PRECALCULUS

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NAME_________________________________________________
Period:________
PRECALCULUS FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET
PART I: Fill in the blanks using the words, expressions or numbers in the
box. Answers do not repeat.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

/2
sec (/3)

increasing
log(x + y)

2
exponential

even

quadratic

[ 1 , 5]

f(x) = csc x
(, )
[ 1, 1]
Vertical
asymptote
f(x) = |x + 2| 1
odd

f(x) = |x 1| + 2
inverse

0, 5

amplitude
log23 = 8
domain
2x3

(5, 2)
cos1(/3)
Horizontal
asymptote
f(x) = sin1(x)
2/3
(0, )
(2, )

decreasing

log28 = 3

(2, 5)
y-intercept

period
0

range
log (xy)

The period of f(x) = tan x is _________.

The domain of f(x) = log (x + 2) is ________________.
The graph of f(x) = |x 5| is ____________________ in the interval (, 5).
The ____________________of f ( x )= x3 is [3, ).
The inverse function of f(x) = sin x is ______________________.
After a vertical translation of 1 unit down and a horizontal translation of 2 units

left, the function f(x) = |x| will have the equation __________________________.
7) Regarding symmetry, the function f(x) = x4 is _______________.
8) The ____________________ of f(x) = 4cos (3x) is 4.
5
f ( x )=
9)
has a ___________________________at x = 4.
x+ 4
10) The x-intercepts of the graph of f(x) = x2 5x are _____________________.
11) The period of the curve given by y = 2sin(3x 1) is equal to ________.
12) The range of f(x) = ln x is _____________________.
13) The ____________________ of f(x) = 4cos (2x) is .
14) The maximum value of f(x) = (x + 7)2 is ______________.
15) The graph of f(x) = 3x is ___________________________ in all its domain.
16) The function f(x) = x2 is called _____________________ and the function f(x) =
2x is called _______________________.
17) The range of f(x) = 2sin x + 3 is _________________.

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18)

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f(x) = x3 x is an example of an ________________ function because f(x) =

f(x).
19) The __________________ function of f(x) = 3x is g(x) = log3 (x).
20) The range of f(x) = ex is ____________________.
21) Given that cos(/3) = 1/2, the value of __________________ is 2.
22) For x, y > 0: log x + log y = ______________________________________.
23) The range of f(x) = cos(4x) is ___________________________.
24) The vertex of the graph of f(x) = (x 2)2 + 5 is _____________.
25) The ________________________ of the graph of f(x) = (0.5)x is 1.
26) The logarithmic form of the expression 23 = 8 is _________________________.
27) The _________________ of f (x) = x2 4 is [4, ).
28) The reciprocal function of f(x) = sin x is _________________________.
29) The function f(x) = 5x + 3 has a __________________________ at y = 3.
1
x0
x = __________.
30)
lim

PART II Answer all questions on separate paper SHOWING ALL YOUR WORK
(graphs can be sketched on the XY-planes provided in the questions that require
graphing).
Graph the following functions and identify the following key features:
a. State the parent function.
b. Describe the transformation of the new function from its parent
function.
c. State domain and range.
d. Write the intervals in which the graph is increasing/decreasing.
e. Find the x- and y-intercepts.

1.

f ( x )= x+ 32

2.

f ( x) x 2 3

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Write the equation of the new function after it has been transformed,
f ( x) x
given
3. Reflected about the x-axis and shifted down three units.
4. Shifted up 5 units and to the right 7.
Describe the transformation of the graph of f ( x ) to h( x) .
2

5. f ( x ) =x h ( x )=x 3 6. f ( x )=x h ( x )=( x7 ) 5

Graph each piecewise function.

7. f ( x ) = x +1if x <0
4 if x 0

8. f ( x )= |x|if x 3
2 x +3 if x >3

Evaluate the function for the given values.

