Moody's Chart

.
A WATER RESOURCES TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH NO. 27
Moments and Reactions for

Rectangular Plates
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT
OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
A WATER RESOURCES TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
Engineering Monograph NO. P7
Moments and Reactions for

Rectangular Plates
By W. T. MOODY
Division of Design
Denver, Colorado
United States Department of the Interior
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the
Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public
lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of
our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserv-
ing the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and
historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through out-
door recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral
resources and works to assure that their development is in the best
interests of all our people. The Department also has a major respon-
sibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people
who live in Island Territories under U.S. Administration.
First Printing: October 1963

Revised: July 1963
Reprinted: April 1966
Reprinted: July 1970
Reprinted: June 1975
Reprinted: December 1976
Reprinted: January 1978
Reprinted: April 1980
Reprinted: March 1983
Reprinted: June 1986
Reprinted: August 1990
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1978
Preface
THIS MONOGRAPH presents a series of tables con- As supplementary guides to the use and devel-
taining computed data for use in the design of opment of the data compiled in this monograph,
components of structures which can be idealized two appendixes are included. The first appendix
as rectangular plates or slabs. Typical examples presents an example of application of the data to
a typical structure. The second appendix explains
are wall and footing panels of counterfort retaining
the basic mathematical considerations and develops
walls. The tables provide the designer with a
the application of the finite difference method to
rapid and economical means of analyzing the the solution of plate problems. A series of
structures at representative points. The data drawings in the appendixes presents basic relations
presented, as indicated in the accompanying which will aid in application of the method to
figure on the frontispiece, were computed for fivl: other problems. Other drawings illustrate appli-
sets of boundary conditions, nine ratios of lateral cation of the method to one of the specific cases
dimensions, and eleven loadings typical of those and lateral dimension ratios included in the
encountered in design. monograph.
Acknowledgments
The writer was assisted in the numerical The figures were prepared by H. E. Willmann.
computations by W. S. Young, J. R. Brizzolara, Solutions of the simultaneous equations were
and D. Misterek. H. J. Kahm assisted in the performed using an electronic calculator under the
computations and in checking the results obtained. direction of F. E. Swain.
CASE I CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5
PLATE FIXED *Lowe
FOVR EOBES
BOUNDARY CONOITIONS
0f------- f----
G
LOAD I
L-p-A
LOAD n LOAD IU
I-
L!kl
id- pd
LOAD Ip
i-d
LOAD
;pd
Y
“NWORY LOAD OVER “NlFORY LOAD OVER “WlFORYLI “ARIINO LOAD “NlFORYLl “ARIINO LOAD
e/3 THE “EIBHT 113 THE HEIOHT OVER THE FVLL HEIGHT OVER e/3 TM ns,en*
OF THE PLITE OF THE PLATE OF THE PLATE OF THE PLATE
-H p L-
LOAD H LOAD PII LOAD Pm LOAD iI LOAD I
“NlFORYL” “AWlNO LOAD UNIFORM YOYEW ALOW UNIFORM LINE LOAD “WIFORYL” “m”I*e LOAD
OVER l/6 THE “ElB”f IHE soce y - b FOR ILOWOWE FREEEOBE D- o ALOWOy-b/e
OF T”E PLATE OASES I, L. AND 5 FOR OASES I AND 3
f-
P
7--
P-q
k-----a----+
LOAD H
“WIFORYLI “ARIIYB LOAD
p - 0 ALON0 x - a,*
LOADING CONDITIONS
NOTES
The variaus cases are analyzed for the indicated
ratios of o/b.
Coses I, e, and 3: I/B, 1f4, 3/a, I, ond 3/z.
3/s, I/Z,
Cose 4 : l/8, l/4, 3/0, I/2,
314, and I.
Case 5 : 310, I/S?,3/4, 7/e, ond I.
s/8,
All results are bored on a Poisson’s ratio of 0.2.
INDEX OF BOUNDARY AND LOADING CONDITIONS
-FRONTISPIECE
Contents
Page
.. .
Preface and Acknowledgments -----____-___________--__ ill
Frontispiece __------________________________________--------- iv
Introduction ________________________.______
- _________________ 1
Method of Analysis ______________________________

-- ______ 3
Results ________________________________________-------
-- ______ 5
Effect of Poisson’s Ratio- ___________________________- ________ 6
Accuracy of Method of Analysis--------------------- 43

