igor kekelia,

sofiko gawerelia,
xaTuna Zaria

kvlav Tanj- fuZiani toponimebis

mniSvnelobisaTvis

saTanjo mTis saxelwodebaa samurzayanoSi. mis irgvliv galis raionis

xuTi sofeli - ocarce, Wuburxinji, Wyonxumla, dixazurga da pirveli
akvaRaa ganlagebuli.
oronim ,,saTanjos" etimologias sxvadasxva dros araerTi mkvlevari
Sexebia (i.yifSiZe, T.beraZe, k.samuSia, j.rogava, a.tuRuSi, z.WumburiZe,
J.laSxia, p.cxadaia, v.jojua, m.naWyebia...).
z. WumburiZis ganmartebiT, ramdenime soflis sazRvarze mdebareobis
gamo unda darqmeoda mTas saTanjo (Tarji, Tanji ,,zRude" ,,galavani",
,,sazRvari") (z. WumburiZe, 1987, gv. 494). v. zuxbaias varaudiT, saTanjo
igive ,,sasazRvroa", xolo a. tuRuSis mixedviT, es mTa da masze
aRmarTuli oTxsarTuliani koSki warmoadgenda saniSnes, sadac afxazTa
moTareSe razmebis gamoCenisas inTeboda koconi da mosaxleobas mtris
moaxloeba kvamlis meSveobiT ecnobeboda (a. tuRuSi, 1998, gv. 206-207). es
mosazreba gaiziara mkvlevarma m. naWyebiam, romelic wers: ,,toponimSi devs
miniSnebis, miTiTebis semantika,ramdenadac maRal mTaze aRmarTuli koSki
TiTqmis mTeli baris samegrelos gadahyurebs da aq danTebuli koconis
meSveobiT igebda mTeli samegrelo gaafsarebuli afxazebis moTareSe
razmebis gamoCenas da saomar Tadarigs iWerda" (m. naWyebia, 2008, gv. 214).
magram saqme isaa, rom saTanjo werilobiT wyaroebSi ufro adre
moixsenieba, vidre am mxareSi afsarebi gamoCndebodnen. XVII saukunis
italieli misioneri arqanjelo lamberti samegrelos ,,yvelaze ukanasknel
mdinared" kodors miuTiTebs. kodor-enguris SuamdinareTis mkvidri
mosaxleobis sruliad gaafxazeba da ZirZveli kolxurenovani toponimiis
substratis saxiT SemorCena gviandeli, XVIII saukunis movlenaa. galis
raionSi afxazTa namyofobis dasturad ramdenime aTeuli afxazuri
toponimikuri superstratia Cawerili (p. cxadaia, v. jojua, 2003, gv. 4).
miTiTebuli oronimi qarTul da ucxour saistorio werilobiT
wyaroebSi sami formiT gvxvdeba: sant-anjelo (i. barTolomei, vl.
alfeniZe), sadac italiel misionerTa savaWro faqtorias miuTiTeben;
sabanjo (XVIII s-is osmalo istorikosis - CemSi mustafa zades Txzuleba)
da saTanji (saTangi - arqanjelo lambertisa da e. w. laTinurenovani
rukebi; TariRdeba 1654 wliT).
mkvlevari T. beraZec saTanjoSi XIII-XV saukuneebSi genuelTa
savaWro kolonias varaudobda (T. beraZe, 1984, gv.40).
ocarceSi, Wyonxumlasa da WuburxinjSi mdebare dabal sers, romelic
saTanjos Crdilo-aRmosavleT da samxreT ganStoebas warmoadgens,
saTanjoS borki ewodeba. borki megrulSi ,,fexs; ,,tots" niSnavs.
CvenTvis saintereso SemTxvevaSi leqsikur erTeuls orografiuli
mniSvneloba SeuZenia da aRniSnavs ,,mTis tots, mTis bolos".
saTanjoS borkis daboloebas eriswylis marjvena mxares saTanjoS
kudeli ewodeba (megr. kudeli ,,kudi"); saTanjoS kunTxu soflis
kuTxis saxelwodebaa Wuburxinjis sazRvarTan, sadac gasuli saukunis 30-ian
wlebSi rkinigzis baqanisTvis saTanjo daurqmeviaT. saTanjoSqvinji
"saTanjosZiri" saTanjos mTisZirebs hqvia (dixazurga). saTanjoS jixa Sua
saukuneebis (VIII-XII) cixe-simagrea WuburxinjSi, saTanjos mTaze (p.
cxadaia, v. jojua, 2003, gv. 154-155).
megrul xalxur poeziaSic mTis saxelwodeba ,,saTanjos" formiT
ixsenieba: saTanjo sarkili do dixazurga-munafili, Teli
gaxarebuli do Rurelefi-Cxonafili!... ,,saTanjo mowmendili,
dixazurga -moRrubluli, cocxali gaxarebuli da micvalebulebi
cxonebulni [yofiliyvnen]".
xalxuri gadmocemiT, saTanjos cixe Zvelad satanjavi adgili yofila
da cixesac amitom darqmevia satanjo (k. samuSia, 1990, gv. 133).
Tanj- leqsemas megrulSi ramdenime mniSvneloba SeuZenia. mivmarToT
o. qajaias ,,megrul-qarTul leqsikons": ,,Tanji (Tanjis) Tarji; sazRvris
niSani, sazRvari (i. yifSiZe.); sasazRvro niSani, samani (s. makal., gv. 235 )".
Tanjua (Tanjuas) saxeli Tanjuns zmnisa - sazRvris, niSnis dadeba, -
