PIPE STRESS

FUNDAMENTALS

PIPE STRESS MODULES

BASIC CONCEPT

TYPES OF STRESS

ASME STANDARDS FOR PIPING

ALLOWABLE STRESS AS PER CODE

NOZZLE LOAD LIMITING CODES

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS

BASIC CONCEPT
LOAD

STRESS

RESISTANCE DEVELOPED IN THE MATERIAL AGAINST APPLIED LOAD

TYPES OF LOAD

PRIMARY LOAD

SECONDARY LOAD

 PRIMARY LOADS

ALL SUSTAIN TYPE OF LOADS

DEAD WEIGHT

PRESSURE

OCCASIONAL LOAD (SESMIC / WIND)

SECONDARY LOADS

LOADS DUE TO DISPLACEMENT

THERMAL DISPLACEMENT

DISPLACEMENT DUE TO TANK SETTELMENT

MOVEMENT DUE TO VIBRATION

TYPES OF STRESS

PRIMARY STRESS

SUSTAIN STRESS

OCCASIONAL STRESS

NOT SELF LIMITING / NON CYCLIC

SECONDARY STRESS

EXPANSION STRESS

STRESS DUE TO VIBRATION

SELF LIMITING / CYCLIC IN NATUR

ANSI STANDARDS FOR PIPING

ASME B31.3

:-

PROCESS PIPING

ASME B31.1

:-

POWER PIPING

ASME B31.4

:-

ASME B31.8 :-

PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR

LIQUID HYDROCARBON & OTHER LIQUID.
GAS TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTOR
PIPING SYSTEM

STRESS AS PER CODE

2
2
Fax 1000 * (ii M i ) (io M o )
PDo
SL

Sh
Am
Z
4t

S E Sb 4St S A

Expansion stress
range
As per 31.3 code

SE = Expansion stress range K Pa

Sb = Resultant bending stress
St = Torsion stress
= 1000 * Mt / 2Z
SA = Allowable expansion stress range
SA = f(1.25Sc + 0.25Sh) --- Sc and S h are available in
table A1 of 31.3 code

PDo 1000 * 0.75iM A 1000 * 0.75iM B

KS h
4t
Z
Z

Sustain stress
As per 31.3 code
Where:- SL = Sum of longitudinal stress due
to wt., pr., and other sustain loadings
Fax = Axial force due to sustain loading
Am = Metal cross section area (mm2)
ii , io, = In-plane and out-plane stress
intensification factor
Mi Mo = In-plant & out-plane bending moment
due to sustain loading in (N-mm)
Z = Section modulus, (mm3)
t = Nominal thickness (mm)
Sh = Basic allowable stress at the operating
temp. (KPa)

Occasional stress
As per 31.1 code

As per ASME B 31.3 code under clause 302.3.6 only states that the
SUM OF LONGITUDINAL STRESSES DUE TO SUSTAINED AND OCCASIONAL LOADS
SHALL NOT EXCEED 1.33 TIMES THE BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESS i.e. < K Sh

ALLOWABLE STRESS AS PER CODE

ALLOWABLE STRESS IN CODE ARE BASES ON MATERIAL PROPERTIES
As per the ASME B31.1 ( Minimum of )

1/4TH OF UTS OF MATERIAL AT OPERATING TEMPERATURE

1/4TH OF UTS OF MATERIAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

5/8TH OF YIELD STRENGTH OF THE MATERIAL AT OPE TEMPERATURE

5/8TH IF YIELD STRENGTH OF THE MATERIAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

As per the ASME B31.3 ( Minimum of )

1/3RD OF UTS OF MATERIAL AT OPERATING TEMPERATURE

1/3RD OF UTS OF MATERIAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

2/3TH OF YIELD STRENGTH OF THE MATERIAL AT OPE TEMPERATURE.

2/3TH IF YIELD STRENGTH OF THE MATERIAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

NOZZLE LOAD LIMITING CODES

Centrifugal pumps API 610 / ISO 5199

Centrifugal compressors API 617

Reciprocating compressors API 618

Steam turbines NEMA SM 23

Air cooled heat exchanger API 661

Fired heaters API 560

PURPOSE OF STRESS ANALYSIS

LIMITING THE STRESSES AS PER RELEVANT CODE

LIMITING THE DEFLECTION SAG AND FOULING

LIMITING THE EQUIPMENT NOZZLE LOAD

ESTIMATION OF LOAD FOR DESIGNING PIPE SUPPORTS

TO CHECK THE PROPER FLEXIBILITY OF PIPING SYSTEM

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS

INPUT REQUIRED

SOFTWARE USED CAESAR II , 4.5 VER.

LOAD CASES TO BE ANALYSED

OUTPUT OF STRESS ANALYSIS

INPUT REQUIRED

STRESS ISOMETRICS

LDT AND P & ID

EQUIPMENT GA DRAWING

MECHANICAL DATASHEET

SOFTWARE USED CAESAR-II ,4.5 VER

PIPING INPUT

CAESAR SPREADSHEET

NODES
DIMENSION

SIZE

MATERIAL

THICKNESS
CORR.
ALLOW
INSL
THK
DGN TEMP.
OPE TEMP
DGN PR.

FLUID DENSITY
INSL DENSITY

HYDRO PR.

SUPPORT MODELLING

SUPPORT

EXAMPLE OF SUPPORT ON PIPE

Gravity Rest Support

VARIOUS TYPES OF OTHER

SUPPORTS

Spring Supports Variable and Constant effort

LOAD CASES TO BE ANALYSED

BATCH RUN

RESULT OF ANALYSIS

OUTPUT OF STRESS ANALYSIS

STRESS ISOMETRIC WITH MARK UP
LOAD SUMMARY SHEET
DATASHEET FOR PIPE SUPPORTS
SPS DRAWING