System Programming

Implement a symbol table with functions to
create, insert, modify, search and display

Aim
To write a "C" program for the implementation of symbol table with functions to create,
insert, modify, search and display.
Algorithm
STEP 1: Start the program execution.
STEP 2: Create a structure for opcode table and assign the values.
STEP 3: Create a structure for symbol table and assign the values.
STEP 4: Create a structure for intermediate code table and assign the values.
STEP 5: Write the opcode in separate file and machine code in another separate file.
STEP 6: Open the opcode file and compare it with the given machine code and then
generate opcode for corresponding source code.
STEP 7: Check the forward reference in intermediate code and print the corresponding
jump statement address.
STEP 8: Compare machine code with the opcode.If any jump statement with backward
reference is present, then print backward reference address.
STEP 9: For symbol table, print the symbol and address of the symbol.
STEP 10: Stop the program execution.
Source
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
struct table
{
char var[10];
int value;
};
struct table tbl[20];
int i,j,n;
void create();
void modify();
int search(char variable[],int n);
void insert();
void display();
void main()
{
int ch,result=0;
char v[10];
clrscr();
do
{
printf("Enter ur choice:\n1.Create\n2.Insert\n3.Modify\n4.Search\n5.Display\n6.Exit");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
create();
break;
case 2:
insert();
break;
case 3:
modify();
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter the variabe to be searched\n");
scanf("%s",&v);
result=search(v,n);
if(result==0)
printf("The variable does not belong to the table\n");
else
printf("The location of variable is %d. The value of %s is %d",
result,tbl[result].var,tbl[result].value);
break;
case 5:
display();
break;
case 6:
exit(1);
}
}
while(ch!=6);
getch();
}
void create()
{
printf("Enter the number of entries\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the variable and the value:\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
scanf("%s%d",tbl[i].var,&tbl[i].value);
check:
if(tbl[i].var[0]>='0' && tbl[i].var[0]<='9')
{
printf("The variable should start with an alphabet\nEnter the correct variable name\n");
goto check;
}
check1:
for(j=1;j<1;j++)
{
if(strcmp(tbl[i].var,tbl[j].var)==0)
{
printf("The variable already exists.\nEnter another variable\n");
goto check1;
}
}
}
printf("The table after creation is\n");
display();
}
void insert()
{
if(i>=20)
printf("Cannotinsert. Table is full");
else
{
n++;
printf("Enter the variable and value\n");
scanf("%s%d",tbl[n].var,&tbl[n].value);
check:
if(tbl[i].var[0]>='0' && tbl[i].var[0]<='9')
{
printf("The variable should start with alphabet\nEnter the correct variable name\n");
goto check;
}
check1:
for(j=1;j<n;j++)
{
if(strcmp(tbl[j].var,tbl[i].var)==0)
{
printf("The variable already exist\nEnter another variable\n");
goto check1;
}
}
printf("The table after insertion is\n");
display();
}
}
void modify()
{
char variable[10];
int result=0;
printf("Enter the variable to be modified\n");
scanf("%s",&variable);
result=search(variable,n);
if(result==0)
printf("%sdoes not belong to the table",variable);
else
{
printf("The current value of the variable%s is %d, Enter the new variable and its
value",tbl[result].var,tbl[result].value);
scanf("%s%d",tbl[result].var,&tbl[result].value);
check:
if(tbl[i].var[0]>='0' && tbl[i].var[0] <= '9')
{
printf("The variable should start with alphabet\n Enter the correct variable name\n");
goto check;
}
}
printf("The table after modification is\n");
display();
} int search(char variable[],int n)
{
int flag;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(strcmp(tbl[i].var,variable)==0)
{
flag=1;
break;
}
}
if(flag==1)
return i;
else
return 0;
}
void display()
{
printf("Variable\t value\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("%s\t\t%d\n",tbl[i].var,tbl[i].value);
}
OUTPUT
Enter your choice:
1.Create
2.Insert
3.Modify
4.Search
5.Display
6.Exit
1
Enter the number of entries
2
Enter the variable and the value:
A 26
B 42
The table after creation is
Variable value
A 26
B 42
Enter ur choice:
1.Create
2.Insert
3.Modify
4.Search
5.Display
6.Exit
2
Enter the variable and value
D 10
The table after insertion is
Variable value
A 26
B 42
D 10
Enter ur choice:
1.Create
2.Insert
3.Modify
4.Search
5.Display
6.Exit
3
Enter the variable to be modified
D
The current value of the variable D is 10, Enter the new variable and its value
C
20
The table after modification is
Variable value
A 26
B 42
C 20
Enter ur choice:
1.Create
2.Insert
3.Modify
4.Search
5.Display
6.Exit
4
Enter the variable to be searched
A The location of variable is 1. The value of A
is 26
Enter your choice:
1.Create
2.Insert
3.Modify
4.Search
5.Display
6.Exit
5
Variable value
A 26
B 42
C 20
Enter your choice:
1.Create
2.Insert
3.Modify
4.Search
5.Display
6.Exit
Implement pass one of a two-pass assembler.

