STALIN MASTER PACKET

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Group Directions:
1. If you are using multiple sources within each box E, please make sure that YOU
CITE EACH AND EVERY SOURCE DIRECTLY AFTER YOU COPY THE QUOTES.
2. Make sure that you are copying WORD FOR WORD from packet 1.
3. AFor each question, make sure that EVs 1 & 2 are 2 different pieces of
information that answer the question.
4. See the handout in Edmodo entitled Master Packet #2 Dictator Groups
Assignment Directions for additional information/directions.
Brayden Jevon Kaity David MaKayla
Assertion 1 Idea: The Rise of Stalin
ASS 1, Q1:What was the state of The Soviet Union prior to Joseph Stalin coming to power?
LOOK AT THE ORDERING OF ALL OF YOUR QUOTES AND MOVE THEM AROUND SO
THEY ARE IN ORDER
APPROVED Box 1 EV1:Box 1 EV1:
:Lenin, who was still in exile, realized this was the moment he had been waiting for. In April
1917, the German authorities allowed him to return to Russia in a sealed train. The Germans
hoped that the Bolsheviks would destabilize Russia and force the country to withdraw from the
war. on his arrival in Petrograd, Lenin immediately published a series of demands, known as
the April Theses, calling for radical oppositions to the Provisional Government.
Source #: Book 12
Citation: Nigel Ritchie page 19
Box 1 EV1: WHICH REVOLT WAS THIS? SPECIFY BECAUSE THERE WERE 2In
November 1917, the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia and set about
establishing the worlds first communist state. In April 1918, Nicholas and his family were
transferred to Yekaterinburg in the Urals, which sealed their doom. Civil war broke out in
Russia in June 1918, and in July the anti-Bolshevik White Russian forces advanced on
Yekaterinburg during a campaign against the Bolshevik forces. Local authorities were ordered
to prevent a rescue of the Romanovs, and after a secret meeting by the Yekaterinburg Soviet,
a death sentence was passed on the imperial family.
Source #: 6
Citation: Nigel Ritchie page 18
Box 1 EV1:The revolt was eventually crushed, and the soviets were closed down, though

not before Czar Nicholas II had issued his October Manifesto, which granted agrarian reform
(allowing the wealthier peasants to buy their own land) and the creation of a representative
parliament, the duma. the duma was suppose to approve all russian laws, but the Czar made
sure it had no real power, dissolving it twice during his reign.
Source #: Website 6
Citation: History.com Staff Joesph Stalin

Box 2 EV2: APPROVED [1918-1924]In early October, Lenin convinced the Bolshevik Party
to form an immediate insurrection against the Provisional Government. The Bolshevik leaders
felt it was of the utmost importance to act quickly while they had the momentum to do so. The
armed workers known as Red Guards and the other revolutionary groups moved on the night
of Nov. 6-7 under the orders of the Soviet's Military Revolutionary Committee. These forces
seized post and telegraph offices, electric works, railroad stations, and the state bank. Once
the shot rang out from the Battleship Aurora, the thousands of people in the Red Guard
stormed the Winter Palace. The Provisional Government had officially fallen to the Bolshevik
regime. Once the word came to the rest of the people that the Winter Palace had been taken,
people from all over rose and filled it. V. I. Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, announced his
attempt to construct the socialist order in Russia. This new government made up of Soviets,
and led by the Bolsheviks. By early November, there was little doubt that the proletariats
backed the Bolshevik motto: "All power to the soviets!"
Source #: 1, webpage
Citation: ThenAgain info,
ASS 1, Q2: How did Joseph Stalin move up through the ranks of the communist party?
Box 3 EV1: APPROVED
In April 1922 Stalin ascended to the position of General Secretary of the ruling Communist
Party, a post that gave him control over all party appointments, promotions, and demotions.
This enabled him to fill the ranks of the Party with his allies and thereby solidify an enormous
power base. He appointed only loyal communists to leadership posts in local trade unions,
cooperatives, and army units; all appointees reported directly to Stalin, who kept detailed files
not only on them, but also on all party members and industrial managers.
Source #: 4, Web Page
Citation: John Simkin, Joseph Stalin
Box 4 EV2: APPROVED As General Secretary Stalin helped Lenin decide all emergency
issues in the difficult first period of the Civil War. At the Party Conference on 3rd April, 1922,
Lenin suggested that a new post of General Secretary of the Central Committee should be
created. Lenin's choice for the post was Stalin, who in the past had always loyally supported
his policies. Stalin's main opponents for the future leadership of the party failed to see the
importance of this position and actually supported his nomination. They initially saw the post of
General Secretary as being no more than Lenin's mouthpiece... Soon after Stalin's
appointment as General Secretary, Lenin went into hospital to have a bullet removed from his
body that had been there since Kaplan's assassination attempt. It was hoped that this
operation would restore his health. This was not to be; soon afterwards, a blood vessel broke