Tarjva" (o. qajaia, 2002, gv. 37). g. eliavasTan Tangi ,,mijnaa, gadazomili
manZilia". iqve moyvanilia sailustracio masala: Te adgili aTaSi re
Tangili ,,es adgili asea daTajuli, damijnuli" (g. eliava, 1997, gv. 170).
Tangi igive ,,Targia", xolo Tangua - saxeli Tanguns zmnisa, o.
qajaias ,,megrul-qarTul leqsikonSi" ganmartebulia, rogorc: 1. Wra:
Targze aWra. 2. damRis dasma. ,,Tanguns (doTanguns - gaWris, damRas
dausvams; doTangu - gaWra, damRa daaso; douTangu - gauWria, damRa
dausvams; donoTangue(n) gaWrida, damRas daasvamda Turme). grdm. Wris;
damRas asvams. maTangali mimR. moqm. "damRis damsmeli; momWreli". oTangali
mimR. vneb. my. "mosaWreli, damRadasasmeli"; Tangili mimR. vneb. wars.
"damRadasmuli; moWrili" (o. qajaia, 2002, gv. 36).
Taji, Tanji megrulSi aRniSnavs agreTve ,,Sav daRs; tanjvas; eSmaks".
SelocvebSi swored tanjvis, eSmakis mniSvnelobiT figurirebs: mele-mole
foTqi uCa, Teq miToxe Taji uCa ,,aqeT-iqiT darania,iq zis Savi tanjva
(eSmaki)" (i. kekelia, 2008, gv. 54).
levan V dadianis mier 1819 wels gamocemul sigelSi Tanji da Tarji
,,sazRvar-samanis, mijnis" mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli: ,,...Cems mdivanbegs,
saxlTuxucesis Zes Ciqovans rostomsa da Ciqovans manuCars da Cems magier
kacs xvitias sabaias kaxaTs sayane miwa gavaTanjvine....…da romelic
SemoTarjulia mogarTviT imas SigniT yovlis kacis xelSeuxeblad da
sakuTrad mogvicemia" (j. rogava, 1981, gv. 72-73).
amdenad, Tangi, Tanji da Tarji megrulSi igivea, rac ,,sazRvari;
samani; mijna; daRi; damRa; tanjva; eSmaki (mCxibavi)".
 sainteresoa, romelia ,saTanjos" amosavali, ZiriTadi mniSvneloba?
rogorc aRvniSneT, mkvlevarTa erTi nawili oronimis Sinaarss
,,sazRvris,sasazRvro obieqtis" mniSvnelobiT gaiazrebs (z. WumburiZe, v.
zuxbaia); zogierTs miaCnia, rom saTanjo warmoadgenda erTgvar saniSnes,
orientirs, rogorc pirveli maRali adgili kolxeTis dablobisa da
mTianeTis sazRvarze, zRvispireTidan mTisken mimavali mgzavrebisaTvis (j.
rogava, p. cxadaia, v. jojua, m. naWyebia). ,,adreul periodSi, - wers k.
samuSia, - mas saTvalTvalod da orientirebisaTvis iyenebdnen kolxeTis
uRran tyeSi gasuli monadireebi Tu sxvadasxva saqmiT dainteresebuli da
am kuTxeSi mosiaruleni. misi aseTi mdebareobis gamo SeiZleba wodeboda
,,saTanjo" - misaniSnebeli an saTvalTvalo adgili... ufro sarwmunoa, rom,
gadmocemaTa mixedviT, es mTa amindis sacnobad hqondaT gamoyenebulio.
saTanjos Txems Tu Rrubeli dafaravs, varaudoben, cudi amindi iqneboda.
mwvervalis mowmenda ki daris niSani yofila" (k. samuSia, 1990, gv. 132-133).
saTanjos mTis saxelwodeba semantikurad SesaZlebelia
ukavSirdebodes xis Semokodvas gaxmobis mizniT, xisTvis qerqis Semoclas.
am mniSvnelobiT samegreloSi ,,nakaka" da "kakilic" gamoiyeneba da
,,nakods", ,,nayvers" niSnavs (p. cxadaia, 1999, gv. 33-34).
sakuTari mamulis, tyis SemosazRvris an uRran tyeSi siarulisas
orientaciis mizniT icodnen Tanjua ,,xis daWdeveba". najaxiT, daniT an
sxva iaraRiT xis qerqs dakodavdnen, niSans amokveTdnen an qerqs
Semoaclidnen, xes moniSnavdnen.
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa abaSis municipalitetis sof. naesakaoSi
Cawerili toponimi saTanji, romelsac dazustebuli lokalizaciis gareSe
miuTiTebs g. eliava da ganmartavs, rogorc ,,gasayof, gasamijn adgils" (g.
eliava, 1977, gv. 52).
Cxorowyus municipalitetis sof. xanwkSi (nafiCxovos Temi) Cawerilia
mikrotoponimi mTavrobaS ja // naTanja ja. ase ewodeba Txmelis xes
diWyes xeobaSi, morgoSiebis gvariT dasaxlebul ubanSi. gadmocemiT,
geologebs Txmelis xe raRacis niSnad dauWdevebiaT. moWrisa da gasxepis
uflebas aravis aZlevdnen. amitom adgils mTavrobaS ja // naTanja ja
,,mTavrobis xe, Wdedadebuli xe" darqmevia (p. cxadaia, 2008, gv. 215).