Appendix I ______________________________ - _________________ 45
An Application to a Design Problem-- - - ___________- ___ ________ 45
Appendix I I ________________________________________________ 49
The Finite Difference Method- _ _ _ _________________________- _- 49
Introduction____________________________---------------- 49
General Mathematical Relations- _ ____-__ ______________-_ _ 49
Application to Plate Fixed Along Three Edges and Free Along
the Fourth__________________________________--------- 54
List of ,Re f erences------------------------------------_____ 89
LIST OF FIGURES
Number PW
1. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
I, uniform load- ------------------ >---------_-------------- 7
II, 213 uniform load _____________ ___________________________ 8
III, l/3 uniform load--------- ______________________________ 9
IV, uniformly varying load _________________________________ _ 10
V
vi CONTENTS
Number me
V, 213 uniformly varyingload _---__--_______ ------- ________ 11
VI, l/3 uniformly varying load -------- ____________________ 12
VII, l/6 uniformly varyingload--_-----..------ ______________ 13
VIII, moment at free edge------- _____ ---------- ____________ 14
IX, lineload at free edge---------------------- _____________ 15
10. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load I, uniform load---- - - - _ - __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ 16
reaction coefficients, Load II, 213 uniform load_ - _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 17
reaction coefficients, Load III, l/3 uniform load- - - - __ __ _ __ _ _ _ 18
reaction coefficients, Load IV, uniformly varying load - _ __ _ __ _ __ 19
reaction coefficients, Load V, 213 uniformly varying load--_ __ _ __ 20
reaction coefficients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly varying load_- _ __ _ _ 21
reaction coefficients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly varying load- __ _ _ _ 22
reaction coefficients, Load VIII, moment at hinged edge- - - - - - _ _ 23
18. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, mo-
ment and reaction coefficients, Load I, uniform load--- __ _ _ __ _ _ 24
ment and react,ion coefficients, Load II, 213 uniform load _ _ _ _ __ _ 25
ment and reaction coefficients, Load III, l/3 uniform load- _- _ _ 26
ment and reaction coefficients, Load IV, uniformly varying load. 27
ment and reaction coefficients, Load V, 213 uniformly varying
load----_______-----____________________------------------ 28
ment and reaction coefficients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly varying
load_-__-------_________________________------------------ 29
ment and reaction coefficients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly varying
load- ---__-_-_-----__------~~~~~~~~--~~------------------ 30
ment and reaction coefficients, Load VIII, moment at free edge- - 31
26. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges,
moment and reaction coefficients, Load IX, line load at free edge- 32
27. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefll-
cients, Load I, uniform load--- __________- ------------------ 33
CONTENTS vii
Number page
28. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coef-
ficients, Load II, 213 uniform load------------- ______________ 34
ficients, Load III, l/3 uniform load- _ - - - - - - - _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ 35
ficients, Load IV, uniformly varying load- - _- - _ - - - - _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ 36
ficients, Load V, 2/3 uniformly varying load- _- - - - - - - _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ 37
ficients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly varying load- _- - - - _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 38
ficients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly varying load-- _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ 39
34. Plate fixed along four edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
I,uniformload____-----------_____________________-------- 40
X, uniformly varying load, p=O along y=b/2------- __________ 41
XI, uniformly varying load, p=O along x=a/2---------------.. 42
37. Counterfort wall, design example---~---------------~-~~~~~-~..~ 46
38. Grid point designation system and notation- _- - - _- _ - - _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 50
39. Load-deflection relations, Sheet I _______________ --__--_-------- 56
40. Load-deflection relations, Sheet II----------------------------- 57
41. Load-deflection relations, Sheet III---------------------------- 58
42. Load-deflection relations, Sheet IV __________ -___--_-------_---- 59
43. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 3 at h; 1 at h/2, Sheet V- 60
44. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 2 at h; 2 at h/2, Sheet VI- 61
45. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 2 at h; 1 at h/2; 1 at h/4,
SheetVII___-_-----______________________----------------- 62
46. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h; 3 at h/2, Sheet
VIII--__-----_-_----------------------------------------- 63
47. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h; 1 at h/2; 2 at h/4,
SheetIX___-_________-_-______________________----------- 64
48. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 each at h, h/2, h/4,
and h/8, Sheet X------------- _____________________________ 6.5
49. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/2, Sheet Xl _ _ _ _ _ 66
50. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/2; 3 at h/4, Sheet
XII------------------------- -------------------------- --- 67
51. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/2 ; 1 at h/4; 2 at
h/8, Sheet XIII--------------- _______-_____________________ 68
52. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/4, Sheet XIV--- - 69
53. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/4; 3 at h/8, Sheet
xv ____ -------------------- ------------------------------ 70
54. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/8, Sheet XVI---- 71
55. Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: 4 at rh/2, Sheet XVII- 72
56. Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: 3 at rh/2; 1 at rh,
SheetXVIII_-------_------------------------------------- 73
57. Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: 2 at rh/2; 2 at rh,
SheetXIX _______________________ --- _________ -_-_-_- ______ 74
58. Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: 1 at rh/2 ; 3 at rh,
Sheet xX-__-_------_--_--________________________________ 75
Viii CONTENTS
Number PW
59. Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: 4 at rh, Sheet XXI- _ 76
60. Moment-deflectionrelations--- ______________--_--___-- ________ 77
61. Moment-deflection relations, various point spacings- _____________ 78
62. Shear-deflection relations, Sheet I--- __- - - - __- - - ________________ 79
63. Shear-deflection relations, Sheet II-------------- ____- __________ 80
64. Shear-deflection relations, Sheet III- ___________________________ 81
65. Load-deflection coefficients, r=1/4, p=O.2------- ____ -- _________ 82
66. Plate fixed along three edges-30 equations for determining unknown
deflections. a/b=114 _______________--______ --- ____--- _____ 83
67. Plate fixed along three edges, deflection coefficients. a/b=114
Variousloadings________--_---____________---___----_______ 84
68. Plate fixed along three edges-20 equations for determining unknown
deflections. a/b=114 _______________________---___---- _____ 85
69. Numerical values of typical moment and reaction arrays, r=1/4,
p=o.2 __-____-___-------______________________------------ 86
70. Plate fixed along three edges, deflections-reactions-bending
moments,Load I. a/b=1/4, p=O.2----------- ____ ----- _______ 87
LIST OF TABLES
NUmb6T Pap
1. Effect of Poisson’s Ratio (p) on Coefficients of Maximum Bending

