CLASSIC REPRINT SERIES A Manuat oF StTEAM-BOILERS ‘Their Design, Construction, and Operation, "Techical Sehwols and EngineceA Manuat oF STEAM-BOILERS Their Design, Construction, and Operation, Technical Schools and Engineers y Robert Henry Thurston ‘iy Fe Bt 2008 nny 16 sen FongottenBbooks.org A MANUAL STEAM-BOILERS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION, FOR TRCHNICAL SCHOOLS AND ANCHEERS. YY ~ RDM. THURSTON, M.A, Doe Ese} Prof Bln i net Car et Prine ae 7s te ao One as JOHN WILEY & SONS,nsrony oF ree sreansonenire sraverows. 9 rast make avery ct wel ap safe and some BREE mat hime tea mayen ‘rem tt al met by he ene batt we by Gee ‘Stopenon (Pig) nd hs calnges 185 aap the tinea emtctn of the Seton and Dating Ra Soyniin ghia Sime wha eat peeved e ‘Spl sat Maths Ruy (189), Stephenson Rocket Shae inthe hands of seen inves we ‘etn "tet ge and ference ab ted esreamers ee Be et. ponds por sue i ‘on tal as fiten ils po ore, ‘ears andaferard, manag sone raced a pc! of Sy mos pbc ingaar tinge sttune oat goTHE STEAM-BOILER. CHAPTER I. HISTORY OF THE STEAM-BOILER—ITS STRUCTURE. x. The Office of a Steam-boiler is to transfer the heat. energy produced by the combustion of fuel to the mass of en closed water, and, by the conversion of the latter into steam, to store that energy in available form for use, as in the steam. engine. “The source of this energy was, originally, that cxist the rays of the sun, and, by the action of chemical aff exhibited inthe growth of vegetation, it has been transformed. from its kinetic form, in heat and light rays, to the potential form, as now found im the recent or fossil fuels of forest and coal-bed. “Fhe process of absorption and storage of heat-energy in vegetable matter is reversed. in the furnace, in the combustion of the fuel; and the combination of the carbon and hydrogen, constituting the familiar hydrocarbons, with the oxygen of the air entering the “firebox,” retransforms their stored. poten- tial, energy into the available, kinetic. form of heat-motion, and it is then applicd to the clevation of the temperature of the gascous products of combustion and of the nitrogen passing through the boiler. By conduction and convection, and by radiation, in part, this heat is mext transferred to the water in the boiler, raising its temperature, evaporating it, and ~ making: steam" ata temperature fixed by the pressure under which the operation is carried om. By the formation of steam. a part of the heat is converted once more inte the potential form by that method of performance of “internal work e molecule from molecule, against the resi forces, which measures the “latent heats" of evaporation and of