igor kekelia

sagvareulo jgufuri metsaxelebis Seswavlis sakiTxisaTvis

(samegrelos eTnologiuri masalebis Suqze)

jgufuri anu koleqtiuri metsaxeli adamianTa garkveuli jgufis

aRmniSvneli sakuTari saxelia, romelic SeiZleba daerqvas sagvareulos,
gvars an gvarTa ganayofs, sofels an soflis SigniT gvarTa dasaxlebas -
ubans, ojaxs, eTnikur jgufs da a.S. (p. cxadaia, 1988, gv. 132-133).
jgufuri metsaxeli araoficialuri (pirobiTi) anTroponimia,
romelsac namdvil gvarsaxelTan an pirsaxelTan erTad atarebs esa Tu is
adamiani. sagvareulo jgufuri metsaxelis sicocxlisunarianoba ufro
xangrZlivia, vidre individualuri (erTi piris) metsaxelisa, vinaidan
ojaxis ufrosis metsaxeli zogjer socialur mniSvnelobas iZens da mTeli
ojaxis sakuTrebad iqceva, SeiZleba memkvidreobiT gadaeces STamomavals,
rogorc gvaris gantoteba.
gvaris metsaxelis, metgvaris Sesatyvisi terminebia Tikuni da
Serqmeuli saxeli. qarTluri dialeqtis kilokavebSi metsaxelur
gantotebas ,,saubno gvars” an ,,saxinjars” uwodeben. es ukanaskneli sityva
xinj, maxinj leqsemidanaa miRebuli (al. Rlonti, 1986, gv. 43).
samegreloSi am mniSvnelobiT ,,keli”//,,ki(l) i” ixmareba. sulxan-sabas
ganmartebiT, kilis erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa ,,mcire ram wuni” (sulxan-saba,
1928, gv. 169). samegreloSic keli//kili//kHli//kii igivea, rac nakli; wuni.
Tumca aRniSnuli sityva zustad mainc ver gamoxatavs jgufuri
anTroponimis, CvenTvis saintereso SemTxvevaSi-gvaris metsaxelis Sinaarss,
vinaidan jgufuri anTroponimis motivacia zogjer xeloba-mosaqmeobis
amsaxvelia, gamoxatavs socialur statuss, aRniSnavs warmomavloba-
sadaurobas da a.S.
amjerad warmovadgenT martvilis municipalitetis moswavle-
axalgazrdobis saxlis istoria-mxareTmcodneobis kabinetis mier 2007-2008
wlebSi organizebuli samecniero eqspediciisa da individualuri
gasvlebis gziT mopovebuli jgufuri metsaxelebis mcire nawils
sof. inCxurSi mcxovreb baCilavebs (adg. varianti baCia) metsaxelad
hqviaT uxaru karCxaeS maWkomaefi. xarua igivea, rac ,,gamofatvra,
gamoSigvna’’, xolo karCxaia//karCxae zool. Tevzia, kobrisebrTa rigisa (o.
qajaia, 2002, gv. 111). uxaru karCxaeS maWkomaefi ,,gamoufatravi karCxanis
mWamelebi’’.
gabunia erT-erTi mravalricxovani gvaria. saqarTvelos masStabiT 46-e
adgili uWiravs (6389 suli). gabuniebi cxovroben banZaSi (60komli),
gezaTSi (43), sujunaSi (17), orsantiaSi (12), CxoriaSi (11), qv.qvalonSi (9),
najaxavoSi (8), didineZSi (7), maranSi (7), SamgonaSi (7), TamakonSi (6),
kurzuSi (6), walenjixasa (6) da a.S. (p. cxadaia, 2000, gv. 65).
legabune // egabune gabuniebis dasaxlebaa sofel banZaSi, md. abaSis
marcxena napiras. banZeli gabuniebi faRavebis aznaurebi iyvnen (o. soselia,
1981, gv. 190; i. kekelia, 2007, gv. 26). gvaris erT-erTi metsaxelia ,,didi
gabuniefi”. iyvnen glexebic, magram ,,did gabuniebad” mxolod wodebiT
aznaurebi iTvlebodnen.
onoRieli darjaniebis sagvareulo jgufur metsaxelad CaviwereT
kodoreS maWkomaefi. kodore ,,megrul-qarTuli leqsikonis” mixedviT
zool. kodalaa (o. qajaia, 2002, gv. 154). kodoreS maWkomaefi ,,kodalis
mWamelebi”. xalxuri motivacia aseTia: mezobel sofelSi stumrad misul
darjaniasTvis maspinZels kodalas Semwvari xorci miurTmevia.
banZeli kekeliebis jgufuri metsaxelia wiariS narsxefi
