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Postulates of VBT
A covalent bond is formed by overlapping of pure atomic orbitals of
the atoms between the bond is being formed
Sigma bond : a covalent bond formed by the axial overlapping of atomic orbitals are
called sigma bond
Internuclear axis
- bonding
Pi bond: a covalent bond formed by the sideways or lateral overlap of atomic
orbitals.
Internuclear axis
- bonding
Hybridization
Mixing and recasting of atomic orbitals having
equal energy and to form new hybrid orbitals
of equal energy is called hybridization
CH4
molecule:
C(6):
1s2
2s2
2p2
Excited state
sp3 hybrid orbitals of c
H(1): 1s1
Formation of CH4
NH3 molecule:
N(7):
1s2
2s2
2p3
Excited state
sp3 hybrid orbitals of N
H(1): 1s1
Formation of NH3
BeH2
molecule:
Be(4): 1s2
2s2
2p
Excited state
Sp hybrid orbitals of Be
H(1): 1s1
Formation of BeH2
Sp hybridization
BF3 molecule:
B(5):
1s2
2s2
2p1
Excited state
sp2 hybrid orbitals of B
F (9):
1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
Formation of BF3
sp2 hybridization
3p5
Molecular Orbital
Theory
Atomic orbitals
overlapping
Combining Atomic
orbitals
Resulting
Molecular orbitals
1s + 1s
1s
1s - 1s
*1s
2s + 2s
2s
2s - 2s
*2s
2pz + 2pz
2pz
2pz - 2pz
*2pz
2px + 2px
2p
2px - 2px
*2px
2py + 2py
2py
2py - 2py
*2py