Tamar gumberiZe

dakarguli sazrisis Ziebisa da pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis

idea konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi

mecnierebisa da xelovnebis dargebis ganviTarebam saukuneobrivma cvlilebebma

erTgvarad gaaucxova da gaaucnaura adamiani. is sidiade samyaros meufeobisa da
Zalmosilebis SegrZneba, rac Tundac antikur epoqamde mohyva kacobriobas, daikarga.
Zveli berZnebi Tavis sulsa da mTel arsebaSi jer kidev atarebdnen am Zalmosilebis
SegrZnebas. riTac aRsavse iyo pirvelqmnili adamiani. magram heliocentrizmis
gabatonebam, samyaros Semecnebis gzaze gadadgmulma mecnierebis nabijebma Seasusta
adamianis Rirseba da yoveliveze aRmatebulobis grZnoba adamianSi.
konstantine gamsaxurdias nawarmoebTa mTavari personaJebis umravlesoba an
matarebelia andac maZiebelia am pirvelqmnadobis Zalmosilebisa, sinaTlisa da
madlisa. da es privelqmnadoba mxolod simboluri saxe ki ar aris gamsaxurdias
SemoqmedebisaTvis, aramed eris sulis gamTlianebisa, misi gamoRviZebisa da erovnuli
cnobierebis formirebis eleqsiria, ramac unda uzrunvelyos rainduli saqarTvelos
gacocxlebisa da aRorZinebis SesaZlebloba. yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani is
aris, rom gamsaxurdiasa da misi personaJebisaTvis saqarTvelos fizikuri arsi,
Tundac qarTvelTa arseboba ki ar aris mTavari, misi sulieri mdgomareoba, misi
erovnuli saxea yovlisganmsazRvreli. sicocxle xalxisa, romelic moklebulia
erovnul maxasiaTeblebs, erovnul cnobierebas, mTlianobas, ra Tqma unda,
arafrismTqmelia.
k. gamsaxurdia kargad icnobda ara marto saqarTvelos, msoflio itoriasac da
isic kargad uwyoda rom sxva Cvenze ufro dawinaurebul qveynebSi, Taoba Taobas
mosdevda, Taoba Taobas gadasZaxebda xolme Tavis anderZs. Taoba Taobis mxrebze
idgamda fexs, erT saukuneSi dawyebul socialurs, politikurs, religiurs da
artistul zraxvaT, meore saukuneSi gamouCndebodnen xolme memkvidreni, erTi
Taobis, erTi generaciis mier Cayril duRabsa da yirs maxlobeli generacia awyobda
agurs. am xriT, Zveli saberZneTis, safrangeTis istoriuli cxovreba saTeatro
dramas hgavs, moqmedeba-moqmedebas rom misdevs TanadaTnobiT da erTi meoris
SekrebiT, gaZlierebiT, sadac finali dramis, logikuri daskvnaa yvela aqtebis.
Cveni istoriuli yofa ki kinematografis seansebs mogagonebT, Tvalis
daxamxamebaze rom swydeba erTi suraTi da mas sul sxva Sinaarsi mosdevs. aba ra aqvs
saerTo XII-sa da XIV saukunis an XII-sa da XVII-XVIII saukunis qarTvelebis
kluturul yofas? "vardbulbuliansa" da "vefxistyaosans". "qacvia mwyemss" da
CaxruxaZis ideebs? iSviaTad Tu arsebula sxva romelime kulturuli eris istoriaSi
aseTi ufskruli or diad epoqaTa Soris, rogoric iyo XII da XVII saukune Cvens
warsulSi. xuroTmoZRvrebas, kazmul xelovnebasa da saeklesio mxatvrobas rom Tavi
vaneboT, TviT qarTuli enis ganviTarebaSiac saSinel regress vxedavT", - aRniSnavda
k. gamsaxurdia (k. gamsaxurdia, 1967, gv. 147).
