nino bakuraZe

quTaisis literaturuli cxovreba

XX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi gazeTebis
`imereTis" da `kolxidas" masalebis mixedviT
XX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi quTaisSi literaturuli cxovreba duRda. im
droisaTvis aq moRvaweobdnen cnobili mwerlebi, sazogado moRvaweebi, romlebmac
waruSleli kvali datoves qalaqis istoriaSi, qarTuli sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi da,
saerTod, didi roli Seasrules erovnuli kulturis ganviTarebisa da winsvlis
saqmeSi.
10-iani wlebidan quTaisSi ukve igrZnoba yoveldRiuri gazeTebis simravle
(`kolxida", `mnaTobi", `imereTi", `cxovreba", `dila", `Sinauri saqmeebi").
am periodis quTaisi kulturisa da ganaTlebis erT-erT wamyvan keras
warmodgenda. aq cxovrobda da qveynis keTildReobisaTvis zrunavda mravali cnobili
qarTveli moRvawe, romelTa saxelebi da saqmianobis amsaxveli masalebi Semonaxulia
imdroindeli Jurnal-gazeTebis furclebze. erT-erTi aseTi literaturuli gazeTi
iyo `imereTi".
grigol robaqiZis pirovnebis gareSe 10-iani wlebis quTaisis literaturuli
cxovreba warmoudgenelia. misi sajaro leqciebi Rrma erudiciiT sazogadoebaSi
sxvadasxva reaqcias iwvevda. magaliTad, 1913 wels gazeT `imereTSi" (#83) daibeWda
nik. jorjikias werili `filologia da b-ni robaqiZis leqcia". masSi avtori
akritikebs qalaqis TeatrSi wakiTxul grigol robaqiZis leqcias `rusTavelis
Semoqmedeba".
`imereTis" 84-e nomerSi ki gamoqveynda gr. robaqiZis vrceli werili `pasuxad
nik. jorjikias". robaqiZe iwyebs niko maris mimarT pativiscemis gamoxatviT da
uaryofs kritikosis mier misdami wamoyenebul braldebebs.
kamaTi nik. jorjikiasa da gr. roabaqiZes Soris niko maris mosazrebebTan
dakavSirebiT, agreTve sxva literaturul sakiTxebze `imereTis" 90-e da 91-e
nomrebSic gagrZelda (o. gvetaZe, 1993, gv. 22).
gaz. `imereTi" 1913 wlis 6 seqtembers `akordis" fsevdonimiT aqveynebs replikas
niko maris sayuradRebod, saTauriT `marTalia Tu ara?" replika exeboda anSi
mdidari qarTuli kulturis arsebobas, romelsac niko marma miakvlia. eCmiaZinis
komitetma ki mars uari uTxra am cnobebis gamoqveynebaze, ramac eCmiaZinis komitetsa
da niko mars Soris konfliqti gamoiwvia. replikaSi sTxoven baton profesor
mkiTxvels, auwyos saqmis WeSmariti viTareba (o. gvetaZe, 1993, gv. 22).
CvenTvis saintereso periodis quTaisis literaturuli cxovrebis erT-erT
mniSvnelovan moments literaturuli kritikis miznebisa da amocanebis Sefaseba-
garkveva warmoadgens. gazeTi `imereTi" ar erideboda piruTvnelad eTqva pirSi
simarTle aRiarebuli avtoritetebisTvisac ki, Tundac igi akaki yofiliyo.
g. axalcixeli Tavis werilSi `cota ram Cven kritikosebze?" akritikebs TviT
didi akakis araobieqtur pozicias n. eliaSvilis wignis Sefasebis gamo (mogonebebi,
1990, gv. 52).
gazeTi `imereTi" (1914, #75) iuwyeba, rom 7 ivniss, miuxedavad debatebisa, mainc
Catarda quTaisis TeatrSi irodion evdoSvilis poeziis saRamo. korespondenciis
avtori jafar-faSa wers, rom "saRamo Sinaarsiani da mravalferovani iyo... mowoneba
daimsaxures ia ekalaZis `aRsarebam" da d. TomaSvilisa da cvar-namis wakiTxulma
leqsebma" (o. gvetaZe, 1993, gv. 24).
 gazeTi `kolxida" sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTisa iyo. masSi wina planze
wamoweulia patriotuli xasiaTis originaluri Tu Targmnili mxatvruli
literatura.
pirvelive nomerSi daibeWda silovan xundaZis leqsi `samSoblo mxareSi".
leqsSi gadmocemulia avtoris Rrma patriotizmi, aRfrTovaneba Tavisi qveynis
silamaziT. Tan poeti wuxs qveynis ubedurebis gamo. leqsis dasasrulSi Cans, rom
avtors aqvs wrfeli survilebi da ocnebebi momavali qarTvelisa da saqarTvelos
ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.
patriotul motivs Seexeba dutu megrelis leqsi `mzes", romelic gazeT
`kolxidis" me-6 nomerSi daibeWda. leqsi alegoriuli xasiaTisaa; avtors sZuls
umzeo da Rrubliani dRe, rac samSoblos cudi awmyos simboloa.
`kolxidis" me-12 nomerSi gamoqveynebulia leqsebi: m. uznaZis `qristian
muxanaTebs" da s. xundaZis `iudaa, aba raa?". am leqsebSi saubaria adamianTa
gadagvarebaze, qveynad gabatonebul usamarTlobasa da gautanlobaze.
me-13 nomerSi ibeWdeba s. xundaZis leqsi `sad aris RmerTi"? masSi xazgasmiTaa
miTiTebuli amqveyniuri usamarTloba.
gazeTi `kolxida", rogorc sazogadoebrivi gazeTi, Tavis furclebze garkveul
adgils uTmobda satrfialo lirikas. aq ibeWdeboda m. uznaZis, i. griSaSvilis, g.
tabiZis, t. tabiZis da sxvaTa leqsebi da poemebi.
m. uznaZes satrfialo grZnobebis gamosaxatavad simbolika aurCevia. is
garkveulwilad ganicdis Zvel qarTuli satrfialo lirikis gavlenas. mag.: `vardi",
`bulbuli", `sio", `walkoti" da a.S. poeturi saxeebi m. uznaZis satrfialo leqsebSi
naklebad Cans, stili da azri bundovania. ara marto uznaZis, aramed, saerTod, XX
saukunis 10-iani wlebis I naxevris poeziaSi igrZnoba pesimizmi dakarguli satrfosa
da uimedo siyvarulis gamo (m. niJaraZe, 2005, gv. 34).
`kolxidaSi" gamoqveynebulia t. tabiZis leqsebi: `serenada" da `sizmris
angelozi". am leqsebSi gamokveTilia simbolizmi, igrZnoba ferTa mravalferovneba.
43-e nomerSi iwyeba da ramdenime nomerSi grZeldeba s. xundaZis poema
`akrZaluli samoTxidan".
gaz. `kolxidaSi" xSirad ibeWdeboda moraluri xasiaTis darigebani, igav-arakebi
da zRaprebi. `kolxidis" 25-e nomerSi daibeWda `sindiofalas" feletoni qalTa
emansipaciisa da mamakacebTan gaTanasworebis Sesaxeb. sindiofalas feletonebi xSirad
moraluri xasiaTisaa da adamianebisadmi Segonebas Seicaven.
imdroindel quTaisSi da, saerTod, saqarTveloSi mwvaved iyo dasmuli sakiTxi
mSobliuri enis siwmindis dacvisa da gadarCenis Sesaxeb. qarTul enis dacvas exeba s.
xundaZis satiruli leqsi, romelic mimarTvaa quTaisis bankis rwmunebul-inteligent-
oratorebisadmi. avtori uwunebs maT barbarizmebiT savse qarTul enas da mwared
dascinis kidec (m. niJaraZe, 2005, gv. 14).
gazeTma `kolxidam" 10-ian wlebSi quTaisSi qarTuli kulturis araerTi
mtkivneuli problema wamoWra.
gazeT `imereTSi", `kolxidisagan" gansxvavebiT, ufro replikebi, kritikuli
statiebi ibeWdeboda, vidre literaturuli nawarmoebebi. `kolxidaSi" ki piriqiT,
didi adgili eTmoboda mxatvrul literaturas.
rasakvirvelia, gazeTebSi `mnaTobi" da `kolxida" moTavsebuli mTeli
literaturuli masalis warmodgena SeuZlebelia, magram zogadi Seswavlis
safuZvelze mainc naTeli xdeba, XX saukunis 10-iani wlebis quTaisi tradiciulad
literaturul, kulturul, Teatralur da siaxlis maZiebel qalaqs warmoadgenda.
aq imarTeboda literaturuli saRamoebi, Teatraluri warmodgenebi, benefisebi,
SemoqmedebiTi saRamoebi da sxv. quTaisi agrZelebda Tavis kulturul tradiciebs (m.
niJaraZe, 2005, gv. 34).
 damowmebuli literatura

