FORENSIC

TRAUMATOLOGY
Hendro widagdo

OBJECTIVES
ABLE TO UNDERSTAND A
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASSAULT
AND INJURY
ABLE TO UNDERSTAND MEDICOLEGAL
IMPORTANCES OF INJURY

DEFINITION

WOUND OR INJURY IS A BREAK IN

NATURAL CONTINUITY OF ANY OF
THE BODY TISSUES

 WOUND:
NATURAL ( DUE TO DISEASE )
UNNATURAL ( DUE TO ANY FORCES )

THE FORCES CAN BE CLASSIFIED

INTO:
PHYSICAL
MECHANICAL
THERMAL
GUNSHOT AND EXPLOTION

CHEMICAL
ACID
ALKALI

MECHANICAL VIOLENCE WOUNDS

CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
MAIN TYPES :
1. BLUNT VIOLENCE WOUNDS
2. WOUNDS CAUSED BY POINTED AND
SHARP- EDGED INSTRUMENTS

BLUNT VIOLENCE WOUNDS

BLUNT VIOLENCE WOUNDS ARE DIVIDED INTO

THREE CATEGORIES
1. ABRASIONS
2. CONTUSIONS
3. LACERATIONS

ABRASIONS
AN ABRASION IS AN INJURY TO THE
SKIN IN WHICH THERE IS REMOVAL
THE SUPERFICIAL EPITHELIAL LAYERS OF
THE SKIN (THE EPIDERMIS) BY FRICTION
AGAINST A ROUGH SURFACE
OR DESTRUCTION OF THE SUPERFICIAL
LAYERS OF THE SKIN BY COMPRESSION
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ABRASIONS: SCRAPE
/ BRUSH ABRASIONS; PRESSURE / PATTERNED
ABRASIONS

SCRAPE ( BRUSH )ABRASIONS

THIS OCCUR WHEN A BLUNT OBJECT
SCRAPES OFF THE SUPERFICIAL LAYERS OF
THE SKIN
ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF
SCRAPE ABRASIONS IS THE LINEAR
ABRASION KNOWN AS SCRATCH
EXTENSIVE SCRAPE-LIKE ABRASIONS
( GRAZE OR SLIDING ABRASIONS ) ARE
MOSTLY SEEN IN PEDESTRIANS WHO SLIDE
ACROSS PAVEMENTS AFTER BEING HIT BY
MOTOR VEHICLES

SCRAPE ( BRUSH )ABRASIONS

PRESSURE ABRASIONS / PATTERNED

ABRASIONS
A PRESSURE ABRASION OCCURS WHEN BLUNT FORCES
ARE COME PERPENDICULARLY TO THE BODY SURFACE
RESULTS IN COMPRESSION OF THE TISSUES
( LIGATURE MARK IN HANGING, NAIL MARKS IN
THROTTLING )
PATTERNED ABRASION IS PRESSURE ABRASION WHERE
THE SHAPE OF CAUSATIVE OBJECT IS IMPRINTED
UPON THE SKIN DUE TO GRINDING COMPRESSION
FORCE (SUCH AS A PIPE, A HAMMER, ETC).

TIRE MARK

ROPE MARK

CONTUSIONS

A CONTUSION OR BRUISE IS AN AREA OF

HEMORRHAGE INTO SOFT TISSUE DUE TO
RUPTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS CAUSED BY
BLUNT FORCE
CONTUSIONS MAY ALSO BE PRESENT IN
INTERNAL ORGANS

CONTUSIONS

LACERATIONS
A LACERATION IS A TEAR IN SOFT TISSUE
CAUSED BY A CRUSHING FORCE.
AS EACH COMPONENTS OF SOFT TISSUE
HAS DIFFERENCES IN STRENGTHS, SO THAT
THERE WILL BE INCOMPLETE SOFT TISSUE
SEPARATION ( CALLED BRIDGE OF TISSUE )
INSIDE THE WOUND

Here is a very superficial laceration of the forehead

LACERATION

WOUNDS CAUSED BY POINTED AND

SHARP-EDGED INSTRUMENTS

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF THESE WOUNDS :

1. STAB WOUNDS
2. INCISED WOUNDS
3. CHOP WOUNDS

STAB WOUNDS

STAB WOUNDS ARE PRODUCED BY POINTED

INSTRUMENTS. THE DEPTH OF THE WOUND
TRACK IN THE BODY IS LONGER THAN ITS
LENGTH ON THE SKIN

This is a single-edge
blade stab wound in
which there is a "hilt"
mark at the left.
The sharp blade edge is
at the right.

Seen in this clay model is the pattern of a stab

wound from a double edge knife on the left and a
single edge knife on the right.

INCISED WOUNDS
INCISED WOUNDS OR CUTS ARE PRODUCED
BY SHARP-EDGED INSTRUMENTS. THE SHARP
EDGE OF THE INSTRUMENT IS PRESSED
INTO AND DRAWN ALONG THE SURFACE OF
THE SKIN, PRODUCING A WOUND WHOSE
LENGTH IS GREATER THAN ITS DEPTH

An incision has clean, straight edges made by a sharp

object such as a knife.

CHOP WOUNDS

A CHOP WOUND IS PRODUCED BY AN HEAVY

INSTRUMENT WITH A CUTTING EDGE ( FOR
EXAMPLE AXE ). IT IS AN INCISED-LIKE WOUND
BUT ITS DEPTH IS ALMOST SAME GREAT AS
ITS LENGTH

STAB
WOUND

CHOB
WOUND

THERMAL INJURY
HEAT
DRY HEAT ( BURNS )
MOIST HEAT ( SCALD )

COLD
DRY COLD ( FROST BITE )
MOIST COLD ( TRENCH FOOT )

CHEMICAL INJURY
ACID
STRONG ACID ( CORROSION )
WEAK ACID ( IRRITATION )

ALKALI
STRONG ALKALI ( CORROSION )
WEAK ALKALI ( IRRITATION )

MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCES OF INJURY

IT IS A SIGN OF VIOLANCE
GIVING INFORMATION ON:
THE CAUSATIVE OBJECT (EX.
PRESSURE/PATTERNED ABRATION)
DIRECTION OF FORCE
RELATIVE POSITION OF THE ASSAILANT AND
VICTIM
IDENTITY OF THE ASSAILANT ( BITE MARK )

 PREDICTION ON MANNER OF DEATH

(BRUISE AND LACERATION ARE COMMON
IN ACCIDENTAL AND HOMICIDAL)
TIME OF THE ASSAULT ( BY THE COLOUR
CHANGES OF BRUISES )

 THANK YOU