aSkaraa, mwerals Tvali da goneba miuwvdeboda saqarTvelos gardasuli
saukuneebis yvela monakveTze da yovelive gardasuli movlenebis SejamebiT saTanado
daskvnas akeTebda. albaT, saqarTvelos istoriasTan da misi kulturuli speqtris
yvela SemcnobelisaTvis ganviTarebis es araTanabroba TvalSisacemia, magram rodesac
qveynis istoriuli Znelbedobis epoqebs davakvirdebiT, isic sakvirvelad gveCveneba,
aqamde rogor moatana amdeni brZolis gadamtanma qveyanam. magram marTlac
feniqsisebr ferflisagan aRdgomis ZaliT iyo madlmosili qarTuli geni, Torem
ramdenimegzis dacemuli da ganadgurebuli kvlav aRorZinebas ver SeZlebda saerTod.
 `... ramdenadac erebs identuri, saerTo organoebi aqvsT, imdenad eri saerTo
cnebas warmoadgens, ramdenadac es organoebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan
TavisTavad, imdenad ers aqvs Tavisi individualuroba" (m. wereTeli, 1990, gv. 203).
swored eris am individualuri maxasiaTeblebis maZiebelia k. gamsaxurdia da igi
Tavis romanebsa Tu literaturul werilebSi mkveTrad da sainteresod asaxavs im
TavisTavadobas, romelic qarTvel ers, rogorc mTlian organizmsa da calkeul
pirovnebebs gaaCniaT. swored am individualur maxasiaTeblebSi unda veZioT
qarTveli eris sicocxlis xangrZlivobisa da misi TiTqmis `maradiulobis" saidumlo.
im pirvel dasabams, pirvelqmnadobas, romelic safuZvlad udevs qarTveli eris
fenomenalur struqturas, igi Tavis TavSi moicavs.
vfiqrobT, rogorc adamianis embrionSia kodi misi sicocxlisunarianobisa, aseve
TiToeuli eris pirvelqmnadobis ujredSi devs misi momavlis, misi yofnis
xangrZlivobis monacemi da buneba am Tavisive nawyalobevis damcvelad gvevlineba
maradis. yovelive es kargad ikiTxeba gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi, mTel mis
azrovnebaSi da swored am pirvelqmnadobis arsis wvdomisa da eris samomavlo
sicocxlisunarianobis gzis Ziebaa mTeli misi cxovreba da moRvaweoba.
da ara marto konstantine gamsaxurdia, mTeli misi Tanamedrove moazrovne
Taoba im gzis maZiebelia, `romelic taZramdis miiyvans", romelic saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi qarTveli gmirebis naloliaveb samSoblos `wiTeli minotavrisagan"
gaaTavisuflebs. Tu rogor eZebda xsnis gzas es Taoba, amaze naTlad metyvelebs ak.
baqraZis azri:
`dionisos Rimilis" protagonisti konstantine savarsamiZe moTqvams:
`Cemi cxovrebis naxevar gzaze SemomaRamda, isev Sen gigoneb da geZaxi -
gulTmisano Cemo gamzrdelo.
egeb Sen maswavlo gza, rogor gavide am uRrani tyidan. gana ar gesmis?
`gza"! - iZaxis adamiani saukuneebis irib mijnebze.
`gza!" - iZaxian mgzavrebi, meetleebi, vatmanebi da Sofrebi.
`gza!" - iZaxian mwerlebi, mecnierebi, berebi da moZRvarTmoZRvarni. me yvela
vnaxe, me yvelas vkiTxe da veravin maswavla gza.
Tumca Cems winaSe yvela gza xsnilia, yvela asparezi nacadi, yvela borkili
iseve tkbili, rogorc sayvarlisagan naboZebi samaje, magram mainc ar vici, saiT
wavide, radgan yvela gza ulevia da gauvali".