Moment at the Center of a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate
Fixed along Four Edges _______--_-___-___----_------ _____--- 6
2. Comparison of Coefficients of Maximum Bending Moment at the
Center of a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate Fixed along
FourEdges____________--________-____________________-____ 43
3. M, for Heel Slab at Supports------- ________--- _____-_---- ______ 47
4. M, for Heel Slab at Supports- ____-- ______--__- _________-- ______ 47
5. M,forWallSlabatSupports ____ -- _-____________________- _____ 48
6. M, for Wall Slab at Supports- __ _______________________________ 48
Introduction
CERTAIN COMPONENTS of many structures may be II of this monograph, makes possible the analysis
logically idealized as laterally loaded, rectangular of rectangular plates for any of the usual types
plates or slabs having various conditions of edge of edge conditions, and in addition it can readily
support. This monograph presents tables of take into account virtually all types of loading.
coefficients which can be used to determine An inherent disadvantage of the method lies in
moments and reactions in such structures for the great amount of work required in solution of
various loading conditions ,and for several ratios the large number of simultaneous equations to
of lateral dimensions. which it gives rise. However, such equations can
The finite difference method was used in the be readily systematized and solved by an electronic
analysis of the structures and in the development calculator, thus largely offsetting this disadvan-
of the tables. This method, described in Appendix tage.
Method of Analysis
THE FINITE difference method is based on t,he In this study, for each load and ratio of lateral
usual approximate theory for the bending of thin dimensions, deflections were determined at 30 or
plates subjected to lateral loads.‘* The custom- more grid points by solution of an equal number of
ary assumptions are made, therefore, with regard simultaneous equations. A relatively closer spac-
to homogeneity, isotropy, conformance with ing of points was used in some instances near
Hooke’s law, and relative magnitudes of de- fixed boundaries t’o attain the desired accuracy in
flections, thickness, and lateral dimensions. (See this region of high curvature. For the a/b ratios
Appendix II.) l/4 and l/8, one and two additional sets, respec-
Solution by finite differences provides a means tively, of five deflections were determmed in the
of determining a set of deflections for discrete vicinity of the x axis. Owing to the limitations on
points of a plate subjected to given loading and computer capacity, these deflections were com-
edge conditions. The deflections are determined puted by solutions of supplementary sets of 20
in such a manner that the deflection of any point, equations whose right-hand members were func-
together with those of certain nearby points, tions of certain of the initially computed deflections
satisfy finite difference relations which correspond as well as of the loads. In each case, the solution
to the differential expressions of the usual plate of the equations was made through the use of an
electronic calculator.
theory. These expressions relate coordinates and
Computations of moments and reactions were
deflections to load and edge conditions.
made using desk calculators and the appropriate
finite difference relations. The finite difference
*Numbers in superscript refer to publications in List of References on
page 89. relations used are discussed in Appendix II.
FIGURES 1 through 36 present the results of these Load V: Uniformly varying load over 213
studies as tables of dimensionless coefficients for the height of the plate.
the rectangular components of bending moment Load VI: Uniformly varying load over l/3
and for reactions at the supports. The studies the height of the plate.
were carried out for the following edge, or boun- Load VII : Uniformly varying load over l/6
dary, conditions : the height of the plate.
Case 1: Plate fixed along three edges and Load VIII: Uniform moment along the
free along the fourth edge. edge y=b of the plate for Cases 1, 2, and 3.
Case 2: Plate fixed along three edges and Load IX: Uniform line load along the free
hinged along the fourth edge. edge of the plate for Cases 1 and 3.
Case 3: Plate fixed along one edge, free Load X: Uniformly varying load, p=O
along the opposite edge, and hinged along along y=b/2.
the other two edges. Load XI : Uniformly varying load, p = 0
Case 4: Plate fixed along two adjacent along x=a/2.
edges and free along the other two edges. Plates with the following ratios of lateral
Case 5: Plate fixed along four edges. dimensions, a, to height b, were studied for
The loads, selected because they are represent- the first four cases: l/8, l/4, 318, l/2, 314, 1, 312.
ative of conditions frequently’ ‘encountered in The analysis was carried out for these cases
structures, are : using Loads I through IX and all dimension
Load I: Uniform load over the full height ratios, except that Load IX was omitted from
of the plate. Case 2 for obvious reasons, and Loads VIII and
Load II: Uniform load over 2/3 the height IX and the ratio a/b=312 were omitted from
of the plate. Case 4. It will be noted that for the first three
Load III: Uniform load over l/3 the height cases, which have symmetry about a vertical axis,
of the plate. the dimension a denotes one-half of the plate
Load IV: Uniformly varying load over the width, and for the fourth, unsymmetrical case, a
full height of the plate. denotes the full width. For Case 5, lateral
5
6 MOMENTS AND REACTIONS FOR RECTANGULAR PLATES
dimension ratios of 318, l/2, 518, 3/4, 718 and 1 can be determined easily, since the deflections
were studied, subjected to Loads I, X, and XI. computed from finite difference theory are in-
For this case, a and b denote the full lateral dependent of Poisson’s ratio. Futhermore, the
dimensions. All numerical results are based on bending moments at, and normal to, the fixed
a value of Poisson’s ratio of 0.2. edges are unaffected by this factor. It is reason-
The arrangement of the tables is such t,hat able then to conclude that insofar as the moments
each coefficient, both for reaction and moment, which are most important in design are concerned,
appears in the tables at a point which corresponds the maximum effect for this case will occur at
geometrically to its location in the plate as shown the center of the slab.
in each accompanying sketch. Table 1 shows a comparison of maximum bend-
ing moment coeflicients at the center of a uniformly
loaded plate for several values of p and for each
Effect of Poisson’s Ratio
ratio of a/b for which Case 5 was computed.
A question which frequently arises is: What For a change in Poisson’s ratio from 0.2 to 0.3
effect does Poisson’s ratio have on the bending it is noted that the maximum effect on the bending
moments in a plate? For the plate fixed along moment coefficient occurs at a/b= 1, where the
four sides, a clear understanding of this effect change in the coefficient is less than 8 percent.
TABLE l.-Effect of Poisson’s Ratio (p) on Coeficienk of Maximum Bending Moment at the Center of a Uniformly
Loaded Rectangular Plate Fixed Along Four Edges
-%
Values of M./pa*
“;I 0. 375
0
- 0.0423
0.1
-0.0424
0.2
-0. 0424
0.3
-0.0425
0. 5 - 0.0403 - 0.0407 -0.0411 -0.0415
0.625 -0.0358 -0.0367 -0.0376 -0. 0384
0. 75 -0.0298 -0.0311 -0. 0324 -0.0337
0. 875 -0. 0235 -0.0251 -0.0267 -0. 0283
1. 0 -0.0177 -0. 0195 -0.0213 -0. 0230
__.--.-...-.-._-_ -..
RESULTS
Moment-: (Coefflctent) (pb’)