9. f ( x )= |x|if x 3
2 x +3 if x >3

10. g ( x )=

x 2 if x 0
2 x 7 if x >0

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a. f(2)

c. g(4)

b. f(3)

d. g(0)

Using the horizontal line test, are the following functions one-to-one?
11. y = x2
+5

12. y = x2 +7

13. y = 2x

Given f(x) = 25 x2 and g(x) = x2 +12x + 35, find:

14.
16.

(f + g)(x)

15. (f g)(x)

( gf ) ( x ) (Remember domain)

Find the inverse.

18. f ( x ) =5 x 2

19.

17. ( f g ( x )

2
f ( x)= 3
x

20. Verify that the following functions are inverses using compositions.
f ( x )=3 x 2+ 1, x 0

g( x )=

21. Evaluate the following limits.

x 2+ f
a.
=
b.
lim

x1
3

lim f

x 2

c.

x 1+ f
lim

d.

lim f
x 1

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Solve the following quadratic equations by any methods you choose

22. (3 b+ 5 ) ( b3 )=0 23.
2

24. v + 8 v +16=0

25.

26.3 v + 2 v133=0 27.

n2+5 n=0
2

x +3 x28=0
2

13+ p =12 p

28. For the function in standard form: f(x) = x2 + 10x + 14

a) What are the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola?
b) Is the vertex a minimum or maximum? Explain.
29. An object is projected vertically upward. Its distance D in feet above the ground
after t seconds is given by
D(t)= 16t2 + 144t + 100
a) What are the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola?

b) Is the vertex a minimum or maximum? Explain.

30. The half-life of Po-218 is three minutes. How much of a 2-gram sample remains after 15 minutes?
Suppose you wanted to buy some of this isotope, and it required half an hour for it to reach you. How
much should you order if you need to use 0.1 gram of this material? Write an equation and solve.

Express the equation in exponential form.

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31.

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log5 25 = 2

32.

log8 2 = 1/3

Express the equation in logarithmic form.

53 = 125

33.

34.

8-1 = 1/8

35. Evaluate the expression:

a) log6 36
d) log

b) log9 81

c) log3 (1/27)

( 1e )

e) ln

10

f) e

ln 7

Solve for x:
36.

5x+4 = 52x5

37.

log x + log 8 = 2

38. log 5 (x10)=2 39. log 3 35 =x

x
3 x4
x
40. e =e
41. 3(2 )=42
2

3
2( 2 t5)4=11 43.
42.

e 2 x 3 e x +2=0

44. log4 x + log4 (x + 6) = log4 (x2 + 4)

45. A bacterial culture starts with 500 bacteria and doubles in size every hour.
a) How many bacteria are there after 3 hours?
b) Write a function B(t) to represent the number of bacteria after t hours.
c) Estimate when the population reaches 100,000 bacteria.

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46. On a college campus of 5000 students, one student comes back from vacation
with a contagious flu virus. The spread of the virus is modeled by:
y=

5000
t 0,
1+4999 e0.8 t

where y is the total number of students infected after t days.

a) How many students are infected after 5 days?
b) If the colleges policy is to cancel classes if 40% or more of the students are

infected, after how many days will the college cancel classes?

47. Find the value of each trigonometric ratio in the following triangle:
Sin C =
Csc C =
Cos C =
Sec C =
Tan C =
Cot C =
Find the missing side. Round to the nearest tenth.
48.

49.

Convert each degree measure into radians and each radian measure into
degrees.
50.
52.

190

51. 225

7
3
53.
8
5

54.32 55. 8
List one positive and one negative coterminal angle.

56. 45 57.135 58.

3
4

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Find the reference angle.

59. 60.405
2
61.300 62.