Aim
"C" program for the implementation of pass one of a two pass assembler
Source
1.
Pass -1 of 2-pass assembler
2.
3.
#include<stdio.h>
4.
#include<conio.h>
5.
#include<string.h>
6.
void main()
7.
8.
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3,*f4;
9.
int lc,sa,l,op1,o,len;
10.
char m1[20],la[20],op[20],otp[20];
11.
clrscr();
12.
f1=fopen("input.txt","r");
13.
f3=fopen("symtab.txt","w");
14.
fscanf(f1,"%s %s %d",la,m1,&op1);
15.
if(strcmp(m1,"START")==0)
16.
17.
sa=op1;
18.
lc=sa;
19.
printf("\t%s\t%s\t%d\n",la,m1,op1);
20.
21.
else
22.
lc=0;
23.
fscanf(f1,"%s %s",la,m1);
24.
while(!feof(f1))
25.
26.
fscanf(f1,"%s",op);
27.
printf("\n%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",lc,la,m1,op);
28.
if(strcmp(la,"-")!=0)
29.
30.
fprintf(f3,"\n%d\t%s\n",lc,la);
31.
32.
f2=fopen("optab.txt","r");
33.
fscanf(f2,"%s %d",otp,&o);
34.
while(!feof(f2))
35.
36.
if(strcmp(m1,otp)==0)
37.
38.
lc=lc+3;
39.
break;
40.
41.
fscanf(f2,"%s %d",otp,&o);
42.
43.
fclose(f2);
44.
if(strcmp(m1,"WORD")==0)
45.
46.
47.
lc=lc+3;
48.
49.
else if(strcmp(m1,"RESW")==0)
50.
51.
op1=atoi(op);
52.
lc=lc+(3*op1);
53.
54.
else if(strcmp(m1,"BYTE")==0)
55.
56.
if(op[0]=='X')
57.
lc=lc+1;
58.
else
59.
60.
len=strlen(op)-2;
61.
lc=lc+len;}
62.
63.
else if(strcmp(m1,"RESB")==0)
64.
65.
op1=atoi(op);
66.
lc=lc+op1;
67.
68.
fscanf(f1,"%s%s",la,m1);
69.
70.
if(strcmp(m1,"END")==0)
71.
72.
printf("Program length =\n%d",lc-sa);
73.
74.
fclose(f1);
75.
fclose(f3);
76.
getch();
77.
Input:
Input.txt
COPY
START
1000
LDA
ALPHA
ADD
ONE
Input.txt
SUB
TWO
STA
BETA
ALPHA
BYTE
C'KLNCE
ONE
RESB
TWO
WORD
BETA
RESW
END
Optab.txt
LDA
00
STA
23
ADD
01
SUB
05
Output:
Symtab.txt
1012
ALPHA
Symtab.txt
1017
ONE
1019
TWO
1022
BETA
COPY
START
1000
1000
LDA
ALPHA
1003
ADD
ONE
1006
SUB
TWO
1009
STA
BETA
1012
ALPHA
BYTE
C'KLNCE
1017
ONE
RESB
1019
TWO
WORD
1022
BETA
RESW
1025
END
Program length = 25
COPY
START
1000
Implement pass two of a two-pass assembler.

Aim
To write a "C" program for the implementation of pass two of a two pass assembler.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<ctype.h>
5.
main()
6.
7.
FILE *fint,*ftab,*flen,*fsym;
8.
int op1[10],txtlen,txtlen1,i,j=0,len;
9.
char
add[5],symadd[5],op[5],start[10],temp[30],line[20],label[20],mne[10],operand[10],sy
mtab[10],opmne[10];
10.
clrscr();
11.
fint=fopen("input.txt","r");
12.
flen=fopen("length.txt","r");
13.
ftab=fopen("optab.txt","r");
14.
fsym=fopen("symbol.txt","r");
15.
fscanf(fint,"%s%s%s%s",add,label,mne,operand);
16.
if(strcmp(mne,"START")==0)
17.
18.
strcpy(start,operand);
19.
fscanf(flen,"%d",&len);
20.
21.
printf("H^%s^%s^%d\nT^00%s^",label,start,len,start);
22.
23.
while(strcmp(mne,"END")!=0)
24.
25.
fscanf(ftab,"%s%s",opmne,op);
26.
while(!feof(ftab))
27.
28.
if(strcmp(mne,opmne)==0)
29.
30.
fclose(ftab);
31.
fscanf(fsym,"%s%s",symadd,symtab);
32.
while(!feof(fsym))
33.
34.
if(strcmp(operand,symtab)==0)
35.
36.
printf("%s%s^",op,symadd);
37.
break;
38.
39.
else
40.
fscanf(fsym,"%s%s",symadd,symtab);
41.
42.
break;
43.
44.
else
45.
fscanf(ftab,"%s%s",opmne,op);
46.
47.
if((strcmp(mne,"BYTE")==0)||(strcmp(mne,"WORD")==0))
48.
49.
if(strcmp(mne,"WORD")==0)
50.
printf("0000%s^",operand);
51.
else
52.
53.
len=strlen(operand);
54.
for(i=2;i<len;i++)
55.
56.
printf("%d",operand[i]);
57.
58.
printf("^");
59.
60.
61.
62.
ftab=fopen("optab.txt","r");
63.
fseek(ftab,SEEK_SET,0);
64.
65.
printf("\nE^00%s",start);
66.
fclose(fint);
67.
fclose(ftab);
68.
fclose(fsym);
69.
fclose(flen);
70.
fclose(fout);
71.
getch();
72.
73.
input.txt:
COPY
START
1000
1000
LDA
ALPHA
1003
ADD
ONE
1006
SUB
TWO
1009
STA
BETA
1012
ALPHA
BYTE
C'KLNCE
1017
ONE
RESB
1019
TWO
WORD
input.txt:
1022
BETA
RESW
1025
END
optab.txt:
LDA
00
STA
23
ADD
01
SUB
05
length.txt:25
symbol.txt:
1012
ALPHA
1017
ONE
1019
TWO
1022
BETA
symbol.txt:
Implement a single pass assembler