Reaction : (Coefftclent) (pb)
X
POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION
FIGURE l.-Plate .tixed along three edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load I, uniform load.
IO IO lo IO IO I
32 i-.0039 1 0 n I n.
.“a-<
31-.029sl 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0
Moment = (Goefficient)(pfl)
Reaction = (Goefficient)( pb)
FIGURE 2.-P&e $xed along three edges, moment and reaction coeflcients, Load ZZ, 913 uniform load.
RESULTS
P
MI -- v
Moment = (Coefficieni) (pb’) Rx

Reaction = (Coefficient) (pb) RV
tX
’ 0 My
@
W I
POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION
FIGURE 3.-Plate $xed along three edges, moment and reaction coeflcients, Load III, l/S uniform load.
I “._.-..-.- ~..
I \I , ..“T”..
t I I 0 I+ IlId7 I+ on99
I I 1.0 I+ 3177 lt.oe57r;
MI I/’
-+-
Moment = (Goefficient)(pb*) -.I 4
0 RV
I?eOCflOn= (Coefficient)(pb)
%iiJ,’ Mv
+X
WV I
FIGURE k--Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load IV, uniformly varying loud.
_.-.-.--.--.- .______-
RESULTS
I I I 0 I- 0155 I+ 0025 I
..
t m\bI+
, 001, I+ 1712 I+ 2595
I # ---- I --- I t .3224 +. 3329 t.3356

I
Y ”
1
MI -+- IJP
Moment : (Coefficlent)( pb2.)
’ Rx
Reaction = (Coefflcient)( pb) b
X
0
” M,
w
W
FIGURE B.-Plate Jixed along three edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load V, .9/S uniformly varying load.
Moment = (Coefficient)ipb’)
Reaction = (Goefficient)( pb )
I
W.
FIQURE B.-Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load VI, l/S uniformly varying load.
-.-..--.__-. .._
RESULTS
*--
0_-_
iGee
_, ---O---~
, ---
t Moment f (Coefficient)(pb*)
Aeoction = (Coefficient)( pb)
+X
0 ill.ii -i-, W
POSITIVE
I
SISN CONVENTION
FIGURE 7.-Plate jixed along three edges, moment and reaction coejkients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly varying load.
f-P
M. --JI p
Moment : (Coefficient)( M)
Reaction : (Coefficient)($)
Al--l. I .
X
1 FOSITIVE SIQN CCNVENTION
FIGURE 8.-Plate jked along three edges, moment and reaction coejkients, Load VIII, moment at free edge.
RESULTS 15
+ 0185 t 0226 i.0261 +.0264 +.wg,

~,-.012’,+~~O036~~1-- +.0064 l-’ .0107 t.0147 +01j4 + 0164
-~~~ $0036~ +:0056/+.007g/
0.2 I-.OiSO I-.0004~*.0004~+.0006~+.0004[+.0001 I-.OOOOI-.o001 1+.0003 +:0010 +.001, +.0022 t.0024
.“..,T
-39111 n I n I n I n I n I n
;I+.0746 +.0666I+.O655 +.0644]
Moment = (GoeffIcient)
Reaction = (Goefflcient)(F)
I
W
moment and reaction coeflcients, Load IX, line load at free edge.
.__-
~-++
I ---+I
F., _---
T
hinged
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb*)
a Reoctiin = (Coefficicnt)( pb)
a IIriIll ---- i - -X
POSITIVE SION CONVENTION
Fxa UaE lO.-Plate jixed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coeficiente, Load I, uniform load.
RESULTS 17
, 4
0.8 I .o 0 1 0.2 [ 0.4 1 0.6 [ 0.6 [ 1.0
+.0017 +.0020
0 0 0 IO lo IO I” In
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb’)
Reaction = (Coefficient)( pb )
LE Il.-Plate jized along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coejicients, Load ZZ, d/S unifol vn load.
MOMENTS AND REACTIONS FOR RECTANGULAR PLATES
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb’)
Aeoction = (Coefficient)( pb)
X
FIQURE l2.-Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coefficients, Load III, l/S unifor .rn load.
RESULTS
Moment = (Coefficirnt)(pb*)
Reaction = (Coefficicnt)( pb )
X
0 POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION
FIGURE 13.-Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coeficients, Load IV, uniformly varying
load.
-.--_._-_-.._-.--
--..--.
Moment = (Coefficient)(pff)
Reaction = (Coefficient)( pb )
+-X
FIGURE 14.-Plate fxed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coefkients, Load V, d/3 uniformly
varying load.
.._...-..-.---..-
-.--
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb*)
Reaction = (Coefficient)( pb)
FIGURE 15.-Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coejkients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly
varying load.
Moment = (Goefficient)(pb?
FIGURE 16.-Plate jixed along three edges--Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coejicients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly
varying load.
RESULTS 23
Moment = (Coefficient)( M)
Reaction = (Coefficient)($),
FIGURE 17.-Plate $xed along three edges-Hinged along one edge, moment and reaction coeficiente, Load VIII, moment at
hinged edge.
Y
~+--*--+*
._-
-f
0
I
I
Moment
Reaction
= (Coefficlent)
= (Coefficient)
(pb’)
(pb )
--_ L-x
FIQURE 18.-Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, and reaction coefkients, Load I, uniform
load.
25
gt-.00371-.00531-.00631-.0067i
r1-.02’351 0 ~-.0140~-.0220~-.026lt-.0277kO262i
M. -+-I/
Moment
Reoctlon
= (Coefficient)
= (GoeffIcIent)
(pb’)
(pb)
f&l’ R.^ .
FIG E lg.-Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load II,
uniform load.
P
MI -- v
Moment : (Coefficient) (pb*) ’ h