...verc `mTvaris motacebis" personaJma TaraS emxvarma miagno Tavis gzas,
rogorc viciT - igi Tvlida, rom im dros ori gza iyo, stalinisa da musolinis gza,
e.i. bolSevizmisa da musolinis gza. magram Tavad aRiarebs TaraSi - `me dRemdis
ugzod vixetiale da rogorc xedav, verc erTs davadeqi... orive daxSuli aRmoCnda
CemTvis".
es ori magaliTic mkafiod mowmobs, rogor aqtiurad iyo dasmuli 20-30-iani
wlebis qarTul mwerlobaSi gzadabneuli kacis problema, maSin komunisturi
literaturuli kritika amas imiT xsnida, rom gamarjvebulma muSaTa klasma uaryo da
gaanadgura mqonebelTa da privilegirebulTa klasi.
damarcxebuli qarTuli aristokratiis Svilebs sasowarkveTis, wuwunisa da
Civilis garda, sxva aRaraferi darCenoda. nawilobriv es marTalia, magram igi
gzadabneuli kacis problemis calmxrivi gaSuqebaa. arc konstantine savarsamiZe da
arc TaraS emxvari mxolod klasobrivi TvalsazrisiT ar Civian ugzoobas. ugzoobis
sakiTxi maT ufro erovnuli kuTxiT awuxebT. TiToeul maTgans surs emsaxuros
samSoblos, xalxs, magram socialisturi idealis miReba arc undaT da arc
SeuZliaT"( a. baqraZe, 1990, gv. 202).
yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, albaT gagviCndeba kiTxva: ratom ar ZaluZT am
personaJebs socialisturi idealis miReba, ratom ibrZvian isini axali gzisTvis da
saidan iwyeba es gza? esaa umTavresi sakiTxi imis Sesamecneblad, Tu ratom iyo ase
aSkara winaaRmdegoba saqarTveloSi socialisturi idealebisadmi, da ratom iyo, rom
TiTqmis mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi Cveni samSoblo yvelaze metad sxvaTagan
gamoirCeoda damoukideblobis sindromiT.
swored am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaa mTavari konstantine gamsaxurdias erovnuli
msoflmxedvelobis amosacnobad.
im fesvebs Tu ver mivagnebT, saidanac amovizrdebiT, im pirvelazrs da
pirvelideas Tu ver vuerTgulebT, saidanac iwyeba Cveni erovnuli Semecneba,
momavlis gzas rogor mivagnebT?! konstantine gamsaxurdia da bevri misi Tanamedrovec
nasazrdoebi iyo am pirvelwyaroTi, am pirvelideiT da mas samSoblos siyvaruli,
pirveldedobisa da pirvelmamobis mcneba edo safuZvlad.
qarTuli suli saukuneTa labirinTebidanaa amoxeTqili da isev da isev
saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa da misi momavlis garantias iTxovs. ai, ra aris TaraS
emxvarisa Tu konstantine savarsamiZis mudmivi SeWirvebisa da gzadabneulobis mizezi.
am orT ara marto gonebasa da azrovnebaSi, sisxlSi aqvT gamjdari Zveli, rainduli
saqarTvelos xati da nostalgia. maT kargad esmiT, rom winaparTa gmirobaca da
codvebic Tanabrad mosdevT dResdReobiTac da maTi erTguleba hmarTebT, Torem
mamisagan dawyevlilni verasodes gaixareben. gana mamis wyevliT araa SeboWili k.
savarsamiZis cxovrebis gza, gana winaparTa codvebs ar SeuboWavs TaraS emxvari, iseve
rogorc qvewarmavalTagan laokooni da misi Svilebia SeboWili. qarTvelebisaTvis
genetikurad kodirebuli tradiciis darRveva sikvdilisa da unayofobis ucilobeli
pirobaa.
k. gamsaxurdia dasabuTebulad gvixsnis, ra ganZi unda aviRoT warsulidan, riT
unda gavamdidroT erovnuli cnobiereba da Sesabamisad ganvsazRvroT eris
momavalic; arada droa iseTi, rom bevrs Tvali sxvaTa kulturaze, sxvaTa momavlis
programebze rCeba, maSin rodesac TviT Cvens warsulSi devs Cvenive momavali. k.