Aim
To write a "C" program for the implementation of a single pass assembler.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<stdlib.h>
3.
#include<conio.h>
4.
#include<string.h>
5.
void main()
6.
7.
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3,*f4,*f5;
8.
int lc,sa,i=0,j=0,m[10],pgmlen,len,k,len1,l=0;
9.
char name[10],opnd[10],la[10],mne[10],s1[10],mne1[10],opnd1[10];
10.
char lcs[10],ms[10];
11.
char sym[10],symaddr[10],obj1[10],obj2[10],s2[10],q[10],s3[10];
12.
clrscr();
13.
14.
f2=fopen("optab.txt","r");
15.
f3=fopen("symtab.txt","w+");
16.
f4=fopen("symtab1.txt","w+");
17.
f5=fopen("output.txt","w+");
18.
fscanf(f1,"%s%s%s",la,mne,opnd);
19.
20.
if(strcmp(mne,"START")==0)
{
21.
sa=atoi(opnd);
22.
strcpy(name,la);
23.
lc=sa;
24.
25.
strcpy(s1,"*");
26.
27.
28.
29.
if(strcmp(la,"-")==0)
30.
31.
fscanf(f2,"%s%s",mne1,opnd1);
32.
while(!feof(f2))
33.
34.
if(strcmp(mne1,mne)==0)
35.
36.
m[i]=lc+1;
37.
fprintf(f3,"%s\t%s\n",opnd,s1);
38.
fprintf(f5,"%s\t0000\n",opnd1);
39.
lc=lc+3;
40.
i=i+1;
41.
break;
42.
43.
else
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
else
50.
51.
fseek(f3,SEEK_SET,0);
52.
fscanf(f3,"%s%s",sym,symaddr);
53.
while(!feof(f3))
54.
55.
if(strcmp(sym,la)==0)
56.
57.
itoa(lc,lcs,10);
58.
fprintf(f4,"%s\t%s\n",la,lcs);
59.
itoa(m[j],ms,10);
60.
j=j+1;
61.
fprintf(f5,"%s\t%s\n",ms,lcs);
62.
i=i+1;
63.
break;
64.
65.
else
66.
fscanf(f3,"%s%s",sym,symaddr);
67.
} //f3
68.
if(strcmp(mne,"RESW")==0)
69.
lc=lc+3*atoi(opnd);
70.
else if(strcmp(mne,"BYTE")==0)
71.
72.
strcpy(s2,"-");
73.
len=strlen(opnd);
74.
lc=lc+len-2;
75.
for(k=2;k<len;k++)
76.
77.
q[l]=opnd[k];
78.
l=l+1;
79.
80.
fprintf(f5,"%s\t%s\n",q,s2);
81.
break;
82.
83.
else if(strcmp(mne,"RESB")==0)
84.
lc=lc+atoi(opnd);
85.
else if(strcmp(mne,"WORD")==0)
86.
87.
strcpy(s3,"#");
88.
lc=lc+3;
89.
fprintf(f5,"%s\t%s\n",opnd,s3);
90.
break;
91.
92.
}
} // else la=-
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
pgmlen=lc-sa;
100.
printf("H^%s^%d^0%x\n",name,sa,pgmlen);
101.
printf("T^");
102.
printf("00%d^0%x",sa,pgmlen);
103.
fscanf(f5,"%s%s",obj1,obj2);
104.
while(!feof(f5))
105.
106.
if(strcmp(obj2,"0000")==0)
107.
printf("^%s%s",obj1,obj2);
108.
else if(strcmp(obj2,"-")==0)
109.
110.
printf("^");
111.
len1=strlen(obj1);
112.
for(k=0;k<len1;k++)
113.
printf("%d",obj1[k]);
114.
115.
else if(strcmp(obj2,"#")==0)
116.
117.
printf("^");
118.
printf("%s",obj1);
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
while(!feof(f5))
125.
126.
if(strcmp(obj2,"0000")!=0)
127.
128.
if(strcmp(obj2,"-")!=0)
129.
130.
if(strcmp(obj2,"#")!=0)
131.
132.
printf("\n");
133.
printf("T^%s^02^%s",obj1,obj2);
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
printf("\nE^00%d",sa);
140.
141.
142.
getch();
143.
Input:
input.txt
COPY
START
1000
LDA
ALPHA
STA
BETA
ALPHA
RESW
BETA
RESW
END
optab.txt
optab.txt
LDA
00
STA
23
LDCH
15
STCH
18
Output:
symtab.txt
ALPHA
BETA
ALPHA
1006
BETA
1009
symtab1.txt
Output.txt
00
0000
23
0000
1001
1006
Output.txt
1004
result.txt:
H^COPY^1000^0c
T^001000^0c^000000^230000
T^1001^02^1006
T^1004^02^1009
E^001000
1009
Implement a two pass macro processor