Reaction = (Coefficient) (pb ) fb tX
’ I My
W@
FIQURE 20.-Plate jkced along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coejkients, Load III, l/S
uniform load.
RESULTS
Ma -+-IA
Moment
Reoctaon
= (Coefflclent)
= (Coeffxlent)
(pb’)
(pb)
’ R.Rv
X
W.
d&iJ- I
MY
FIGURE 21.-Plate jixed along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coeflcients, Load IV, unifol
varying load.
- .-._- __--
--_
f
Moment = (caefflclent)(pb’)
f?eactlon = (Coefflcient)( pb)

+X
I
W
FIGURE 22.-Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load V,
uniformly varying load.
29
Moment = (Coefficlent)(pb*)
FI :GuRE 23.-Plate fixed along along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coejicients, Load VI, 11s
i
Moment = (Coofficiant)( pb’)
heOCtiOn = (Coefflcient)( pb)
W
FIGURE 24.-Plate fized along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load VII, l/6
Moment - (Coefflcient)( M)
Reaction = (Coeffxwnt)(j-1
FIG URE 25.-Plate jixeu along one edge-Hinged along two opposite edges, mom&t and reaction coeficients, Load VIII, momen tt
at free edge.
_.-.-.-__.-.- ._-__..
32
Moment = (Coefftcient)( Fb)

Reoctlon : (Coefficient)( F )
FIGURE 26.-Plate fixed along one along two opposite edges, and reaction coqjicients, Load IX, 1ine
load at free edge.
RESULTS
~.0160~+.0061~+.0029~+.0002) 0
““151-.00241-.00301
~00061+~00l71+ 00321+.00471 0 0 1+.00291+ 0066~+.0159~+ 02361+,0304
.ol76 I+.0060 1t.0002 0 1 +.OlZl I+.0067 I+.0020 l-.0018
0 -
Rx
\-.0401 t.0011 +.I576 t.3024 +.5696 l .9739
I.0 +.6290+. 1977 +.0952 t.0296 -.0059 ~0162 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
__..
~_ 0 6. +.7827 ‘--- -- - --- I- .003Zl- .OllO 1
^ ^.__ _---
0.6 1 - .0023 - .0079
~+.0377~+.OlZOl+ OOOII- .0026 1 -0 ~~+.0165~+.006’~-.00051-.004z~-.UUb~(-.~0
1 -~3 LO.2 I+.0741 ~.0282~+.0144(+.0077~+ .00721+ .0061 1 0 1

\
0 d -.0696 0 +.0041 +.0125 + .0221 + .0326
-.0696 +.0333 +.2595 +.4574 +.7920 +I.1266

,
LY
I 1 0 I- .oesrl 0 I+ .00721+.0207)+ .03451+.04941 0 0 ~1+.03621
; ---.- 0 .---.+.
I
Moment = (GoefficIent) (pb*)
Reaction : (Coefficient) (pb)
I I
04~~~/~~~/~~~~J
--Y- x p4
;p&
W
FIGURE 27.-Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load I, uniform load.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 0 0.2 0.d 1 ! 0.6 j 0.6 1 I. 0

I 1
I.0 l-.0014 +.00021*.00021+.0002l+ 0001 1+.0001 I 0 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0
1 -co 1 0.8 ~+.00751+.OOll ~+.0006~+.0006~+.0004~+ 00021 0 I+ 0002/+ 00021+.00021+ 0002/+.00031+.00031

~6~+.0035~+.0019~+.0008)+.0001 ( 0 ~+.00~~j+.00071+.00031+.00001- OOOII-.00021
+.I209 +.0067 +.0040 + 0021 +.0008 +.0001 0
l .0046 0 +.0001 +.ooos t.0009 +.0013 0

+.0046j-.Ob61 +.0505 +. 1061 l 2023 + 3114
-.0167 +.0028: +.0031 t.0026 + 0020 + 0011
Ra
y-.0822 - OOl2(+ 1050 +.2030 l .3661 + 5432
I.0 -.0462 +.0102 +.0106 +.0065 +.0055 +.0026 0 0 0 I. 0. ‘1 0 1 0 I 0

0. e t.0819 +.0213 +.0149 +.009
-0.6. t.2733
+ ~-~ -r -- - r --+-- -,----A - ( - c , I I 4
0.4 +.3352 t.0384 +.0165 t.0063 L - .-0003 1-.0022 ! 0 !+.0077~~.00241- 0~~-.00~6~~.00~6~/~.0ll6 1
,Ib [~~+:I&]+ .%$,@7 -.0003 - 0010 1 0
0 1 +.0011 t.0031 +.0055 t.0079 0
-.0069~+.0125~+.1333 +.22851+.39631+.5629
+.0019 + 0053 +.00691+.0125 0

-.0250~+.0436[+.l939~+.3C7l 1+.46931+.6544
-I!
+.0524 +.034l +.0153 +.0026 -.0022 0
I I
+.0542 +.0113 -.0042 -.00741-.0051 t-7
Moment : (Coefficient) (pb’)