gamsaxurdiasaTvis ucxo ar aris qarTuli sulis evropul kulturasTan Seziareba,
magram es ar unda moxdes sakuTaris uaryofis xarjze. igi wers: `axali drois
muSaoba orgvaria: erTis mxriT Zveli universalur-historizmis bairaxtarni,
romelnic Zvel ideaTa samyaros xels ar uSveben, radgan Zvelis gavlena axal
kulturul jejilze sasargeblod miaCniaT, meore pirad-meamboxe axalgazrdoba,
romelic erTis dahkvriT lamobs Zveli kulturuli tradiciebisa da maTi
universal-historizmis ganadgurebas.
am axalgazrdobis yuradRsaRebad ambobda renani: `nu dagvaviwydebaT, rom
yoveli konservatoris veluri winapari revolucioneri yofila.
iwyeba maradiuli brZola mamebsa da Svilebs Soris.
revolucioneri axalgazrdobis erTi nawili stovebs mSobliur penatebs da
tradiciul evropas da kolumbis qveyanaSi iSenebs samocsarTulian koSkebs".
esaa zogadi Sexeduleba, magram TviT saqarTvelos konkretuli tkivilebic
moJonavs k. gamsaxurdias literaturul werilebSi.
`Cven dRes kriziss ganvicdiT, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise msoflio moqalaqeni.
Cveni saukunis axalTaobas, ragind mravalferovanic ar unda iyos igi, Tavisi
individualuri sulieri struqturiT da naSenebiT erTi ram aerTianebs - es aris
uaryofa Cveni Tanamedroveobisa... is, rac Cven Taobas aerTebs, es aris protesti
gadaWarbebul inteleqtualizmis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli. Cven Tumca mowyvetilni
viyaviT ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi evropisagan, magram ideebi xSirad haeris
talRas mimohyvebian. amitomac Cveni uaxlesi literaturis dvrita dasunTqulia im
zogad evropuli sulieri ganwyobilebebiT" (evropa Tu azia, 1997, gv. 48). ra Tqma
unda, arc evropuli ideologiisaken swrafva ar aris gamsaxurdias sulieri mrwamsis
gamomxatveli, `amerikanizmis.... yovelive degenetaciisa da sulieri degradaciis"
gamovlinebebis Sesaxeb da yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg isev sakuTar Zirebs surs
miubrunos mTeli qarTveloba. TaraS emxvaris odisea svaneTSi sxva ara aris, Tu ara
am mesame gzis Zieba, im eTikuri Tu patriarqaluri epoqis narCenebi, rac svaneTis
egzotikur fons qmnida, TaraS emxvaris fantaziiT xsnisa da gadarCenis gza iyo,
magram male Tavadac darwmunda da mkiTxvelic dagvarwmuna `sxva gza da sxva xsna" ar
arsebobda, an axali cxovrebis mdinares unda SerTvoda, andac daRupuliyo da es
cxovreba, rasac sabWouri yofa erqva, imitom ar iyo TaraS emxvarisaTvis da Tundac
k. gamsaxurdias sxva personaJebisaTvisac misaRebi, rom swored saerTo mdinarebas
unda SerTvodnen da SekavSirebodnen da TavianTi pirovnuli, individualuri saxe
daekargaT.
rodesac mSobeli eris fenomenis Semecneba surs mwerals, swored im
maradisobis karibWis SeRebas lamobs, sadac qarTvelTa ukvdavi suli Tvlems da
swams, rom qarTvelTa pirvelsamyaro, pirvelqmnadoba udavod SegvaZlebinebs Cvenive
momavali gansazRvroT: `Cveni istoriis traRedia iyo Cveni martooba, Tu istoriaSi
marTlac arsebobs brma moira, es Cvens Tavze axda. am gauxarelma moiram dagvakisra
iseTi kulturul-istoriuli amocanebi aRmosavleTSi, romlis ganxorcielebas Cveni
saukeTeso energia da sisxli SevswireT. bedma pirSi migvca fanatikur aRmosavleTs.