Aim
To implement a two pass macro processor
Source
Pass one:
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<stdlib.h>
5.
void main()
6.
7.
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3;
8.
char mne[20],opnd[20],la[20];
9.
clrscr();
10.
f1=fopen("minp2.txt","r");
11.
f2=fopen("ntab2.txt","w+");
12.
f3=fopen("dtab2.txt","w+");
13.
14.
while(strcmp(mne,"MEND")!=0)
15.
16.
if(strcmp(mne,"MACRO")==0)
17.
18.
fprintf(f2,"%s\n",la);
19.
fprintf(f3,"%s\t%s\n",la,opnd);
20.
21.
else
22.
fprintf(f3,"%s\t%s\n",mne,opnd);
23.
24.
25.
fprintf(f3,"%s",mne);
26.
fclose(f1);
27.
fclose(f2);
28.
fclose(f3);
29.
printf("PASS 1 is successful");
30.
getch();
31.
32.
Input file:
minp2.txt
EX1
MACRO
&A,&B
LDA
&A
STA
&B
minp2.txt
MEND
SAMPLE
START
1000
EX1
N1,N2
N1
RESW
N2
RESW
END
Output files:
dtab2.txt
EX1
&A,&B
LDA
&A
STA
&B
MEND
ntab2.txt
EX1
Pass two:
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<stdlib.h>
5.
void main()
6.
7.
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3,*f4,*f5;
8.
int i,len;
9.
char mne[20],opnd[20],la[20],name[20],mne1[20],opnd1[20],arg[20];
10.
clrscr();
11.
f1=fopen("minp2.txt","r");
12.
f2=fopen("ntab2.txt","r");
13.
f3=fopen("dtab2.txt","r");
14.
f4=fopen("atab2.txt","w+");
15.
f5=fopen("op2.txt","w");
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
else
26.
27.
fscanf(f2,"%s",name);
28.
if(strcmp(mne,name)==0)
29.
30.
len=strlen(opnd);
31.
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
32.
33.
if(opnd[i]!=',')
34.
fprintf(f4,"%c",opnd[i]);
35.
else
36.
fprintf(f4,"\n");
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
fprintf(f5,".\t%s\t%s\n",mne1,opnd);
42.
43.
while(strcmp(mne1,"MEND")!=0)
44.
45.
if((opnd1[0]=='&'))
46.
47.
fscanf(f4,"%s",arg);
48.
fprintf(f5,"-\t%s\t%s\n",mne1,arg);
49.
50.
else
51.
fprintf(f5,"-\t%s\t%s\n",mne1,opnd1);
52.
53.
54.
55.
else
56.
fprintf(f5,"%s\t%s\t%s\n",la,mne,opnd);
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
fclose(f1);
62.
fclose(f2);
63.
fclose(f3);
64.
fclose(f4);
65.
fclose(f5);
66.
printf("pass2");
67.
getch();
68.
69.
Input files:
minp2.txt
EX1
MACRO
&A,&B
LDA
&A
STA
&B
MEND
SAMPLE
START
1000
EX1
N1,N2
N1
RESW
N2
RESW
END
dtab2.txt
EX1
&A,&B
dtab2.txt
LDA
&A
STA
&B
MEND
ntab2.txt
EX1
Output files:
atab2.txt
N1
N2
op2.txt
SAMPLE
START
1000
EX1
N1,N2
LDA
N1
op2.txt
STA
N2
N1
RESW
N2
RESW
END
Implement a single pass macro processor

Aim
"C" program for the implementation of a one-pass macro processor
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<stdlib.h>
5.
void main()
6.
7.
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3,*f4,*f5;
8.
int len,i,pos=1;
9.
char
arg[20],mne[20],opnd[20],la[20],name[20],mne1[20],opnd1[20],pos1[10],pos2[10];
10.
clrscr();
11.
12.
f2=fopen("namtab.txt","w+");
13.
f3=fopen("deftab.txt","w+");
14.
f4=fopen("argtab.txt","w+");
15.
f5=fopen("op.txt","w+");
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
fprintf(f2,"%s\n",la);
22.
23.
fprintf(f3,"%s\t%s\n",la,opnd);
24.
25.
26.
27.
if(opnd[0]=='&')
28.
29.
itoa(pos,pos1,5);
30.
strcpy(pos2,"?");
31.
strcpy(opnd,strcat(pos2,pos1));
32.
pos=pos+1;
33.
34.
fprintf(f3,"%s\t%s\n",mne,opnd);
35.
36.
37.
fprintf(f3,"%s",mne);
38.
39.
else
40.
41.
fscanf(f2,"%s",name);
42.
if(strcmp(mne,name)==0)
43.
44.
len=strlen(opnd);
45.
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
46.
47.
if(opnd[i]!=',')
48.
fprintf(f4,"%c",opnd[i]);
49.
else
50.
fprintf(f4,"\n");
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
fprintf(f5,".\t%s\t%s\n",mne1,opnd);
56.
57.
while(strcmp(mne1,"MEND")!=0)
58.
59.
if((opnd[0]=='?'))
60.
61.
fscanf(f4,"%s",arg);
62.
fprintf(f5,"-\t%s\t%s\n",mne1,arg);
63.
64.
else
65.
fprintf(f5,"-\t%s\t%s\n",mne1,opnd1);
66.
67.
68.
69.
else
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
fprintf(f5,"%s\t%s\t%s",la,mne,opnd);
75.
fclose(f1);
76.
fclose(f2);
77.
fclose(f3);
78.
fclose(f4);
79.
fclose(f5);
80.
printf("files to be viewed \n");
81.
printf("1. argtab.txt\n");
82.
printf("2. namtab.txt\n");
83.
printf("3. deftab.txt\n");
84.
printf("4. op.txt\n");
85.
getch();
86.
87.
88.
Input.txt
EX1 MACRO &A,&B
- LDA &A
- STA &B
- MEND SAMPLE START 1000
- EX1 N1,N2
N1 RESW 1
N2 RESW 1
- END Argtab.txt
N1
N2
Op.txt
SAMPLE START 1000
. EX1 N1,N2
- LDA ?1
- STA ?2
N1 RESW 1
N2 RESW 1
- END Deftab.txt
EX1 &A,&B
LDA ?1
STA ?2
MEND
Namtab.txt
EX1
Implement an absolute loader