7
6

63. Evaluate the sine, cosine, and tangent of the angle without using a calculator.
a) 60 b

7 7
c
c) 2
6
4

64. Find the period and amplitude.

3
x
x
a) y=5 cos x b) y=
sin c) y =3.4 sin ( 2 x ) d) y=4 cos
2
2
2

( )

65. Write the equation of a sine curve with amplitude of 3, a period of 2, a

horizontal shift of /2 to the right, and a vertical shift upward of 1 unit.
66. A student looks out of a second-story school window and sees the top of the
school flagpole at an angle of elevation of 22. The student is 18 ft above the
ground and 50 ft from the flagpole. Find the height of the flagpole.

67. An airplane flies at an altitude of 8 miles toward a point directly over an

observer, as shown in the picture below. Find the angle of elevation if x = 12.5
miles.

68. A company that produces snowboards which are seasonal products, forecasts
monthly sales for one year to be

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S=74.50+43.75 cos

( 6 t )

where S is the sales in thousands of units, and t is the time in months, with t = 1
corresponding to January.
a) Find the number of snowboards sold in March.
b) Determine the months of maximum and minimum sales (Hint: graph the
function).
Evaluate the following without a calculator. Be sure your answer is in the correct
range.
3
69) sin (150)
70) arcsin
71)tan-1(
2
3
)
3

( )

72. If tan x =
73. If sin x =

4
3

is in Quadrant I, find sin x.

12
13

is in Quadrant III, find cos x.

Solve the equation.

74.
2 sin x 1 = 0
(2x) 1 = 0

75.

77. 2 cos (4x) +

78. sin x =

3 = 0

tan x + 1 = 0

76. 2 sin

3 sin x

Verify the identity. Show all work.

79.

(1 cos2x)(tan2x + 1) = tan2x

80.

sec2x tan2x + sec2x = sec4x

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81.

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10

sin 4 x cos 4 x
1
1
=1 82.
+ tan x =
2
2
tan
x
sin
x
cos x
sin x cos x

Find the exact values of sine and cosine of the angle, using a Sum or
Difference formula.
83.

285

84. 345

85. /12

Use the Law of Sines to solve the triangle. If two solutions exist, find
both.
86.

A = 32, B = 50, a = 16

87.

B= 20, C=115,

88.

A = 75, a= 2.5, b = 16.5

89.

B = 150, a = 10,

c= 30
b= 3
Use the Law of Cosines to solve the triangle
90.

91.

94. The initial point of a vector is (8, 3) and the terminal point is (1, 5). Write the
vector as a linear combination of the standard unit vectors i and j.

Find the magnitude and the direction angle of the vector v.

95.

v = 5i +4j

96. v = -4i +7j

Find a unit vector in the direction of:

97. < 0, 2 >

98.

< 2, 5 >

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11

99. A ship leaves port with a heading of N 35 E and travels 9 miles. The ship then
turns due east and travels 2.4 miles. How far is the ship from the port and what is
its bearing?

Find the component form of the vector with the following magnitudes and the direction angles.
100. ||v|| = 7 = 60
101. ||v|| = 3 = 120

Find the magnitude and direction angle for each vector.

102. v = 5i +4j
103. v = -4i +7j

Write the expression as the sine or cosine of an angle.

104. sin 130cos50 + cos 130sin50

105. cos45cos120 - sin45sin120

Find the exact value of the trigonometric function given that sin u =
u>0 and sin u<0.
106. sin(u+v)

107. sin (u-v)

Verify the identity

110. cos (x +
) = -sin x
2

Find the solutions of the equation.

112. sin (x +
) - sin (x )=
2
2

)=1
4

108. cos (u+v)

4
5

and cos v =

7
25

if cos

109. cos (u-v)

111. sin ( x) = sin x

113. cos (x +

) - cos (x
4

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Use multiple-angle formulas

Find the exact values of sin 2u and cos 2u.
5

114. sin u =
,0<u<
7
2

115. cos u =

12

4
,
5

3
2

< u < 2

116. A plane leaves the airport with a heading of 20 traveling at 500 mph. The
wind is blowing with a bearing of 120 at a speed of 35 mph. What is the actual
velocity and bearing of the plane?