in Lenin's brain. This left him paralyzed all down his right side and for a time he was unable to
speak... As Lenin's mouthpiece, Stalin had suddenly become extremely important. While
Lenin was immobilized, Stalin made full use of his powers as General Secretary... At the Party
Congress he had been granted permission to expel unsatisfactory party members. This
enabled Stalin to remove thousands of supporters of Leon Trotsky, his main rival for the
leadership of the party... As General Secretary, Stalin also had the power to appoint and sack
people from important positions in the government. The new holders of these posts were fully
aware that they owed their promotion to Stalin. They also knew that if their behaviour did not
please Stalin they would`be replaced.
Source #: #11, Webpage
Citation: John Simkin
ASS 1, Q3: How did Stalin solidify power and ultimately become dictator?
Box 5 EV2: APPROVED By the time Lenin [previous leader of the Soviet Union] died, Stalin
was the undisputed master of the Soviet Union. Stalin consolidated his power by murdering or
secretly discrediting his rivals so that there was no one who could challenge his authority.Stalin
proceeded to dismantle the NEP [new economic policy] and eliminate his opposition. He
ordered a series of purges from the late 1920s through the 1930s that resulted in the deaths
of as many as a million soviet citizens (some 10 million were arrested).
Source #: 2, book
Citation: Lansford, pg.31
Box 6 EV2: APPROVED
As head of the Politburo, Stalin consolidated near-absolute power in the 1930s with a Great
Purge of the party, justified as an attempt to expel 'opportunists' and 'counter-revolutionary
infiltrators'. Those targeted by the purge were often expelled from the party, however more
severe measures ranged from banishment to the Gulag labor camps and to execution after
trials held by NKVD operatives.The Purges commenced after the assassination of Sergei
Kirov, the popular leader of the party in Leningrad. Kirov was very close and loyal to Stalin and
his assassination sent chills through the Bolshevik party. It is disputed among historians
whether Kirov's assassination was masterminded by Stalin due to Kirov's growing popularity.
Stalin took advantage of the Kirov assassination to begin tightening security, (and in effect to
remove those who might have threatened Stalin's leadership). He initiated efforts aimed at
identifying alleged spies and counter-revolutionaries.
Source #: 7
Citation: New world Encyclopedia

Assertion 2 Idea: Stalins Maintenance of Power

ASS 2, Q1: How did Stalin improve/take steps to improve the economy?
APPROVED Box 7 EV1:Stalin realized that the USSR needed rapid modernization to survive.
At stake was communisms boast that it could create a powerful, modern state to rival any
created by capitalism. One hundred years of industrial revolution were crammed into intensive
Five-Year Plans. Vital heavy industries such as, coal, iron, steel, electricity, oil and machinery
were established. By 1937, the USSR was the largest industrial power in the world, just behind
the United States.
Source #: 12
Citation: Ritchie, #25
Box 7 EV1: The first Five Year Plan introduced in 1928, concentrated on the development of
iron and steel, machine-tools, electric power and transport. Joseph Stalin set the workers high
targets. He demanded a 110% increase in coal production, 200% increase in iron production
and 335% increase in electric power. He justified these demands by claiming that if rapid
industrialization did not take place, the Soviet Union would not be able to defend itself against
an invasion from capitalist countries in the west.
Every factory had large display boards erected that showed the output of workers. Those that
failed to reach the required targets were publicity criticized and humiliated. Some workers could
not cope with this pressure and absenteeism increased. This led to even more repressive
measures being introduced. Records were kept of workers' lateness, absenteeism and bad
workmanship. If the worker's record was poor, he was accused of trying to sabotage the Five
Year Plan and if found guilty could be shot or sent to work as forced labour on the Baltic Sea
Canal or the Siberian Railway.
Source #: 11
Citation: John Simkin
Box 8 EV2: APPROVED Under the dictator's five-year plans, the Russians had achieved very
uneven results. Most notably they created a great industrial establishment, but were able to
obtain only limited material rewards. Although Stalin meant us not to know many of the
magnitudes, I believe we can gauge the main trends. In 1952, the dictator's next-to-last year,
Soviet industry produced about 6.5 times as much as it did at the beginning of the five-year
plans in 1928. In heavy industries the gains were even greater. Steel production increased
eightfold to 34.5 million tons, coal 8.5 times to 301 million tons, and electric power 23 times to
116 billion kilowatt hours. In a quarter-century the U.S.S.R. became the world's second
industrial Power.
Source #: 17
Citation: Abram Bergson

ASS 2, Q2: How did Stalin manipulate the people to maintain his control?