Aim
To implement an absolute loader in C.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<stdlib.h>
5.
void main()
6.
7.
FILE *fp;
8.
int i,addr1,l,j,staddr1;
9.
char name[10],line[50],name1[10],addr[10],rec[10],ch,staddr[10];
10.
clrscr();
11.
printf("enter program name:" );
12.
scanf("%s",name);
13.
fp=fopen("abssrc.txt","r");
14.
fscanf(fp,"%s",line);
15.
for(i=2,j=0;i<8,j<6;i++,j++)
16.
name1[j]=line[i];
17.
name1[j]='\0';
18.
printf("name from obj. %s\n",name1);
19.
if(strcmp(name,name1)==0)
20.
21.
do
22.
23.
fscanf(fp,"%s",line);
24.
if(line[0]=='T')
25.
26.
for(i=2,j=0;i<8,j<6;i++,j++)
27.
staddr[j]=line[i];
28.
staddr[j]='\0';
29.
staddr1=atoi(staddr);
30.
i=12;
31.
while(line[i]!='$')
32.
33.
if(line[i]!='^')
34.
35.
printf("00%d \t %c%c\n", staddr1,line[i],line[i+1]);
36.
staddr1++;
37.
i=i+2;
38.
39.
else i++;
40.
41.
42.
else if(line[0]='E')
43.
fclose(fp);
44.
}while(!feof(fp));
45.
46.
47.
getch();
48.
INPUT (ABSSRC.TXT)
H^SAMPLE^001000^0035
T^001000^0C^001003^071009$
T^002000^03^111111$
E^001000
OUTPUT
enter program name: SAMPLE
name from obj. SAMPLE
001000 00
001001 10
OUTPUT
001002 03
001003 07
001004 10
001005 09
002000 11
002001 11
002002 11
Implement a relocating loader

Aim
To implement a relocating loader in C.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<stdlib.h>
5.
void convert(char h[12]);
6.
char bitmask[12];
7.
char bit[12]={0};
8.
void main()
9.
{char add[6],length[10],input[10],binary[12],relocbit,ch,pn[5];
10.
int start,inp,len,i,address,opcode,addr,actualadd,tlen;
11.
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
12.
clrscr();
13.
printf("\n\n Enter the actual starting address : ");
14.
scanf("%x",&start);
15.
fp1=fopen("RLIN.txt","r");
16.
fp2=fopen("RLOUT.txt","w");
17.
fscanf(fp1,"%s",input);
18.
fprintf(fp2," ----------------------------\n");
19.
fprintf(fp2," ADDRESS\tCONTENT\n");
20.
fprintf(fp2," ----------------------------\n");
21.
while(strcmp(input,"E")!=0)
22.
23.
if(strcmp(input,"H")==0)
24.
25.
fscanf(fp1,"%s",pn);
26.
fscanf(fp1,"%x",add);
27.
fscanf(fp1,"%x",length);
28.
29.
30.
if(strcmp(input,"T")==0)
31.
32.
fscanf(fp1,"%x",&address);
33.
fscanf(fp1,"%x",&tlen);
34.
fscanf(fp1,"%s",bitmask);
35.
address+=start;
36.
convert(bitmask);
37.
len=strlen(bit);
38.
if(len>=11)
39.
len=10;
40.
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
41.
42.
fscanf(fp1,"%x",&opcode);
43.
fscanf(fp1,"%x",&addr);
44.
relocbit=bit[i];
45.
if(relocbit=='0')
46.
actualadd=addr;
47.
else
48.
actualadd=addr+start;
49.
fprintf(fp2,"\n %x\t\t%x%x\n",address,opcode,actualadd);
50.
address+=3;
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
fprintf(fp2," ----------------------------\n");
56.
fcloseall();
57.
printf("\n\n The contents of output file(RLOUT.TXT n\n");
58.
fp2=fopen("RLOUT.txt","r");
59.
ch=fgetc(fp2);
60.
while(ch!=EOF)
61.
62.
printf("%c",ch);
63.
ch=fgetc(fp2);
64.
65.
fclose(fp2);
66.
getch();
67.
68.
void convert(char h[12])
69.
70.
int i,l;
71.
strcpy(bit,"");
72.
l=strlen(h);
73.
for(i=0;i<l;i++)
74.
75.
switch(h[i])
76.
77.
case '0':
78.
strcat(bit,"0");
79.
break;
80.
case '1':
81.
strcat(bit,"1");
82.
break;
83.
case '2':
84.
strcat(bit,"10");
85.
break;
86.
case '3':
87.
88.
strcat(bit,"11");
break;
89.
90.
case '4':
strcat(bit,"100");
91.
break;
92.
case '5':
93.
strcat(bit,"101");
94.
break;
95.
case '6':
96.
strcat(bit,"110");
97.
break;
98.
case '7':
99.
strcat(bit,"111");
100.
break;
101.
case '8':
102.
strcat(bit,"1000");
103.
break;
104.
case '9':
105.
strcat(bit,"1001");
106.
break;
107.
case 'A':
108.
strcat(bit,"1010");
109.
break;
110.
case 'B':
111.
strcat(bit,"1011");
112.
break;
113.
case 'C':
114.
strcat(bit,"1100");
115.
break;
116.
case 'D':
117.
strcat(bit,"1101");
118.
break;
119.
case 'E':
120.
strcat(bit,"1110");
121.
break;
122.
case 'F':
123.
strcat(bit,"1111");
124.
break;
125.
126.
127.
128.
INPUT:
RLIN.TXT
H COPY 000000 00107A
T 000000 1E FFC 14 0033 48 1039 10 0036 28 0030 30 0015 48 1061 3C 0003 20
002A 1C 0039 30 002D
T 002500 15 E00 1D 0036 48 1061 18 0033 4C 1000 80 1000 60 1003
E 000000
OUTPUT:
Enter the actual starting address : 4000
The contents of output file(RLOUT.TXT):
----------------------------------------------------ADDRESS CONTENT
----------------------------------------------------4000 144033
4003 485039
4006 104036
4009 284030
400c 304015
400f 485061
4012 3c4003
4015 20402a
4018 1c4039
401b 30402d
6503 1d4036
6506 184033
6509 4c1000
650c 801000
650f 601003
Implement pass one of a direct-linking loader