Reoctlon = (Coefficient) (pb)
3-X
W I
POSITIVE Sl(iN CONVENTION
FIQURE 28.-Plate jbed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load II, $713 uniform load.
RESULTS
I - I 0.2 ~+.1774~+.0131~+.0020~-.00171-.00241-.00171 0 I+.Ofi261-.OOl71-.00471-.00641
f I.0
R.
~Y~+.00481+.16151+.2512~+.2874~t.3312~+.3489~
t .0052 t.0104 t .0059 +.0016 -.0006 -.OOl I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I
0. a t.0356 t.0116 l .0053 t.0011 -.0008 -.OOlO 0 +.0023 t .OOl2 + .0002 - .0007 - .0014 - .0020
-
0. 6 + .0430 t .Ol26 t.0041 - .0002 - .OOl6 - .0013 0 f.0025 t.0008 - .0012 -.0026 - .OOM - .0046
II
- 0.4 +.I052 +.0135 +.OOl3 -.0022 -.0025 -.0017 0 t .0027 - .002 I - .0053 - .0069 - .0075 - .0060
0. 2 + .I682 f.0094 -.0015 -.0023 -.0015 -.0005 0 t .0019 - .0045 - .0055 - .0043 - .0029 - .0020
0 It.oos + .0033 + .0057 +.0072 t .I3383 0 0
+ .2052 + .2808 t .3064 t .3372 t .3473
Moment = (Coefficient) (pb*)
Reaction = (Coefficient) (pb)
FIGURE 29.-Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load III, l/S uniform load.
+.0075 +.0007 +.0006 +.0004 +.oooz +.0001 0 0

;.0252 +.0017 t.0011 +.0006 +.0003 +.OOOl 0 + .0003
I I
l .0056 -.0008 .o
0.4 ~+.2050j+.~246~+.0122 ~+.0045~+.0002 l-.0012 1 0 (+.0049~+.0017~.
m 0.2 [+.I413 ~+.0162~+.0056~+.0010 )-.0005 I-.0004) 0 I+.oo52/+
i? 0.8
0.6 +.2303
+.2067 +.0459
+.0467 +.0195
+.0242 +,0064
+.0046 -.0002
-.0023 -.0036
-.0027 0 +.0097
+.0092 +.0040
+.oozo -.0044
0004 -.0093 - 0129
I, 0.4 +.2363 t.0360 +.Ol2l +.OOlO -.0030 -.0029 0 +.0072 -.0003 -.0060 -.0096 -.Oll7
I I ~~ I I
1 p 1 0.2 ~*.1193~+.01~0~+.0042~+.0005~+.0006(+.00l6 I 0 I,+,0032 +.oooa +.0019 +.0050 +.ooe3 +.01oLl
-.0194 0 +.0029 +.0070 +.0110 +.014a 0 0 +.0147 +.0352 l .0546 + 0740 t.0696
R” n
I v-.0194~+.1105~+.2399(+.32: 561+.44891+.5505i
I ----1
I.0 +.I917 +.0662 +.0291 +.0056 -.0059 -.0077 0 I 0 I ’ 0
- 0.6 )+.23641+.0518 I+.0173 l+.OOO4!-.00591-.0054 I
+.0046 t.0103 t.0152 l .0197 0 +.0232 +.0515 +.0759 +.0987 + 1157
Moment = (Coefficient) (pb*)
Reoctton = (Coefftcient) ( pb)
c 0-A POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION
FIG IURE 30.-Plate $xed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load IV, uniformly varying load.
RESULTS 37
I Mx MY
0.2 0.4 0.6 O.SlI.0 0 lo2looln~lnnlln
-.- -. . -.v .,.- ..”
1.0 -.OOOJ +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0. e +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.oooo o -
+.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.0001 +.0001 +.0001
2
0.6 + 0144 +.OOi I +.0007 t.0004 +.OOOZ +.OOOI o +.oooe +.0002 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001
-. ..-
II 0.4 +.os& +.0030 +.0019 ;.&so +.0004 +.0001 0 + 0006 +.0004 +.OOOi +.0001 - boo0 -.OOOI
.-
c, 0.2 +.0843 +.0044 +.0026 COO13 COO04 + 0000 0 + ones -7Mms -
I - I 0.6 I+ 00311+.00171+.00141+ 00111+.0007(+.0003) o 1+.ooo3~+.ooo3~+.ooo4~+.ooo57+.ooo6~
I I , 0 +.0022 + 0061 t.0103 t.0146 t.0181

I+.1661 1+.2646/+.35441
I.0 -.0169 +.0022 +.0027 +.0023 +.0016 +.0006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
s 0.0 +.0147 l .0053

l .0099
t.0040 +.0027 t.0015 +.0006 0 +.ooll
--
+.0009
-~-.__-..-
+.0009 +.oooe
_.-..
+.0009 +.0010
II
0.6 . +.0565 + 0059 +.0029 t 0010 -.OOOO 0 t.0020 +.0012 +.0005 -.OOOl -.0006 -.0009
0.4 +.1351 t.0148 +.0069 +.0020 -.0004 - 0011 0 +.0030 +.0008 -.OOlZ -.0029 -.0042 -iOil
s 0.2
0
r.1353
+.Ol25
WY
I?.
T.0117
+.0125
0
t.0040
+.oooe
+.0460
+.0003
+.0019
+.I236
-.OOll
+.0031
+.I740
-.OOll
+.0043
+.25381+.3159
0
0
+.0023
0
+.OOOO
+.0038
-.0019
+.0097
-.0033
t.0156
-.0042
+.0213
-.0049
+ 0257
I.0 -.0220 +.0052 +.0053 t.0039 +.0023 t.0010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.8 +.0298 +.0095 + 0065 +.0036 +.0016 t.0005 0 COO19 t.0014 +.OOlO +.0006 +.0004 +.0003
~~- ~~~~~~__ ~~~ -~ -.~
0. 6 +.0753 +.0143 +.00!6 t.0030 t.0004 -.0005 0 +.0029 +.OOl4 -.OOOl -.0014 -.0025 -.0031
0.4 +.I506 +.0176 +.0068 +.OOlO -.0015 -.0017 0 +.0036 +.0002 -.0026 -.0052 -.0070 -.0062
0.2 +.1313 +.0119 +.0030 -.0005 -.0014 -.OOlO 0 +.0024 -.0005 -.0025 -.0036 -.0041 -.0044
0 t.0050 0 +.0013 +.060 +.0046 +.0060 0 0 +.0063 +.0146 t.0226 +.0301 +.0358
WY
R. +.0050 +.0755 +.I616 +.2132 +.2673 +.3382
I.0 -.0036 +.0130 +.0092 +.0045 +.OOlZ -.0003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.8 +.0540 +.0163 +.0090 +.0036 +.0005 -.0006 0 +.0033 +.0016 +.oobs -.0007 -.0016 -.0023
0.6 +.093 t.0191 + 0079 +.0016 -.OOlZ -.0016 0 +.0036 +.0009 -.0020 -.0043 -.0060 --.0072
0.4 +.I561 CO193 t.0048 -.OOll -.0027 -.0022 0 +.0039 -.0014 -.0055 -.OOSl -.0097 -.01oa
0.2 +.I218 r~.ollo l .ooll -.OOlZ -.OOlb -.oooz -. b t.0022 -.0013 -.G23 -.OO:; -.0006 +.0002
0 -.oooo 0 +.0024 +.0649 +‘.0070 +:OOEB 0 0 +.01&i +.0246 +.0348 +.0438 +.0507
-.OOOO +.I274 +.2163 +.2612 t.3210 r.3569
1.0 +.0261 +.Ol96 +.OlO3 +.0027
0.8 +.0667 t.0207 +.0069 +0017

