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s u c c ess f u l W a l l S t r eet ex e c u t iv
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h is

t a ll t h e o t h e r

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es

sa id h e h a d n o

co u ld b lam e h im ? H is first attem

p ts w o u ld b e aw k w a r d a n d clu m sy
t

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h a d b een a n e a rl
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pen t m u ch o f h is t i m e w i t h k i d s o f l ik e i n t er est s

a n

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"

o r

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ty p es H e

w as ex osed t o a n en t ir el
p
y d i f fe r e n t c i r c l e o f f r i e n d s w i t h a u n i u e s o c i a l
cu lt u r e
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gr e w u p s e e i n g h i m s e l f a s s m a r t , c u Do u s , i n t r o s e c t i v e a n d is n w
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t al en ts ea r l
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y in life

si b lin g s ta len ts

each

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g else in t h e i r l ife ( h a n g e d

f ac t ,

s u

c c e s s

an d h ow

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t h ey co m
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sib li n g ex er ien ce s w er
e cen t r al t o
p

ll th ei r

life ch o i ces w er e in f lu en
ced b y w h o th e
y h a d as sib l in g s H ad B en
gr ow n u p
w i t h a sib lin
g t h a t w a s l e s s a t h l e t i c a w ho w o u l d h e b e ? P
erh a s h e w o u ld h av
p
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b e ( o m e i n t e r e s t e d j n s o r t s a n d fo c u s
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o w ev e r ,
o w m u ch o f t h is o cc u r s i
s
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sib le It is u n li k e l
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t h is g r

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ily eco n o m ists,

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ou p

s t

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o r

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su cce ss

her e

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ar e m an y m o r e f am ilies in w h ich o n ly o n e,

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Only about half of siblings share t he same level of economic and

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a r e o th er f acto r s t h at co n t r ib u t e t o su ccess

a n

n o ex p lan at io n o f ach iev em en t is

u se
com p let e w it h o u t t h e a r g u m en t th at w o r k i n g h ar d is th e p r im a ry ca

per sev

w h o w o r k

v
su ccess
p r e d ic ti e o f

e d i c a t i o n t o t a s l cs a r e b o t h

er an ce a n d

h ar d ex p er ien ce su ccess

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fa m
per

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t r ait o f

e n v

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ir o n

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w o rk er

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m e n t al o p p o r tu n i t ie s ,
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la b el

w o r k er

a n

fr i e n

d sh ip s

o r

n ot t r u e th at all p eo p le

ar d w o r k is im p o r t an t fo r so m e

oth er f acto rs

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a sib lin g

a s

par e n

ts

The

Su

ccess in ca r eers d o es n o t m ean

f a c t o r s t h a t p r o m o t e f i n a n c i al a n d
,

par en

tin g

su ccess w h il e o th er s d o n o t ? I n r ecen t y ear s

o r

fr i e n

gr o w

d sh ip s

w h y d o so m e i n d iv i d u als e n

im

o f r es e a r c h h a s b ee n d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h a t s ib li n g s a r e h ig h l y i n l l u e n t i al i n
p r essiv e b o d y

hu

m an d ev elo p m en t

ho w

e r

ha p s

ev e n m o r e so t h an p a r en t s o r p eer s

sib lin g s d i r ectly co n t r ib u t e t o in d iv i d u al su c cess is l im it ed

c o n s i d er a t i o n s t h a t ca n b e d e r iv e d f r o m

r esear ch fin d in g s

w a y s i n w h i c h o u r s i b l i n g s a f fe c t o u r o w n s u c c e s s

The

Alth o u

her e

in g an d

So

, p

a n d t r a i t m ay h av e e m e r g e d a n d b e e n f o r til i e d i n t h e

al t h y m ar r iag es
ed u cat io n al su ccess m ay n o t n ecessa rily p r o m o t e h e

jo y

is

a co m b in ati o n o f g en et ic t em p er am en t

n ad d it io n al i m p o r ta n t p o in t ; n o t a ll su cc ess is e c o n o m i c

su c cess in m a r r iag e

b r o t h er o r si st e r v i a p a r e n t al c o m p a r is o n s

l a z 5p

co n tex t o f h av i n g a

"

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i t

it is t r u e th at

a r e al so co u n tl ess ex a m p l e s o f t h o se w h o d i d n o t

n t
n eed t o w o r k h a r d t o a c h iev e h ig h l ev el s o f a cc o m p l ish m e

a n d n o t fo r o t h er s

W Di l e

gh t h e r ese ar ch o n

a r e s o m e c o m p el l i n g

f o ll o w in g f iv e ele m e n t s a r e t h e

1 Genetics
.

Ge n e s

ar e ce r tai n ly im p o r ta n t

o r su ccess,

yo u

bu

t d o n o t t ell th e w h o l e st o ry

I f ge n

es w er e t o t h a n k f o r t al en t

w o u l d t h i n k t h at m o r e f a m il ies w o u l d h av e m u l t i p l e o f fs p r in g r ath er t h an

s i n g l e o f fs p r i n g s u c c e s s e s
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A f fe c t