o. gvetaZe, 1993 - o. gvetaZe, literaturuli werilebi, quTaisi, 1993.

l. dvaliSvili, 2006 - l. dvaliSvili, ilia Wyonias cxovreba da Semoqmedeba,
quTaisi, 2006.
matiane, 1985 - literaturuli matiane, Tb., 1985.
mogonebebi, 1990 - mogonebebi akakize, Tb., 1990.
a. nikoleiSvili, 1982 - a. nikoleiSvili, nakadebi, quTaisi, 1982.
m. niJaraZe, 2005 - m. niJaraZe, literaturuli werilebi, quTaisi, 2005.
m. niJaraZe 2005 - m. niJaraZe, quTaisis kulturul-literaturuli cxovreba
1909-1917 wlebSi, quTaisi, 2005.

NINO BAKURADZE

LITERARY LIFE OF KUTAISI ACCORDING TO THE

NEWSPAPERS "IMERETI" AND KOLKHIDA" IN THE 10S
OF THE 20TH CENTURY

In the 10s of the 20th century literary life flourished in Kutaisi. Famous Georgian writers and
public men who wrote at this period made important contributions to the history of the town and to
Georgia’s social life in general. They played great role for the development of the national culture and
for the progress of the country.
Kutaisi presented then one of the leading centers of culture and education. The pages of the
newspapers and journals of the time are replete with the names of famous people who lived and took
care of the wellbeing of the country and with the facts featuring of their deeds and exploits.
Since 1910 we see the increase of the quantity of daily newspapers. These newspapers were:
"Kolkhida", "Mnatobi", "Imereti," "Tskhovreba", "Dila," "Shinauri Sakmeebi ".
It is impossible to discuss all the literary materials published in "Mnatobi" and "Kolkhida" in
this paper, although on the basis of the studied materials it becomes evident that the 10s of the 20th
century Kutaisi traditionally represented a city seeking for the literary, cultural, and theatrical
newness. Events of literary parties, theatre performances, benefices and meetings with people of arts,
etc. were very frequent here.