damowmebuli literatura

T. beraZe, 1984 - T. beraZe, saTanjos cixe, qarTuli sabWoTa

enciklopedia, X, 1984.
g. eliava, 1977 - g. eliava, abaSisa da gegeWkoris raionebis
toponimika, Tb., 1977.
g. eliava, 1997 - g. eliava, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni (masalebi), Tb.,
1997.
 i. kekelia, 2008 - i. kekelia, masalebi megrul-qarTuli
leqsikonisaTvis, Jurn. ,,kulturaTaSorisi komunikaciebi", #5, 2008.
s. makalaTia, 1941 - s. makalaTia, samegrelos istoria da eTnografia,
Tb., 1941.
m. naWyebia, 2008 - m. naWyebia, Tanj- fuZis istoriul-semantikuri
analizi, kreb. ,qarTveluri memkvidreoba, t. XII, Tb., 2008.
j. rogava, 1981 - j. rogava, saTanjos saxelwodebis mniSvnelobisaTvis,
Jurn. ,,istoria, geografia skolaSi", #4, 1981.
k. samuSia, 1990 - k. samuSia, kolxeTis zogierTi geografiuli saxeli
zepirsityvierebaSi, wignSi: qarTuli zepirsityviereba (megruli nimuSebi),
Tb., 1990.
a. tuRuSi, 1998 - a. tuRuSi, erTi megruli toponimis wakiTxvisaTvis
Turqul wyaroebSi (mcire SeniSvna), ,,enguri", #1-2, zugdidi, 1998.
o. qajaia, 2002 - o. qajaia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, t. II-III, Tb.,
2002.
p. cxadaia, v. jojua, 2003 - p. cxadaia, v. jojua, samurzayanos
geografiuli saxelwodebani, Tb., 2003.
p. cxadaia, 2004 - p. cxadaia, samurzayanos istoriuli da
Tanamedrove toponimia (enaTmecnieruli gamokvleva), Tb., 2004.
p. cxadaia, 1999 - p. cxadaia, Ziebani kolxeTis toponimiidan, I, Tb.,
1999.
p. cxadaia, 2008 - p. cxadaia, samegrelos geografiuli saxelwodebani,
IV, Tb., 2008.
z. WumburiZe, 1987 - z. WumburiZe, dedaena qarTuli, Tb., 1987.
mustafa zadi, 1959 - Gezmi-Zade Mustafa res, Gezmi-zade Terihi, Hazizlayan
bekir Kuntukoglu, Istambul,1959.

IGOR KEKELIA, SOPHIKO GATSERELIA,

KHATUNA DZIRIA

ON THE MEANING OF TANJ- STEM PLACE-NAMES

Satanjo is the name of mountain in Samurzakano. Five villages of Gali district are
located around the mountain. The etymology of Satanjo was discussed several times by
specialists (I.Kipshidze, T.Beradze, K.Samushia, J.Rogava, A.Tughushi, Z.Chumburidze,
P.Tskhadaia, V.Jojua, M.Nachkhebia…)
Lexeme tanj has acquired certain meanings. The name of the mountain can be
related semantically to the circum-cutting of a tree bark for withering purpose or for
removing its bark.
To confine their own estate or private wood or to orientate through the rough wood
the locals cut marks on the tree with an axe or knife or some other tools.
In this view we find interesting a micro-toponym "mtavrobash ja//natanja ja" (a
tree of government, marked tree), in the village of Khantska of Chkhorotsku district.