for

Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids

This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly,
inspection, and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate,
natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid
alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers'
lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia
plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other delivery and receiving points.
Piping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings and
the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and
supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure
containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings,
buildings stanchions or foundations
Requirements for offshore pipelines are found in Chapter IX. Also included within the
scope of this Code are:

(A) Primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia
piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure
reducing stations and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover
loop;

(B) Storage and working tanks including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and
fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities;

(C) Liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property which
has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas
processing, ammonia, and bulk plants;

(D) Those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the
safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment,
property and the piping systems.

B31.5 - 2013 - Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer

Components
This Code prescribes requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly,
erection, test, and inspection of refrigerant, heat transfer components, and secondary
coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320 deg F (-196 deg C), whether erected on
the premises or factory assembled, except as specifically excluded in the following
paragraphs.
Users are advised that other piping Code Sections may provide requirements for
refrigeration piping in their respective jurisdictions.
This Code shall not apply to:

(a) any self- contained or unit systems subject to the requirements of Underwriters
Laboratories or other nationally recognized testing laboratory:

(b) water piping;

(c) piping designed for external or internal gage pressure not exceeding 15 psi (105 kPa)
regardless of size; or

(d) pressure vessels, compressors, or pumps,

but does include all connecting refrigerant and secondary coolant piping starting at the
first joint adjacent to such apparatus.

B31.8 - 2012 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping

Systems
This Code covers the design, fabrication, installation, inspection, and testing of
pipeline facilities used for the transportation of gas. This Code also covers safety
aspects of the operation and maintenance of those facilities.

B31.8S

2012

Managing

System

Integrity

of

Gas

Pipelines
This Standard applies to on-shore pipeline systems constructed with ferrous materials
and that transport gas.
Pipeline system means all parts of physical facilities through which gas is transported,
including pipe, valves, appurtenances attached to pipe, compressor units, metering
stations, regulator stations, delivery stations, holders and fabricated assemblies.
The principles and processes embodied in integrity management are applicable to all
pipeline systems. This Standard is specifically designed to provide the operator (as
defined in section 13) with the information necessary to develop and implement an
effective integrity management program utilizing proven industry practices and
processes.
The processes and approaches within this Standard are applicable to the entire
pipeline system.

B31.9 - 2011 - Building Services Piping

This Code Section has rules for the piping in industrial, institutional, commercial and
public buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not require the range of sizes,
pressures, and temperatures covered in B31.1.
This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, installation,
inspection, examination and testing of piping systems for building services. It
includes piping systems in the building or within the property limits.

B31.11 - 2002 - Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

Design, construction, inspection, security requirements of slurry piping systems.
Covers piping systems that transport aqueous slurries of no hazardous materials, such
as coal, mineral ores and other solids between a slurry processing plant and the
receiving plant.

B31.12 - 2011 - Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines

Gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and to pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service.

B31G - 2009 - Manual for Determining Remaining Strength

of Corroded Pipelines
A supplement To B31 Code-Pressure Piping