(gasaWiridan mwevris mier daxsnili). amasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso
gadmocema arsebobs: ,,banZel tutu kekelias daTesili hqonda RomisRomi,
romelsac viRac Cumad uTelavda. daudarajda da am saZraxi saqmis Camdeni
- Tavadi faRava daiWira, romelic Romis yanaSi miminoTi mwyerze
nadirobda, da gaaZeva. Seuracxyofilma Tavadma dadianTan daasmina -tutu
kekeliam mcemao. gawyra samegrelos mTavari - glexma batons cema rogor
gaubedao da brZaneba gasca - tutu kekelia mkacrad daesajaT. es
ukanaskneli naxunaos mTebSi, naTesavebTan miimala. gavida dro. iqidan
mTavars mwevari ZaRli gamougzavna saCuqrad da ZaRlis wamyvans sTxova,
rom ar gaemJRavnebina ZaRlis gamomgzavnis vinaoba.
dadians Zlier gauxarda da ikiTxa - vinc am ZaRliT damasaCuqra, mas
xariT davasaCuqreb, miTxariT, vin aris is pirovnebao. vinaoba ar
gaumxiles. tutus mier gamogzavnili mwevari dadianis yvela mwevars
sjobda; amitom mTavarsac Zalian moswonda. cota xnis Semdeg Ciqovanma da
gegeWkorma dadians moaxsenes, rom mwevriT misgan Serisxulma faRavas ymam
daasaCuqra. ,,wiarq irsxua” (mwevarma ixsnao) - gascinebia mTavars da tutu
kekelias devna Seuwyvetia” (grigol antonis Ze kekelias mogoneba; inaxeba
CvenTan) (i. kekelia, 2007, gv. 36).
sxva gadmocemiT, kekelia samegrelos mTavar dadianis ,,mejoRore”
(meZaRle), ,,joRoriS maZaxine” yofila. dadians Tan axlda nadirobisas,
rogorc mareki (tyidan nadiris gamomlalavi). mTavars keTili
samsaxurisTvis ymobidan gauTavisuflebia da banZaSi, Saurkaris eklesiis
SemogarenSi dausaxlebia (joRoriS maZaxine ,,ZaRlis damZaxebeli’’;
momvleli’’).
kveselavebis gvars ori jgufuri metsaxeli aqvs: martvilel
kveselavebs garefi//gaurefi//gaSarefi ewodebaT (seridan Camosaxlebulni.
martvilis monastris samxreT ferdobze ucxovriaT da Semdeg abaSis
marcxena napirze, vakeze Camosaxlebulan). lexaindravoel kveselavebs
xamsaS maWkomaefi hqviaT (xamsa Tevzis erT-erTi saxeobaa; xamsaS
maWkomaefi ,,Tevzis mWamelebi’’) (i. kekelia, 2009, gv. 54).
lekotie ubania banZis TemSi, lequTeesa da lefaRaves Sua, sadac
kotias gvaris 42 komli cxovrobs. asiko kotias gadmocemiT, Tavdapirveli
gvari kodua yofila, romelic senakis raionidan Camosaxlebula. kotias
gvaris winamorbedi jiniani (Jiniani) kaci yofila. misi axirebuli xasiaTis
gamo gvars jgufur metsaxelad jinianefi Seerqva. iro mudgasien
deejinendH, iro Sxvas ojinudu do TiSen joxo jiniani ,,sul raRacas
daiJinebda, sul sxvas ejibreboda da amitom hqvia ,,jiniani”. es sityva
Jinianis, jiutis, Wirveulis, usminaris, jibrianis Sesatyvisia (Sdr.
andazebi: nosaq nosaS jiniSeni qila jimu oWkomua ,,rZalma rZlis jibrze
fuTi marili SeWamao”; jinian koc muSi jinianoba safuleSa genaGununia
,,jinian kacs Tavisi jinianoba saflavSi Cahyvebao” (T. saxokia, 1989, gv. 252;
xalx. sibrZne, 1994, gv. 193).
nageberavoeli da banZeli kokaiebis jgufuri metsaxelia moWvaS
dudiS maWkomaefi (kruxis Tavis mWamelebi). xalxuri motivacia:
,,Raribebi iyvnen, magram stumarTmoyvareni. stumars qaTmis xorciT
gaumaspinZldebodnen, TviTon ki dakluli dedlis Tavs jerdebodnen,
oRond stumarTan sircxvili ar eWamaT” (mTxrobeli daviT xutas Ze
kokaia, dabadebuli 1948 wels, sof. banZaSi).
pataraia mravalricxovani gvaria. kompaqturi dasaxlebaa banZaSi (83