Aim
To implement pass one of a direct-linking loader in C.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
5.
void main()
6.
7.
int i,j,k,pgmaddr,csaddr,cslth=0,z,addr1,l1;
8.
char line[50],name[10],len[10],la[10],addr[10];
9.
FILE *fp1;
10.
clrscr();
11.
printf("Enter the starting address\n");
12.
scanf("%d",&pgmaddr);
13.
csaddr=pgmaddr;
14.
for(k=0;k<2;k++)
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
if(k==0)
fp1=fopen("linkin.txt","r");
if(k==1)
fp1=fopen("linkin1.txt","r");
20.
do
21.
22.
fscanf(fp1,"%s",line);
23.
if(line[0]=='H')
24.
25.
for(i=2,j=0;i<8,j<6;i++,j++)
26.
name[j]=line[i];
27.
name[j]='\0';
28.
for(i=16,j=0;i<20,j<5;i++,j++)
29.
len[j]=line[i];
30.
len[j]='\0';
31.
cslth=atoi(len);
32.
printf("%s\t\t%d\t%s\n",name,csaddr,len);
33.
34.
else if(line[0]=='D')
35.
36.
i=2;
37.
j=0;
38.
do
39.
40.
do
41.
42.
la[j++]=line[i++];
43.
}while(line[i]!='^');
44.
la[j]='\0';
45.
j=0;i++;
46.
do
47.
{addr[j++]=line[i++];
48.
} while(line[i]!='^');
49.
i++;
50.
addr[j]='\0';
51.
addr1=atoi(addr)+csaddr;
52.
j=0;
53.
printf("%s\t\t%d\n",la,addr1);
54.
} while(line[i]!='\0');
55.
56.
else if(line[0]=='R'||'T')
57.
z=0;
58.
else if(line[0]=='E')
59.
fclose(fp1);
60.
}while(!feof(fp1));
61.
csaddr=csaddr+cslth;
62.
}getch();
63.
64.
65.
66.
Input files:
linkin.txt
H^PROGA1^000000^0073
D^LISTA^000024^ENDA^000027^
R^LISTB
T^000000^06^000024^010027
E^000000
linkin1.txt
H^PROGA2^000000^0089
D^LISTB^000047^
Output:
Enter the starting address
Output:
2000
PROGA1
2000
LISTA
2024
ENDA
2027
PROGA2
2073
LISTB
2120
0073
0089
Implement pass two of a direct-linking loader