Y o ur Succes
s A c c o rd in

:e r s o r t h e
M an n in
g b r oth ers

ete

To

th at
p o in t

g to s c i en c e

o s t

s t a r s

99u

p ag e 4 o f 9

hav e

o t

sib lin
g w h o is also a

ic h

ael J o r d a n cer t
a i n ly p o s se ss e d t h e
g en et i c c o n s t it u t i o n
to b eco m e o n e o f t
h e g r eat est b as
k etb all
p lay er s o f a ll t im e H e h ad t h e h ei h t
, c o o r din a t i o n ,
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a n d p h si u e r e
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q u ir ed fo r su cH su ccess If
su cc ess w e r
M

e p u r ely ex la in ed b
p
y g e n e s , w hy w e r e
n o n e o f h is sib l i
n g s al so
p r o f es sio n al at h l et es ? R e ea r c h h a
s sh o w n t h a t s ib l i n s des it e sh a r e d
g ,
p
ge n e t i c s , a r e q u i t e d i f f e r e n t f r o m
each o t
h er

Genes ar e cert ainly iortanc but do not t ell the w hole st on

In

fa c t

s i

bli n

g s a r e a s d il l e r en t fr o m

iet y , dep

w i t h e a ch

p ie c e ) ,

Wny

w e r e e a ch su cc essf u l in v e r
y

sen se g iv e n t h e ir
g e n et ic c o n st it u t io n s
en d eav o r

de s p

it e sh ar i n g g e n e s a n d

a r e s i b l i n g s s o d i f fe r e n t ? I t s e e m s t h a t
g row in g u p

o t h er g en er at es d i& er e n c e (as i n t h e ca se o f M ich a el a n d B en fr

o m

ho

each oth er o n
p ers o n ality a n d p sy ch o lo g ical a dj u st m en t

r essio n ) t e st s a s co m
p lete stra n gers ar e

en v ir o n m en t (m o r e o n th at sh o r tl
y )

s u

c c e s s

less

i s

l ik e ly

d i 0e r e n t a r e a s

If

Each

e a r li e r i n t h i s

p u rsu ed t rajecto ries th at m ad e

w e d o n o t p o ss es s t h e b u il d o r t e m
p er a m en t fo r a n

2 Environment
.

As

in t h e ca se o f g en et ics,

ho

m es,

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a t t e n

d th e

a l l i n h ab i t a n t s,

ht

s i

bl in

gs also sh ar e en v ir o n m en ts g row in g u p

sam e sch o ols,

e x

s o

ha t

pa r

ticu l a r ly if th ey a r e cl o se in a g e

h e r s
, r e s e a r c

u n iq u e ly

t h e r e

a n

p er a m en ts

h a v e

a b u n

t h a t

f o u n d

t em

a n

s a m

ltu

c u

r al a n d f am ily t r a d it io n s,

a n

so o n

d in

ter ests

a n d em o t io n al i n v es t m e n t

s t r iv e t o

b e

d i & e r e n t

f r o m

e a c h

o th e r ,

p ir ic al ev i d e n ce t h a t p a r en ts t r e at ea ch o f t h eir ch il d r en

ch ildr en th e sam e

a c t iv e l y

s ib l i n g s

allo cat e r eso u r ces d i& eren tly

they t re at t h eir

teln

i s

t h

c e

l iv e i n t h e s a m e

i s i t a b o u t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t t h a t c o n t i b u t e s t o d i f :e r e n c e s i n s i b l i n g s ?

s t

c o n d

e r i e n

T h ey

assu m e t h e sam e en v i r o n m en t w o u ld p ro d u ce t h e sa m e l ev el o f su cc ess ac r o ss

Fir

Se

hey

Co

do n ot

n tr ary to th e of ten

Ch i l d r

he ar d

claim s b y p aren ts th at

en h av e d if fe r e n t in d iv id u al n eed s,

il d r e n o t h e r w i s e a s a m a t te r o f p r a g m a t i cs
p a r e n t s t r e a t th ei r ch

These

d is p a D t ies ar e o f te n l o a d e d

Res ea r ch

h as f a irly

c o n s i st e n t l y r p d f l d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t p a r e n t a l d i & e r e n t i a l t r e a t m e n t i s l i n k e d t o i n d i v i d u a l

pro

b l e m s f o r d isf av o r e d ch il d r e n

ad ul th o o d

Re s e a

ha s

a n

d to

p o o r er sib l in g r ela t io n sh ip s,

hich

co n t i n u e s in t o

a l so s u g g e s d t h a t i n f a m i l i es w i t h l i m i t e d r e s o u r c es p a r e n t s w il l

n t ial
so m et i m es i n v est m o r e i n t h e o n e c h i.d t h a t s ee m s t o p o ssess t h e m o st p o t e

ht t p / / 9 9 u

. c

/ a r t i c l e s/ 4 3

. 6 3/h ow

you r

si b l in g s af fe c t
-

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llo w

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There is abundant eirical evidence t hat parents t reat eachof

their children uniquely
.