komli), sadac ubans lepatare // pataraiaS muxuri hqvia. banZeli
pataraiebis jgufuri metsaxelia Gujapataraiefi//GujburdRamefi (zogi
Stogvarad, ,,dinod” miiCnevs).
,,Guja”, ,,Gujali” sityvas megrulSi ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs.
mivmarToT leqsikons: ,,Guja’’ (Gujas) 1. didyura, farToyurebiani; 2.
uyuradRebo; yru; 3. briyvi, regveni, suleli, gamoucdeli. Guja qoTomi
yurebi mTlad bumbuliT rom aqvs dafaruli, iseTi qaTami” (o. qajaia,
2002, gv. 238).
paraleluri formaa GujburdRami // GujburdRamefi // GujburdRa
pataraiefi da iTargmneba rogorc ,,yurbalniani”, ,,yurze xSiri balnis
mqone”.
saTanado motivaciis SemTxvevaSi misaRebad gveCveneba yvela varianti:
1. ,,Guja” (Gujali, Guji-fira, Guji-fiCa) _ didyura, farToyurebiani; 2.
uyuradRebo, usminari, yru; 3. regveni, suleli, briyvi, undili, ufxo,
mouxerxebeli, uWkuo; 4. visac yurebi balniT aqvs dafaruli (i. kekelia,
a. foniava, 2008, gv. 177).
ruruebis gvaris ZiriTad samkvidros ori momijnave sofeli - orqa
(vedidkaris Temi, martvilis municipaliteti) da sefieTi (abaSis
municipaliteti) warmoadgens. orqeli ruruebi ZiriTadad saxloben abaSis
marcxena napirze mdebare ubnebSi-tobeSiS samoxiosa da kiTabanaSi
(//WiTabana). tobeSiS samoxios mkvidrT WHfana ruruebs, xolo
kiTabanelebs boxo ruruefs eZaxian. Wifana (WHfana), Wife (WHfe)
megrulad igivea, rac ,,patara; wvrili; viwro”, xolo boxo ,,msxvils,
dids’’ niSnavs. xalxuri motivaciis mixedviT, Wifana ruruebi tanad
patarebi da fizikurad susti aRnagobisani arian, xolo kiTabanel
ruruebs msxvilmajianobis, dabali da mkvrivi aRnagobis gamo ewodaT
boxoefi, boxo ruruefi. jumukief rena ,,jmuxebi (Cafskvnil-Casxmulebi)
arian”.
saruruo ubania sefieTSi. gadmocemiT, aqauri ruruebi XIX
saukuneSi gadmosaxlebulan sof. orqidan. sefieTeli ruruebis jgufuri
metsaxelia jugefi//jukefi. juga, jugaia, juka, jukia, juku da jukuia
megruli aTroponimebia. jugas janmagar, Zvalmsxvil da Ronier, Cafskvnil,
jmux adamianze ityvian. gamoricxuli araa, rom juga, iseve rogorc Wifana
da boxo, gvaris winamorbedis fizikuri maxasiaTeblis gamo SerCeuli
sagvareulo metsaxeli, an sulac anTroponimi iyos.
lexaindravoeli sanaiebis jgufur metsaxelad CaviwereT
gurwindamefi // windamefi. winda "WuWys" niSnavs, windami - "WuWyiani".
xalxuri motivacia: 1. ,,wyenis gulSi Camdebi, guljavriani, RvarZliani,
boRmiani; Secdomas rom ar gapatiebs, iseTi’’ (mTxrobeli podisti antonis
Ze sanaia, Cawerilia 2007 wels); 2.,,iro muSendes do tans winda goZudes
,,sul muSaobdnen da tanze WuWyi edoT (WuWyianebi iyvnen)’’.
senakis municipalitetis sofel focxoSi mcxovrebi sanaiebis
metsaxelia mekvercxe sanaiefi (kvercxebiT movaWreni).
nagvazavoeli surmavebis (adg. gamoTqmiT surma) jgufuri metsaxelia
mekambeCeefi. Salva (lengis) arsenis Ze fircxalavas gadmocemiT, ojaxi ar
iyo, kameCi rom ar hyavdao.
vedidkarSi gansaxlebuli uridiebis gvaris metsaxelad CaviwereT
fafuefi. gavrcelebulia ramdenime xalxuri motivacia: 1. nafafefi-
nafofinebi, movlis TvalsazrisiT uzrunvelad gazrdili. gvaris
winamorbedisTvis metsaxelad fafuna SeurCeviaT; 2. ToliS fafafi noCqve
TinefiS jveSis ,,Tvalis xamxami scodnia imaT Zvels (uridiebis winapars)’’;
3. iro giefefuna ,,sul dawanwaleben; bevrs moZraoben; msubuqad miirxevian