Aim
To implement pass two of a direct-linking loader in C.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<string.h>
4.
#include<stdlib.h>
5.
void main()
6.
7.
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3;
8.
int csaddr,progaddr,execaddr,cslen,i,j,k=0,staddr1,staddr2,addr2;
9.
int modadr,val1,adr2,outadr1,esadr;
10.
11.
char
outadr[10],adr1[10],name[20],val[10],pname[10],symname[10],adr[10];
char l[10],line[80],len[10],staddr[10],addr[10],addr1[10];
12.
f3=fopen("estab.txt","r");
13.
f2=fopen("dupout.txt","w");
14.
clrscr();
15.
printf("Enter the starting address\n");
16.
scanf("%d",&progaddr);
17.
csaddr=progaddr;
18.
execaddr=progaddr;
19.
do
20.
21.
if(k==0)
22.
f1=fopen("link2in.txt","r");
23.
if(k==1)
24.
f1=fopen("linking2.txt","r");
25.
do
26.
27.
fscanf(f1,"%s",line);
28.
if(line[0]=='H')
29.
30.
for(i=9,j=0;i<15,j<6;i++,j++)
31.
addr[j]=line[i];
32.
addr[j]='\0';
33.
for(i=16,j=0;i<20,j<5;i++,j++)
34.
len[j]=line[i];
35.
len[j]='\0';
36.
37.
cslen=atoi(len);
}
38.
else if(line[0]!='E')
39.
40.
do
41.
42.
43.
if(line[0]=='T')
44.
45.
for(i=2,j=0;i<8,j<6;i++,j++)
46.
staddr[j]=line[i];
47.
staddr[j]='\0';
48.
staddr1=atoi(staddr);
49.
staddr2=staddr1+progaddr;
50.
i=12;
51.
while(line[i]!='$')
52.
53.
if(line[i]!='^')
54.
55.
printf("00%d\t%c%c\n",staddr2,line[i],line[i+1]);
56.
fprintf(f2,"00%d\t%c%c\n",staddr2,line[i],line[i+1]);
57.
staddr2++;
58.
i=i+2;
59.
60.
else
61.
i++;
62.
63.
fclose(f2);
64.
65.
else if(line[0]=='M')
66.
67.
for(i=13,j=0;line[i]!='$',j<5;i++,j++)
68.
name[j]=line[i];
69.
name[j]='\0';
70.
do
71.
72.
fscanf(f3,"%s%s%s%s",pname,symname,adr,l);
73.
if(strcmp(name,symname)==0)
74.
75.
for(i=2,j=0;i<8,j<6;i++,j++)
76.
adr1[j]=line[i];
77.
adr1[j]='\0';
78.
adr2=atoi(adr1);
79.
adr2=adr2+progaddr;
80.
f2=fopen("dupout.txt","r");
81.
fscanf(f2,"%s%s",outadr,val);
82.
printf("The address after modification\n");
83.
do
84.
85.
outadr1=atoi(outadr);
86.
if(adr2==outadr1)
87.
88.
val1=atoi(val);
89.
esadr=atoi(adr);
90.
modadr=val1+esadr;
91.
printf("%s\t\t%d\n",outadr,modadr);
92.
93.
fscanf(f2,"%s%s",outadr,val);
94.
95.
96.
while(!feof(f2));
}
97.
98.
}while(!feof(f3));
99.
100.
}while(line[0]!='E');
101.
102.
else
103.
104.
for(i=2,j=0;i<8,j<6;i++,j++)
105.
addr1[j]=line[i];
106.
addr1[j]='\0';
107.
108.
109.
110.
if(strcmp(addr,addr1)==0)
{
addr2=atoi(addr1);
execaddr=csaddr+cslen;
111.
112.
else
113.
csaddr=csaddr+cslen;
114.
115.
116.
}while(!feof(f1));
117.
k++;
118.
}while(k<=2);
119.
fclose(f1);
120.
fclose(f2);
121.
fclose(f3);
122.
printf("The exec addr is %d",execaddr);
123.
getch();
124.
Input files:
estab.txt
PROGA
0000
0063
LISTA
0023
ENDA
0027
estab.txt
PROGB
0000
0089
LISTB
0047
link2in.txt
H^PROGA^000000^0073
D^LISTA^000023^ENDA^000027^
R^LISTB
T^000000^06^000023^000027$
M^000001^01^+LISTB$
E^000000
Implement a simple text editor with features

like insertion, deletionof a character, word and
sentence
Aim
To implement a simple text editor with features like insertion / deletion
of a character, word, and sentence, in C.
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<process.h>
4.
int i,j,ch;
5.
char fn[20],e,c;
6.
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp;
7.
void Create();
8.
void Append();
9.
void Copy();
10.
void Delete();
11.
void Display();
12.
void main()
13.
14.
do {
15.
clrscr();
16.
printf("\n\t\t***** TEXT EDITOR *****");
17.
printf("\n\n\tMENU:\n\t\n");
18.
printf("\n\t1.CREATE\n\t2.DISPLAY\n\t3.APPEND\n\t4.COPY\n\t5.DELETE\n\t6.EX
IT\n");
19.
printf("\n\tEnter your choice: ");
20.
scanf("%d",&ch);
21.
switch(ch)
22.
23.
case 1:
24.
Create();
25.
break;
26.
case 2:
27.
Display();
28.
break;
29.
case 3:
30.
Append();
31.
break;
32.
case 4:
33.
Copy();
34.
break;
35.
case 5:
36.
Delete();
37.
break;
38.
case 6:
39.
exit(0);
40.
41.
}while(1);
42.
43.
void Create()
44.
45.
fp1=fopen("temp.txt","w");
46.
printf("\n\tEnter the text and press '.' to save\n\n\t");
47.
while(1)
48.
49.
c=getchar();
50.
fputc(c,fp1);
51.
if(c == '.')
52.
53.
fclose(fp1);
54.
break;
55.
56.
}}
57.
58.
void Display()
59.
60.
printf("\n\tEnter the file name: ");
61.
scanf("%s",fn);
62.
fp1=fopen(fn,"r");
63.
if(fp1==NULL)
64.
65.
printf("\n\tFile not found!");
66.
goto end1;
67.
68.
while(!feof(fp1))
69.
70.
c=getc(fp1);
71.
printf("%c",c);
72.
73.
end1:
74.
fclose(fp1);
75.
printf("\n\n\tPress any key to continue\n");
76.
getch();
77.
78.
void Copy()
79.
80.
printf("\n\tEnter the new filenameto copy: ");
81.
scanf("%s",fn);
82.
fp1=fopen("temp.txt","r");
83.
fp2=fopen(fn,"w");
84.
while(!feof(fp1))
85.
86.
c=getc(fp1);
87.
putc(c,fp2);
88.
89.
fclose(fp2);
90.
91.
92.
void Delete()
93.
94.
95.
scanf("%s",fn);
96.
fp1=fopen(fn,"r");
97.
if(fp1==NULL)
98.
99.
100.
goto end2;
101.
102.
fclose(fp1);
103.
if(remove(fn)==0)
104.
105.
printf("\n\n\tFile has been deleted successfully!");
106.
goto end2;
107.
108.
else
109.
printf("\n\tError!\n");
110.
end2: printf("\n\n\tPress any key to continue\n");
111.
getch();
112.
113.
114.
void Append()
115.
116.
117.
scanf("%s",fn);
118.
fp1=fopen(fn,"r");
119.
if(fp1==NULL)
120.
121.
122.
fclose(fp1);
123.
goto end3;
124.
125.
while(!feof(fp1))
126.
127.
c=getc(fp1);
128.
printf("%c",c);
129.
130.
fclose(fp1);
131.
printf("\n\tType the text and press Ctrl+S to append.\n");
132.
fp1=fopen(fn,"a");
133.
while(1)
134.
135.
c=getch();
136.
if(c==19)
137.
goto end3;
138.
if(c==13)
139.
140.
c='\n';
141.
printf("\n\t");
142.
fputc(c,fp1);
143.
144.
else
145.
146.
printf("%c",c);
147.
fputc(c,fp1);
148.
149.
150.
end3: fclose(fp1);
151.
152.
getch();
153.
154.
Implement a symbol table with suitable

