TEACHING PRODUCTIVE

SKILL : SPEAKING &

WRITING
GROUP 8 :

ANNISA SEPTIAWATI
MUHAMAD IMAM SANTOSO
NATHASYA ARUM RATNA

INTRODUCTION
There are four basic skills in any language; receptive skills
(reading and listening) and productive skills (speaking and
writing). All are equally important and whenever possible we
should try to incorporate all of them into our lessons if we
want to have a balanced approach. Often we will want to
focus more on one particular skill but still bring others into
create an integrated skills lesson.

 In many ways writing is the most neglected skill in the TEFL world
Teaching English as a Foreign Language, as many teachers don't
like to see the classroom hours devoted to what is often quiet time.
Writing, therefore, is often relegated to homework, which in turn is
frequently not done so the skill is never developed. It is true that
most students prefer to focus on their speaking skills but this doesn't
mean that writing should be ignored. In many ways writing is the
more difficult skill, requiring a greater degree of accuracy. When
speaking, any misunderstanding can be cleared up on the spot,
whereas this is not possible in writing. Speaking, on the other hand,
requires a greater degree of fluency as the speaker will rarely have
time to think and plan an answer.

SPEAKING INVOLVES THREE

AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE
Mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and
vocabulary)
Functions (transaction and interaction)
Social, cultural rules and norms (turn-taking, rate
of speech, length of pauses between speakers,
relatives roles of participants)

SPEAKING SKILL:
When two or more people are communicating to each other,
we can be sure that they are doing so for one of the following
reasons:

They have some communicative purpose.

They want to say something.
They want to listen to something.
They are interested what is being said.

SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
Controlled activities
Drilling
Guided activities
Model dialogues
Guided role-play
Creative communication
Free role-plays
Discussions
Debates
Simulations
Communication games
Singing

Encouraging students to speak:

Many students can seem reluctant to speak in the classroom.
This can be for a variety of reasons, including:
Lack of confidence
Fear of making mistakes
Lack of interest in the topic
Previous learning experience
Cultural reasons.

WRITING SKILL:
Writing carries an equal importance as speaking. But it has quite a
number of differences which separates it from speaking. These are
some of the aspects of effective writing.

Handwriting
Spelling
Layout and punctuation
Grammar.

The difference between conventional

and communicative writing are :
Conventional

Part of grammar lesson

Teacher ( not clear )
Purpose, practice
Linguist competence
Actual steps involved stages to
train students

Provide a sample
Have students to do task

Communicative

Meaningful utterance
Clear audience
Specific purpose
Communicative competence
Situational
Contextual
Audience
Purpose

HOW TO TEACH WRITING:

Teacher should try to write clearly on the board and
encourage them to write with good handwriting.
Give them some of the spelling rules. Do the
exercise to discover spelling rules. In pair, a
student reads out the words and another student
writes it down.
Encouraging students writing diary, letters, stories
and various writing activities.

Spoken and
Written Language

Function in daily
life

Primarily

Action
: labeling, maps, bill, compute, recipes
Information : newspaper, magazines, pamphlets, report, fictions
Entertainment : films, games

THANK
YOU