-
0.6 +.0943 +.0209 +.0064 1:0004
II
0.4 +.15;2 +.OI88 +:0026 -.0024
0\”
0.2 +.I166 +.0096 +.OOOO -.OOlZ -.0003 +.0008 0 +.ool9 -.0016 -.0008 +.0016 l .004l +.0059
-
0 t.0016 0 +.0035 +.0066 +.ooee +.0107 0 0 +.o174 To329 +.0440 +.0534 l .0603
VY +.OOlS t.1676 r.2512 +.2879 +.3346 +.3567
Y
b .__._ 0 _____ y
Moment = (Goefficient)(pb*)
I
W.
POSITIVE S ION CONVENTION
FIQ URE 31.-Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefkients, Load V, S/S unijormly varying load.
0.6 l .oolo +.0007 *.0006 +.0005 +.0003 +.0001 0 +.0001 +.00011+.00021+.00021+.0002lt,0003

0.6 +.0039 +.0015 +.OOll +.0006 t.0003 t.0001 0 l ,000
I ,, 1 0.4 ~+.0207(+.0032~+.0016~+.0006~-.00001-.0002[ 0
ia 0.2 +.0756 +.0051 +.0013 -.0004 -.0006 -.0007 o +.OOlO -.0002 -.0013 -.0021 -.0026 -.0030
+.0221 0
0.6
0.4 +.0244 +.0036 +.0016 t.0003 -.0003 -.0004 0
0.2 +.0747 +.0049 +.0006 -.0006 -.OOlO -.0007 0
0 I+.0201 1 0 ~+.0007~+.0015)*.0020~+.0025~ 0 I 0 ~+.0037~+.0074~+.01021*.
0.6 ~+.0066~+.0024~+.0014(+.0006~+.0001 l-.0001 1 0 ~+.0005~*.0003~+.00021+:00001-.00011-
0.4 .~+.0256~+.0041~*.0010(-.0003~‘.0006/-.0005[ 0 l+.OOOfi
0 1t.02151 0 )+.0012(+.0021~+.0027~*.0030~ fl 0 l+.O(
d ~+.0006~+.0003~+.0001
0.6 I+.0091 I+.0031 ~+.0014~+.0003~-.00021-.00031
I I 1 II-.( I I 1
+.0111 +.0034~+.0011~-.00001-.0004)-.00031 0 1+.00071+.00031-.00031-.00071-.OOlOi-.OOl2 I
J
+.0246 +.0039 +.0004 -.0006 -.0007 -.0004 0 *.0006 -.0004 - 0013 -.0017 -.0019 -.002l
0.2 1 + 0723 +.0034 -.0006 -.OOlO -.0006 -.0003 0 +.0007 -.0019 -.0025 -.0023 -.oOl9 -.0017
Y
A
M. -+- IA
Moment : (Coefficient) (pd)
’ R,
5 -3-X
0
’ MY
@
W.
ho ,URE 32.-Pkztejixed along edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load VI, i/3 uniformly varying locrrd.
I 1 y/b h%‘I . 0 IO.2 IO.4 IO.6 IO.8 1 1.0 1 0 IO.2 IO.4 I 0.6 IO.8 1 I.0 I
1.0 -.oooo +.oooo +.oooo t.oooo + 0000 t.oooo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0. 8 -.oooo +.oooo t.OOOO +.oooo +.oooo t.oooo 0 +.oooo +..oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo
9
0. 6 -.OOOl +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo 0 +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo t.0000
0. 4 -.OOOI +.oooi +.OOOI +.oooo +.oooo +.oooa 0 +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +,oooo
0. 2 t.0137 l .0006 +.0004 +.oooz +.0001 t.oooo 0 +.ooot +.0001 +.0001 +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo
0 t.0050 0 +.0001 +.oooz +.0003 t.0004 0 0 t.0004 t.0010 +.0016 +.ooee +.0027
I ~Y~+,0050~t.0I69~+.0463~t.0669~+.09611(c.11651
I. 0 -.0007 +.oooo +.ooot +.ooot +.0001 +.oooo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.6 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.0001 +.oooo 0 +.oooo +.oooo +.oooo +,oooo +.oooo +.0001
0.6 t.0004 '.0003 +.0002 +.0001 +.0001 t.oooo 0 +.0001 +.oooi t.0001 +.a001 +.OOOI t.0001
1+.0212l+.00~i~+.00031-.0001 I- 00021-.00011 0 1+.0003)+.00001-.OOOZ/-.00041-.00051-.00061
Ill-.00021-.0002l-.000I1 0 1+.00021-.00011-.00041-.00051-.0006l-.0007l
nl- 0001~-.ooo3~-.0002~-.oaa1 I 0 )+.00021-.00031-.00051-,00061-.0006(-.0006l
I I+ nnnsl+ m-ml+ nnnll- ooool-.ooool 0 It.ooOl lt.OOOll+.OO~OOl-.OOOOl-.OOaol-.oooll
017 1+.ooo21-.00041-.00061-.00051-.00051-.0005l
M, -+-IA
Moment q (Goefficlenf)(pb? ’ R”
0 RY
Jeoction : (Coefftclent) (pb)
I X
W
45J- MY
FIGURE 33.-Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load VII, l/6 unijownly varying load.
Moment = (Coefficient)(po*)
Reaction = (Coefficient)(po)
ieo-rl POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION
FIGURE 34.-Plate $zed along four edgeqmcnnent and reaction coeflcients, Load I, uniform load.
Moment = (Coefficient)(po*)
Reoctmn = (Coefficaent)( po)
X
POSITIVE SISN CONVENTION
FIG m 35.-Plate fixed along four edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load uniformly varying load, p=O al0 lng
y= b/2.
_--_---._-_-
Moment = (Coefflcient)( pa*)
Reaction = (Coefficient)(po)
FIGURE 36.-Plate fixed along four edges, moment and reaction coeficients, Load XI, uniformly varying load, p=O alox
x= al.%
Accuracy of
Method of Analysis
THE FINITE difference method is inherently considered to be satisfactory for design purposes.
approximate. A factor directly affecting its Percentage errors for small numerical values of
accuracy is the closeness of spacing, hence the the coefficients may, of course, be somewhat