Box 9 EV1: APPROVED

Stalin ruled by terror and with a totalitarian grip in order to eliminate anyone who might

oppose him. He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy
on one another and had millions of people killed or sent to the Gulag system of forced
labor camps. During the second half of the 1930s, Stalin instituted the Great Purge, a
series of campaigns designed to rid the Communist Party, the military and other parts
of Soviet society from those he considered a threat.
Source #: # 6
Citation: History.com Staff, Joesph Stalin
Box 10 EV2:APPROVED Stalin further created falsified historical accounts by portraying
himself as Lenin's favorite and chosen successor, when in fact Lenin did not trust him. He
sponsored literature which glorified his presumed humble origins, so much so that the small
bungalow in which he was born was encased in glass and surrounded by marble columns.
Stalin was quick to paint those who challenged or even disagreed with him as "enemies of the
revolution." Witnesses were paid to offer false testimony, after which the witnesses themselves
were quieted. With zero dissent and his image constantly before the Soviet People, Stalin was
able to work his will with deftness and efficiency.
Source #: 10
Citation: Larry Gates

Assertion 3: Stalins Involvement in WWII

ASS 3, Q1: Who did Stalin ally himself with at the beginning of WWII? Why? REVISE THE ORDERING
OF YOUR EVS
Box 11 EV1:
In 1939, on the eve of World War II, Joseph Stalin and German dictator Adolf Hitler(1889-1945) signed
a nonaggression pact. Stalin then proceeded to annex parts of Poland and Romania, as well as the
Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. He also launched an invasion of Finland.
Source #: Web Page 6
Citation: History.com Staff, Joesph Stalin
APPROVED Officially a non-aggression treaty only, the Pact had a secret annex according to which
Central Europe was divided into the two powers' respective spheres of influence. The USSR was

promised an eastern part of Poland, primarily populated with Ukrainians and Belorussians in case of its
dissolution, as long as Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were recognized as parts of the Soviet
sphere of influence. Another clause of the treaty was that Bessarabia, then part of Romania, was to be
joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.Both Stalin and
Hitler intended to outwit each other. While Wehrmacht and Red Army had joined small scale tactical
exercise and maneuvers, Stalin tried to get some time to prepare Red Army and raise new leadership,
and Hitler wanted to free his hands for Europe and delude Stalin. While Russia was sending trainloads
of provision, nonferrous metals and other important raw materials to Germany, Germany was
developing Operation Barbarossa.
Source #: 7
Citation: New World Encyclopedia

Box 12 EV2:

DIRECTLY ANSWER THE Q MOVE fixed it

Stalin joined the Allied powers, which included Great Britain (led by Sir
Winston Churchill) and later the United States (led by Franklin D. Roosevelt). Although they
shared a joint enemy, the communist/capitalist rift ensured that mistrust
characterized the relationship.

Source #: 8
Citation: History 1900s
ASS 3, Q2: How did Russias involvement in WW2 effect the country as a whole? REVISE THE
ORDERING OF YOUR QUESTIONS!!!!!!!
Box 13 EV1:
APPROVED Domestically, Stalin was presented as a great wartime leader who had led the Soviets to
victory against the Nazis. By the end of the 1940s, Russian nationalism increased. For instance, some
inventions and scientific discoveries were reclaimed by ethnic Russian researchers. Internationally,
Stalin viewed Soviet consolidation of power as a necessary step to protect the USSR by surrounding it
with countries with friendly governments, to act as a cordon sanitaire (buffer) against possible invaders
(while the West sought a similar buffer against communism).He had hoped that American withdrawal
and demobilization would lead to increased communist influence, especially in Europe. Each side might
view the other's defensive actions as destabilizing provocations and these security dilemmas frayed
relations between the Soviet Union and its former World War II western allies and led to a prolonged
period of tension and distrust between East and West known as the Cold War.
Source #: 7
Citation: New World Encyclopedia Staff, Joseph Stalin
Box 14 EV2:APPROVED

Most of Eastern Europe was devastated and destabilized from WWII. The USSR takes advantage,
setting up communist governments in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania and
Bulgaria. The Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are simply added directly to the Soviet
Union. The USSR also keeps the northern part of East Prussia (formerly part of Germany), naming it
Kaliningrad Oblast, to give it a badly needed warm-water port in the Baltic Sea. With this gain in territory,
the USSR becomes a leading world power, along with the U.S., as it is strengthened while other
European powers are weakened."

FIX CITATION
Source #: 13, Web Page
Citation: Effect of WW2 on Each Country
CITATION IS STILL INCORRECTfixed it