(minarnareben)’’; 4. fafuS maWkomaef rena ,,fafis mWamelebi arian
(RomiWamiebi). gvaris metsaxelis gavrcelebas adasturebs toponimi
fafuefiS nawisqviu – mindori ~aRvanas zemoTSi,romelsac leuridieSi
Rees eZaxian (vedidkaris sakr.). SesaZloa metsaxeli pirsaxels
ukavSirdebodes. fafu, fafue, fafuia da fafuli megruli anTroponimebia
(a. Wanturia, 2006, gv. 6).
kurzueli foniavebis (adg. varianti fonia) sagvareulo jgufuri
metsaxelia ukuCxuri foniefi. kuCxa, kuCxafa megrulSi igivea, rac
,,mekvleoba, fexoba,” axali wlis meore dRes sxvis saxlSi bednieri fexiTa
da keTili guliT, keTili ganzraxviT pirvelad misvla. makuCxuri mekvlea,
ukuCxuri ki gadat. cudi fexisa da avi ganzraxvis mqones, borots,
gaiZveras, cbiers niSnavs. xalxuri motivacia: kuCxa dRas foniems
vekuCxuandes _ glaxa kuCxi uRunania, Tquana. ,,fexoba dRes foniavebis
mekvleobas eridebodnen _ cudi fexisani ariano, ityvian.”
onoRieli qajaiebis metsaxelia Waganurefi. Wagani sofelia
samtrediis raionSi. iqidan Camosuli qajaia onoRiaSi dasaxlebula.
Waganuri ,,Waganels, Waganidan Camosaxlebuls’’ niSnavs. abedaTeli qajaiebis
jgufur metsaxelad kobriS maWkomaefi Cagvawerines. kobri Tevzis
saxeobaa; kobriS maWkomaefi ,,kobris mWamelebi’’.
woworiebis ZirZveli samkvidro, adgilze gamokiTxviT mopovebuli
eTnografiuli masalebiT, sofeli inCxuria (martvilis municipaliteti),
sadac am gvaris 86 komli cxovrobs. aqaur woworiebs rkinaWkaduefs
,,rkinis mWedlebs”, rkinaS koCefs ,,rkinis kacebs’’ eZaxian. xunwis
sakrebulos sofel lecicxvaieSi mcxovrebi woworiebis (24 komli)
jgufuri metsaxelia naliS maWkadalefi ,,nalis mWedlebi”. woworiebi
Wkaduefi rdes, cxenSoT nalens Wkadundes ,,woworiebi mWedlebi yofilan,
cxenisTvis nalebs Weddnen” - aseTia xalxuri motivacia.
rkinaS koCefi, rkinaWkaduefi sagvareulo jgufuri metsaxeli
yofila agreTve inCxureli lagvilavebisa (adg. gamoTqmiT ~agvia).
profesiuli saqmianobis (xeloba-mosaqmeobis) aRmniSvnelia
naxarebavoeli mowereliebis sagvareulo jgufuri metsaxelic -
menoSq(v)ere mowereiefi. noSq(v)eri igive naxSiria, menoSq(v)ere -
menaxSire (vinc naxSirs amzadebs, naxSiriT vaWrobs).
naWyebiebis gvaris ZirZveli samkvidroa martvilis municipalitetis
soflebi: kurzu, taleri da didi Wyoni. kurzus TemSi Semaval erT
sofels sanaWyebio ewodeba, romelic texurisa da oCxomuris wyalgamyof
maRlobze mdebareobs. aq am gvaris 140-mde komli cxovrobs. naWyebiebis
erTi Stos sagvareulo jgufuri metsaxelia RumCvartiefi. xalxuri
motivacia: ,,gvaris winapari bavSvobaSi xSirad miirTmevda mawons RomTan
erTad. Roms TiTiT SuaSi CaWyletda ,,qinaCvartandu” da zed mawons
daasxamda. aqedan modis metsaxeli RumCvartia ,,RomiWyletia”.
nageberavoel kikaliSvilTa (adg. gamoTqmiT kikesqua) erT Stos
kodepijarefi ewodebaT. metsaxeli geografiuli niSnis mixedviTaa
SerCeuli. kodepiji vake - SemaRlebis saxelia md. noRelis napirze. swored
aq saxloben kikaliSvilebi. amitom mikroubans onoRiis sazRvarTan
kodepijarefi ewoda.
konkretul garemoebaTa wyalobiT gvaris gantotebisTvis,
qvegvarisTvis Serqmeuli jgufuri metsaxelebis eTnoistoriuli Seswavla
friad sayuradReboa Cveni qveynis warsulis, migraciuli procesebisa da
socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebis Seswavlis kuTxiT.