pioneri dasavleTis qristianul civilizacias, qarTveli eri jvars ecva qristes
jvarisaTvis da qristianuli dasavleTi faqtiurad arasodes mogvSvelebia.
dasavleTis qristianuli qveynebic ebrZodnen aRmosavleTs, magram maT mudam saerTo
fronti hqondaT. Cveni mefeebi da mTavrebi mudam evropas uxmobdnen, mudam maSvelebs
eZebdnen da gamoxmaureba mxolod delikatur epistolebSi ixateboda. dResac martoa
qarTuli rassa" (evropa Tu azia, 1997, gv. 128).
k. gamsaxurdias literaturul werilebsa da eseebSi kargad ikiTxeba, rom is,
rac k. gamsaxurdias personaJebs awuxebT, is, rac maT erovnul msoflmxedvelobas
qmnis, mwerlis sulidan momdinareobs da misi personaJebis tragedia Tavad mwerlis
tragediaa, tragedia sulis, samSoblodakarguli adamianisa, rom eZebda erovnuli
xsnis gzas da TviT istoriis labirinTebidan amohqonda is didi erovnuli simarTle,
ramac Cveni qveyana dRemdis moiyvana da rac momavlis saqarTvelos gadamrCeneli unda
gamxdariyo.
mainc ra da sad aris aRTqmuli qveyana k. gamsaxurdiasaTvis, sad unda veZioT
peripetiebi am aRTqmuli qveynisa? am sakiTxze TviT k. gamsaxurdias werilebic ki
gvaZleven pasuxs da esaa `dakarguli" sulieri samSoblos moZebna.
`sad aris samSoblo Cemi?" - kiTxulobs zaratustra.
`imas veZeb da vkiTxulob, veZebdi, veZebdi marad Jams, veZebdi da veRar vpove.
hoi, maradiulo arsad, hoi, mardiulo amaod".
Tanamedrove sulic mwyurvaled eZiebs am WeSmarit samSoblos" (evropa Tu azia,
1997, gv. 43).
k. gamsaxurdia am erovnuli energiis wyaros Soreul, Tvaluwvdenel, arqaul
sivrceSi eZebs. im drosa da ganzomilebaSi, rodesac adamians pirvelyofili
mTlianoba Tan sdevda: `sulis arqaika - es am winaparTagan SemorCenili
daumorCilebeli, bneli da idumali Zalebia, anu pirovnebis meore `me" berZnul
miTologiaSi, demonad miCneuli, qristianobis mier satanad Seracxuli,
literaturaSi mefistofelad saxeldebuli, adamianuri cnobierebis mier uaryofili
da CaZiruli fsiqikis siRrmeSi.
erTi mxriv - STagoneba, meore mxriv - sneuleba (SiSi da tkivili) gvabrunebs am
mSfoTvare ZalebTan realobad aRqmul warmosaxvasTan, aaqtivebs maT, aaqtivebs
fizikur SegrZnebebs, aRqmas, gancdas, Relvas" (s. sigua, 2007, gv. 111).
k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobiereba uSores warsulSia fesvgadgmuli da
saukuneTa labirinTebidan amoaqvs mas CvenTvis TvalSeudgami da naklebad sawvdomi is
arqauli codna da sinamdvile, rac Cvens arsebaSic Tvlems.
k. gamsaxurdias personaJebis personologiuri portretis Semecnebisas, maT
pirovnebaSi ramdenime Sre SeiZleba gamovyoT, romelic am personaJTa srulyofili
saxis Sesacnobadaa aucilebeli. swored amitomacaa, rom mkvlevari s. sigua
gamsaxurdias personaJebs mxolod erTi rakursiT ki ar warmogvidgens, aramed
miTologiur speqtrSi Wverts maT arsebas da eris istorias, mis erovnul potencias
miTosur aspeqtSi xsnis.