Thir

s i b l i n

g s

u s e

d i s t i n c t i v e

s t r a t e g i e s

hic h

r e s o u r c e s , w

a l l o c a t i n g

f o r

"

by b ir

th o r d er

pa r e n

t al i n v e s t m e n t w h il e av o i

Ther

e i s r e se a r c h ev i d e n c e t h a t s ib l i n g s s e l e ct d if fe r e n t
in g d ir e ct c o m p et it io n

a n d a c a d e m i c a l l y f o c u s e d ( p a r t i c u l a r l y f i r s t b o r n gi r <i )

kFg

o 11 r t h

bu

B en a n d M ich ael

bl i n g s

s i

v a l u e

a r e n t s

t n o t in t h e a r ts

e s

n i c h

A pa r en

to h av

div

en d eav o r s

in

i l i e s

f a m

In

l i v e

a l s o

a
,

ll

d iv i d u als w h o g r ew

e n t s

c u r r i c u l a r a c t iv i t i es
a s

jobs

lc o l m

u p

Ther

a ll y

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is t e n

th at

<hav e

k ely
m u s t p l a y f o o t b a 1> ) a r e m o r e l i

o t e

r o m

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Cu l t u

i n h

o r

ib

e ar e cu ltu ral

s u c c e s s

i t

r e

ligio u

i t h

a r t i c u l a r

s an d g en d er

r e i n f lu e n c e s ch il d r e n

O 11 t l i e r s

G 1a d w e l l a r g u e d i n h i s b o o k

ila b

le e x t r

O f fs p

fo r

rin g th at g rad u at e college an d

d u ri n g eco n o m ic u p t u r n s h av e m o r e o p p o r tu n it ie s t o b ec o m e e m p lo y e d in

f a m

il i e s

t h a t

s o c i a l

h o l d

w h it e

du c

ted

t h e sam e fa m ily w h o en t er t h e m ar k et

o s i t i o n s

a n d

o f fe r

m o r e l i k e l y t o p r o d u c e m u l t i p l e o f fs p r i n g s u c c e s s
w eam

s in t er est i n sp o r ts

e is al s o t h e el e m e n t o f t i m e a n d p l a c e i n p r o v i d i n g o p p o r tu n i w

rin g eco n o m ic r ecessio n s

F in

ex cel
in h o u se h o ld s cl o s e to g o lf c o u r ses a r e m o r e lik e ly t o
e n v i r o n m en ts

u r b an

ec o n o m i c al ly r ew a r d i n g s it u a t i o n s t h a n s ib li n g s f r o m

du

e i t h e r

t h a t

ex p ect at io n s t h at can su p p o r t o r lim it su cc ess

su ccess,

b/d /n g

s t en d t o b e m o r e m

t m ay b e ex cit e d b y a ch il

m y ch ild r en

d i& er en t ar eas

e n v i r o n

i n

th at sp o r t t h an t h o se fr o m

seek

bo r n

m o r e l ik ely t o se e
w h o su p p o r t a w id e r an g e of in t er ests a r e
p ar en ts

he r ea s

a n d su cc esses in

er sificat io n

cr ease

n e
ed in t h e sam e en d eav o r (o r h av e o
c o m p e t e d i r e c t ly a n d p o t e n t ia lly s u c c e

e ch ild r en

o u t en t ir ely )

F if th

l a t e r

is n o n
u g h r e se a r c h o n n ic h e a v a il a b il ity

Att h o

"

dr o p

in

t o

e g l
or n s ten d to b e m o r

h e r e a s

"

es

r t o
as o f ex p e r tise i n o r d e
t y p i c a l l y s e l e c t d i f fe r e n t a r e

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p et it io n

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Compem ion can be bot hbeneficial anddamaging

.

Fo

in

r b o t h s ib l i n s t o b e s u c c essf u l w it h in t h e sa m e e n d eav o r
g

t en t io n ed an d n o t w ith t h e aim

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a s a m e s ex sib l i n g m ay i n c re ase co m p et it i o n a n d o p p o r t u n i t ies f o r

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4 Comparison
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In

n o o t h e r r el a t i o n s h ip a r e i n d iv i d u a l s c o m p a r e d a s m u c h a s s ib l i n g s

o f t en d r s r r ih p t h e m s e lv e s i n t e r m s o f o p p o s it e s ,

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her

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a n

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t s a n d s ib l i n g s

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e n ts st a r t ev en b efo r e th e s ec o n d ch il d e n t er s t h e w o r ld
"

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per so

s ib l in gs

T hr

n ah t ies a r e al r e a d y b e in g c o m p a r ed a n d b ein g u se d t o d efi n e t h em

o u g h o u t l if e,

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blin g

s u se e a ch

o t h er a s r efe r e n ce p o i n t s fo r s u c cess

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a s d i f fe r e n t

e stu d y ev en

r e p o r t e d t h a t i n d iv i d u a l s w h o w e r e p e r c e i v e d t o m a k e m o r e m o n e y t h a n t h e i r s i b l i n g s r e p o r t e d

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a r t

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eficial
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g su p p o r t h a s

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