Stats Cheat Sheet

Name

When to Use

Test Statistic

Confidence Interval

xx z*
is known
Normal Distribution

z=
finding

Proportion of
Successes/
Binomials
(could be represented
as two-way table with
twins; only consider
differences)
Compared
Proportions of
Successes - not the
table

finding p0
(H0: p0=0.5)

finding
difference in p0

REMEMBER: dont
read percentages
straight, halve gap
first

pp z*

1) Independence - SRS
2) Normality if n is large:
np>10 n(1-p)>10

z=

pp 1-pp 2 z*

1) Independence - SRS
2) Normality if n is large:
nipi>10 ni(1-pi)>10 for
i=1,2

On Formula Sheet

xx t*

On Formula Sheet

(xx 1- xx 2) t*sp

z=

pp 1-pp 2 ~ N(p1-p2, )

T-Distribution
Two-Sample TDistribution

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Bogdanovski

is unknown
(only s is known)
finding
two samples with
complete
independence

Assumptions
1) Independence - SRS
2) Normality - normal
quantile plot, CLT:
n<15 good
approximation
(no outliers)
n40 fair
approximation
(no outliers)
n>40 poor
approximation
(no gross
outliers)

1) Independence - SRS
2) Normality - normal
quantile plot, CLT
1) Independence within
sample - SRS
2) Independence between
samples - SRS
Oliver

Stats Cheat Sheet

3) Normality - CLT for n1 +
n2
4) Same - within factor
of 2, if not n within factor
of 2

is unknown
matched pair
design
Paired TDistribution

2-test

Linear Regression

look at
differences
(H0: =0)
two-way
categorical table

slope in
regression line

as with T-Distribution

as with T-Distribution
(xx and s come from
differences)

On Formula Sheet
P(2>X2)

n/a

T=
(1=0)
On Formula Sheet

b1 t*SE(b1)

as with T-Distribution

1) Independence - SRS
2) Expected Counts > 10
1) Yi observations are
independent - SRS
2) i (errors) are normally
distributed (=0, =; or
n is large by CLT) - normal
quantile plot of residuals
3) i has same variance
across x (regardless of n) pattern/distance from 0 in
residual plot
4) y (mean of Y) has
linear relationship with X residual plot, no pattern

Independence is important in the normality assumption as then standard error is random (and hence is overall
equal) and can be calculated (not dependent upon other variables from a relationship
Years are quantitative, just discrete
When doing tables and graphs, include FULL titles
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Bogdanovski

Oliver