hashing
Aim
To implement a symbol table with suitable hashing in C
Source
1.
#include<stdio.h>
2.
#include<conio.h>
3.
#include<stdlib.h>
4.
#include<string.h>
5.
#define MAX 11
6.
char l[10];
7.
struct symb
8.
9.
int add;
10.
char label[10];
11.
}sy[11];
12.
void search();
13.
void main()
14.
15.
int a[MAX],num,key,i,ch;
16.
char ans;
17.
int create(int);
18.
void lprob(int [],int,int);
19.
void display(int []);
20.
clrscr();
21.
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
22.
a[i]=0;
23.
do
24.
25.
printf("\nenter your choice: 1.create a symbol table 2.search in the symbol

table\n");
26.
scanf("%d",&ch);
27.
switch(ch)
28.
29.
case 1:
30.
do
31.
32.
printf("\nEnter the address:");
33.
scanf("%d",&num);
34.
key=create(num);
35.
printf("enter The label:");
36.
scanf("%s",l);
37.
lprob(a,key,num);
38.
printf("\nContinue(y/n)?");
39.
ans=getche();
40.
41.
while(ans=='y');
42.
display(a);
43.
break;
44.
case 2:
45.
search();
46.
break;
47.
48.
}while(ch<=2);
49.
getch();
50.
51.
52.
int create(int num)
53.
54.
int key;
55.
key=num%11;
56.
return key;
57.
58.
59.
void lprob(int a[MAX],int key,int num)
60.
61.
int flag,i,count=0;
62.
void display(int a[]);
63.
flag=0;
64.
if(a[key]==0)
65.
66.
a[key]=num;
67.
sy[key].add=num;
68.
strcpy(sy[key].label,l);
69.
70.
else
71.
72.
i=0;
73.
while(i<MAX)
74.
75.
if(a[i]!=0)
76.
count++;
77.
i++;
78.
79.
if(count==MAX)
80.
81.
printf("\nHash table is full");
82.
display(a);
83.
getch();
84.
exit(1);
85.
86.
for(i=key+1;i<MAX;i++)
87.
if(a[i]==0)
88.
89.
a[i]=num;
90.
flag=1;
91.
sy[key].add=num;
92.
93.
break;
94.
95.
for(i=0;i<key && flag==0;i++)
96.
if(a[i]==0)
97.
98.
a[i]=num;
99.
flag=1;
100.
sy[key].add=num;
101.
102.
break;
103.
104.
105.
106.
void display(int a[MAX])
107.
108.
FILE *fp;
109.
int i;
110.
fp=fopen("symbol.txt","w");
111.
printf("\nThe Symbol Table is");
112.
printf("\nhashvalues address label");
113.
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
114.
115.
printf("\n%d\t %d\t %s",i,sy[i].add,sy[i].label);
116.
fprintf(fp,"\n%d %d %s",i,sy[i].add,sy[i].label);
117.
118.
fclose(fp);
119.
120.
121.
void search()
122.
123.
FILE *fp1;
124.
char la[10];
125.
int set=0,s;
126.
int j,i;
127.
printf("enter the label: ");
128.
scanf("%s",la);
129.
fp1=fopen("symbol.txt","r");
130.
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
131.
132.
fscanf(fp1,"%d%d",&j,&sy[i].add);
133.
if(sy[i].add!=0)
134.
fscanf(fp1,"%s",sy[i].label);
135.
136.
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
137.
138.
if(sy[i].add!=0)
139.
140.
if(strcmp(sy[i].label,la)==0)
141.
142.
set=1;
143.
s=sy[i].add;
144.
145.
146.
147.
if(set==1)
148.
printf("\nThe label --%s-- is present in the symbol table at address:%d\n",la,s);
149.
else
150.
printf("\nThe label is not present in the symbol table\n");
151.
152.
enter your choice: 1.create a symbol table 2.search in the symbol table
1
Enter the address:1000
enter The label:data
Continue(y/n)?y
enter The label:data1
Continue(y/n)?y
enter The label:data2
Continue(y/n)? n
The Symbol Table is

hashvalues
address
1003
1007
label
data1
data2
hashvalues
address
label
10
1000
data
2
enter the label: data
The label --data-- is present in the symbol table at address:1000
2
enter the label: data4
The label is not present in the symbol table

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void lprob(int [],int,int);

void display(int []);

printf("\nenter your choice: 1.create a symbol table 2.search in the symbol

printf("\nEnter the address:");

printf("enter The label:");

int create(int num)

void lprob(int a[MAX],int key,int num)

void display(int a[]);

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void display(int a[MAX])

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printf("\nhashvalues address label");

printf("\n%d\t %d\t %s",i,sy[i].add,sy[i].label);

printf("enter the label: ");

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The Symbol Table is

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