`rac ufro Rrmad CavxedavT eris fsiqikas, istorias, mis xasiaTs, miT ufro
Seimecneba zogadi, ramdenadac sakacobrio motivebi sawyisi wertilis usasrulo
sferuli gavrcobaa. SigniTken Sveuli swrafviT iZieba uZvelesi modeli,
pirvelsawyisi arqetipi: savarsamiZe - wm. konstantine, TaraSi - eramxuti, daviTi
bagrati IV; mariami - gorgona, arsakiZe - iakobi, Tamari - RvTismSobeli; dedisimedi -
afrodite. gvanca - artemida, giorgi II - baxusi, vaxtangi - kimoTe da a.S. es aris
mimsgavsebis da gaigivebis survili. arsi ucvlelia, magram dro cvalebadi, amitom
gmiri ver egueba Tavis epoqas, yvela zedapiridan centrisaken Cabrunebuli sxivi erT
wertilSi erTdeba.
... TaraSis cxovrebis gzas gansazRvravs misi sulieri arqetipi eramxut emxvari,
rusT xelmwifis moZule, masTan brZolis msxverpli... TaraSs ufro Soreuli
winaparica hyavs - vardan hemuxvari ... eramxuti megrulad `aramxutud" gamoiTqmis.
eramxuti xalxuri saxelis literaturuli formaa; miTiur amirans megrul versiebSi
aramxutu hqvia.
amgvarad, TaraSis saxis asociaciur Ziebas amiranis miTamde mivyavarT. svaneTSi
myof TaraSs `amiranis Zali awveba mklavebSi". roca avtorma saboloo ganaCeni
gamoutana Tavis gmirs, SeniSna: `guSin, guSinwin Wabuki amirani egona Tavis bnel
gvirabSi Zalis Semnaxveli", `Cvens amirans gvirabisaTvis ver miugnia, sadac man Zala
Seinaxa dRevandel dRisaTvis"...
isic unda movigonoT, rom `amirani aris mTeli saqarTvelo da mtrebi ki yvav-
yorani" (akaki wereTeli). amirani Zveli saqarTvelos mudmivi tanjvis, WirTa Tmenisa
da brZolis xatia. TaraSis sulis simi Soreulad mas uerTdeba, radgan misi arseba
STanTqmulia warsulis mier: eramxutis saxiT igi istoriul saqarTvelos etrfis,
rogorc gardasul saukuneTa Svili, msgavsebas poulobs amiranTn" (s. sigua, 1989, gv.
90-98).
TaraSis, rogorc personaJis, arqauli Zirebis gaxsna miznobrivad ukavSirdeba
Cvens gadasaWrel problemas - Tu ramdenad dominirebs k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebasa
da mis personaJebSi dakarguli sazrisisa da pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea, Tu
ramdenad Soreul fesvebs ukavSirdeba TiToeuli personaJis personologiuri saxe
da kidev erTic, ramdenadaa yovelive erovnul cnobierebasTan dakavSirebuli.
qarTvelTa erovnuli cnobiereba iwyeba misi miTologiidan, misi warsulidan, im
miTosuri gmirebis saxe-simboloebidan, romelTac Tavis droze didi zegavlena
moaxdines qarTveli eris erovnul azrovnebaze. iseve rogorc TaraSi, gamsaxurdias
sxva personaJebi da ara marto qarTvelebi, sxva rasis warmomadgenlebic aseve
miTosur-arqauli simbolikiTaa gaxsnili s. siguas mier, magram am SemTxvevaSi, - Cven
mier dasaxuli problemis asaxsnelad TaraSis arqetipul saxeze dakvirvebac
sakmarisad miviCnieT da garkveulad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Tavad gamsaxurdias
cnobiereba imdenadaa Seziarebuli qarTul zepirsityvierebas, qarTul erovnul
suls, rom misi personaJebic TiTqos am saukuneTa SreebSi ibadebian, izrdebian da
saboloo srulqmnil saxes k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebSi pouloben, amasTan erTad,
imdenad gaJRenTilia pirvelqmnadobisa da erovnuli sulis atributebiT,
SeuZlebelia naRdi qarTuli da TavisTavadi saxeebi ar SevicnoT maTSi da
sabolood im daskvnamdis ar mivideT, rom saqarTvelos dakarguli sazrisis aRdgena
aseve mis msoflmxedvelobaSi, mis erovnul ZalmosilebaSi unda moxdes.