damowmebuli literatura

i. kekelia, 2007 - i. kekelia, banZis toponimia (etimologiur-

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, Tb., 2007.
i. kekelia 2008 - i. kekelia, martvilis rCeuli geografiuli
saxelwodebani, Tb., 2008.
i. kekelia, a. foniava, 2008 - i. kekelia, a. foniava, kolxuri gvarebisa
da Stogvarebis eTnoistoriisaTvis, Jurn. "kulturaTaSorisi
komunikaciebi”, #4, 2008.
i. kekelia, 2009 - i. kekelia, martvilis toponimia (etimologiur-
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni), Tb., 2009.
 T. saxokia, 1989 - Tedo saxokias arqividan (dabadebis 120
wlisTavisaTvis), II. megruli andazebi da gamoTqmebi: iberiul-kavkasiuri
enaTmecniereba, XXVIII, Tb., 1989.
o. soselia, 1981 - o. soselia, narkvevebi feodaluri xanis dasavleT
saqarTvelos socialur-politikuri istoriidan (saTavadoebi), II, Tb.,
1981.
o. qajaia, 2002 - o. qajaia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb., t. II-III,
2002.
p. cxadaia, 1988 - onomastikur terminTa ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, Tb.,
1988.
sulxan-saba, 1928 - sulxan-saba orbeliani, qarTuli leqsikoni, i.
yifSiZisa da a. SaniZis redaqciiT, tf., 1928.
p. cxadaia, 2000 - p. cxadaia, gvarebi da gvarTa dasaxlebani
samegreloSi, Tb., 2000.
a. Wanturia, 2006 - a. Wanturia, megruli saxelebi da gvarebi, Tb,
2006.

IGOR KEKELIA

ON THE STUDY OF THE GROUP FAMILY-NAME NICKNAMES

(IN THE LIGHT OF MEGRELIA ETHNOLOGIC MATERIALS)

Group or collective nickname is a proper name of a certain group of people given to

the whole lot of people of the common family name, or to one or more divisions of a
family name, or to the people of one and the same village of the same family names or to
its further subgroups, or one family etc.
Group nickname is informal anthroponym that a person bears together with the
official first and family names.
The author discusses only a few number of group family names that have been
recorded during scientific field works or private tours. The explanation of nicknames
considers folk motivations. There are also names related to craft and trade, to a person’s
individual characters, manner of behavior, appearance, group character traits, etc. (E.g.
"didi Gabuniefi", "Jinianefi", "Mekambecheefi" ).