dakarguli sazrisis, anu Tanamedrove terminologiiT aracnobieris SreebSi
CarCenili sinamdvilis Sesaxeb sainteresoa k. gustav-iungis mosazreba: `aracnobieris
kompensacia kidev ufro metad gnostikuria. fizikuri procesebi miTologemis eniT
saubrobs. inteleqtualuri formulireba verasdros SesZens miTosur suraT-xatebs
iseT Rrma, gamomsaxvel Zalas, rogorc amas miTologiuri ena aRwevs, radgan es
procesi pirvelsaxesTan aris dakavSirebuli. amitom is mxolod xatovani eniT
SeiZleba aRiweros" (k. gustav-iungi, 2005, gv. 29).
rogorc TaraS emxvaris siguaseuli saxis interpretaciam gviCvena, gamsaxurdias
personaJebi sinTezirebul saxeebs qmnian uSores warsulTan, saerTod, warsulTan da
TanamedroveobasTan mimarTebaSi; amirani - eramxuti - TaraSi - es samsaxeoba xom
advilad Sesamecnebelia emxvarisa, Tumca aqac ar Cerdeba mwerlis warmosaxva da
karnu qalaqis gmiris, vardan emxvaris saxesTan aigivebs igi mas. gamodis, rom
dasaxlebul gmirTa sulieri saxe TaraSis pirovnebaSi sxvadasxva Sreebs qmnis da
araTu sazogadoebas, xSirad Tavadac uWirs emxvars sakuTar arsebaSi garkveva,
romeli personis saxe dominantobs arsebul situaciaSi. masTanaa gaigivebuli TaraSis
pirovneba. swored amitomaa gamsaxurdias personaJebi zogadad Zalian rTulni,
ramdenadac TviT maT ZirebSi devs mravalsaxeoba, mravalxmianoba. polifoniur
romans baxtini mravalxmian romans uwodebs da cnobil musikalur termins
damoukidebeli, magram erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli xmebis Tanaarsebobis
saukeTeso gamoxatulebad miiCnevs...
polifoniuri romanis personaJebi, baxtinis azriT, ar warmoadgenen avtoris
mier marTvad da manipulirebad obieqtebs. homofoniuri anu erTxmiani romanisagan
gansxvavebiT, sadac avtori diriJoris pultidan xelmZRvanelobs personaJebiT
dakompleqtebul orkestrs, polifoniuri romanis moqmedi pirebi damoukidebel
subieqtebad gvevlinebian, metic, polifoniuri romanis personaJTa avtonomia
avtoriseul avtonomias utoldeba, personaJis faseuli sityva avtoriseul faseul
sityvas uTanabrdeba da xasiaTis Secnobis umniSvnelovnes komponents warmoadgens.
amrigad, baxtiniseuli polifonia gulisxmobs personaJis xmis srul
gaTavisuflebas avtoris xmis diqtatisagan... polifoniuri romanis personaJTa
Tavisufleba mxatvruli Semoqmedebis limitirebul doneze realizdeba, anu
personaJis warmoCenis avtoriseuli arCevani Tavad ubiZgebs avtors garkveuli
mimarTulebiT moZraobisaken: ara es damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba avtoris
Canafiqris nawilia, - wers baxtini, - es Canafiqri erTgvarad ganawyobs gmirs
Tavisuflebisaken (SefardebiT Tavisuflebisaken, rasakvirvelia).
polifoniuri romanis analizis procesSi baxtini gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
uTmobs avtoris fenomens. avtori moiazreba rogorc yvela xmis miRma mdgari ideuri
da mxatvruli centri" (literaturis Teoria, 2008, gv. 45).
miTiTebuli mosazrebidan romanis polifoniurobis problema sainteresod
ixsneba da es polifoniuroba anu mravalxmianoba, rogorc ukve mivuTiTeT,
calkeuli personaJis mTlianobaSic SeiZleba vigrZnoT, miT umetes, rodesac maT
personas arqetipuli Zirebi gaaCnia da kidev ufro mZafrad aisaxeba es
polifoniuroba maSin, rodesac ramdenime arqetipuli fena SeiZleba gamovyoT gmiris
mTliani saxis aRsaqmelad.
ratom dasWirda mwerals ase mravalSriani saxeebis Seqmna, erTgvari arqetipuli
sistemiT ratom qmnis personaJTa saxeebs?! ra Tqma unda, yovelive zemoTqmulis
Semdeg pasuxis gacema ar gagviWirdeba, pirvelqmnadobis Zirebidan unda amoitanos
erovnuli suli qarTvelobisa, agrZnobinos da daarwmunos mkiTxveli, rom Cvens
erovnul cnobierebas uSores warsulSi aqvs fesvebi gadgmuli, erovnuli
Tavisuflebis idea sxvadasxva formiTa da SinaarsiT aRmocendeba da viTardeba
Sesabamis epoqebSi.
Zveli suliTa da axali arsiT, dakarguli sazrisisa da pirveladi modelis,
pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea xsnis gzasac niSnavs.
amiranis erovnuli Zirebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi amSvenebs qarTul
zepirsityvierebas da garkveulad misi sulis formireba epoqaTa Sesabamisad xdeba.
Tu Cven mier ukve miTiTebul TaraSis arqetipuli Zirebis sqemas moviSveliebT,
Tamaris epoqaSi igi karnu qalaqis amRebi gmiri vardan emxvaria... ruseTis
TviTmpyrobelobis pirobebSi es saxe isev ganicdis formirebas da axal
dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZol metad gamoucnobi saxis - idumal gmirad -
eramxut emxvarad gvevlineba. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom emxvarebis arsebaSi amiranis
sisxli mdinarebs da sabolod igi sruliad srulqmnili, mTliani adamianis, TaraS
emxvaris saxiT warmogvidgeba, romelsac mwerali ukve qarTvelTa maradiul sulad
miiCnevs.

damowmebuli literatura

a. baqraZe, 1990 - a. baqraZe, mwerlobis moTviniereba, Tb., 1990.

k. gamsaxurdia, 1967 - k. gamsaxurdia, Txzulebani, t. XVIII, Tb., 1967.
k. gustav-iungi, 2005 - k. gustav-iungi, fsiqologia da alqimia, Tb., 2009.
m. wereTeli, 1990 - m. wereTeli, eri da kacobrioba, Tb., 1990.
s. sigua, 2007 - s. sigua, mxatvruli azrovneba; genezisi da struqtura, Tb.,
2007.
s. sigua, 1989 - s. sigua, konstantine gamsaxurdias prozis struqtura, Tb., 1989.

TAMAR GUMBERIDZE

THE IDEA OF SEEKING FOR THE LOST ESSENCE AND

PRESERVING PRIMORDIAL CREATION IN KONSTANTINE GAMSAKHURDIAS
WRITINGS

The idea of seeking for the lost essence and preserving primordial creation is one of the main
questions in K.Gamsakhurdia’s fiction.
According to the Georgian view the destruction of genetically coded traditions is the necessary
condition for death. However, the idea of physical death does not mean perishing of a person. Georgia
as a country of the deep past provides an amazing example of preserving primordial creation being
realized in the national worldview convincing us in the real perfection of the idea of freedom and
eternal comeback.
With old spirit and new essence, the idea of the lost essence and the prime model and of
preserving the primordial creation also means the way to salvation.