number, of grid points. In obtaining the solutions higher.
presented in this monograph, a maximum number For Case 5 a comparison is given in Table 2
of points was used, consistent with the objectives
of the study and the capacity of the available TABLE 2.-Comparison of Coeficients of Maximzcm Bending
electronic calculator. Moment at the Center of a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular
A few instances may be found where there Plate Fixed Along Four Edges
appear to be irregularities in the orderly progres-
Valuar of M./pa* from
sion of the coefficients as the ratio a/b changes.
b/a
Such instances are most likely to occur in the Timoshenko 1 Method of this
Monograph 2
low values of the ratio where, to gain accuracy, -
the number of points used in the analysis was
increased as a/b decreased. Although these incon- 1. 1 - 0.0264 - 0.0269
1.2 - 0.0299 - 0.0301
sistencies are undesirable from an academic 1.3 - 0.0327 - 0.0329
standpoint, they are not of sufficient magnitude 1.4 - 0.0349 - 0.0352
to affect materially the usefulness of the results. 1.6 - 0.0381 - 0.0384
As a general check on the finite difference 1.7 - 0.0392 - 0.0395
method, problems for which “exact” solutions are 1. 8 - 0.0401 - 0.0404
1. 9 - 0.0407 -0.0410
known have been computed. The results indicate
that for spacings comparable to those used in this
1 These values taken directly from page 223, Reference 1, with due regard
study, errors in the maximum moments may be for difference in sign conventions.
2 These values interpolated from the column for p=O.3 of the preceding
of the order of five percent. Such accuracy is table.
43
between values found on page 228 of Reference 1 good agreement.
and directly equivalent values obtained by the All coefficients have been computed to four
method of this monograph. In this particular decimal places for consistency and to indicate
case, the relative differences are, for the most part, significant figures for many conditions which
less than one percent. would have no significance to three decimal
Comparisons have also been made with other places. This should not be taken as an indication
existing results 2 for full uniformly varying load that the percentage accuracy is greater than
and certain ratios of a/b. These indicated very no ted above.
Appendix I
An Application to a Design Problem
THIS appendix illustrates use of the tabulated librium conditions, have been broken into com-
coefficients by an application to a typical design ponents similar to certain of the typical Loads I
problem. Figure 37 shows essential dimensions through XI. These are illustrated together with
and typical loads acting on an interior panel of a a table of their numerical values in Figure 37.
counterfort retaining wall. Both wall and heel It will be noted that for the wall slab, r=a/b=
slabs approximate the condition of a plate fixed 0.2. This requires interpolation on r for the
along three edges and free along the fourth. The various loads and in the case of pB, interpolation
variations in thickness of the wall slab and the both on r and the load. For the heel slab,
relatively great thickness of the heel slab com- r=a/b=1/2, and since both component loads act
pared with its lesser lateral dimension are both, over the full area, no interpolation is required.
perhaps to some degree, in violation of basic For illustrative purposes, moments have been
assumptions. Ignoring these, however, is done computed along the assumed lines of support for
with the conviction that results obtained in this both the wall and heel slabs. Where interpola-
manner are more nearly correct than what might tion was required to obtain the moment coeffi-
be determined by other available methods. cients, second degree interpolation was used. The
Center line dimensions have been used for both moment coe5cients and actual computed moments
slabs. The net loads, as determined from equi- are given in Tables 3 through 6.
45
DESIGN DATA
Unit Weights
Concrete 150 Ib/ft3
Moist earth 120 Ib/ft3
Saturated earth 135 lb/+
Water 62.4 Ib/ft3
Surcharge Pressures
Vertical 360 Ib/fte
Horizontal 120 Ib/ft’
Equivalent Fluid Weights
Moist earth 40 Ib/ft3
Saturated earth 75 Ib/ft’
Water surface
elevatiorv’t
--- --
! -
FRONT ELEVATION ,
END ELEVATION
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL

DIMENSIONS AND TYPICAL DESIGN LOADS
1L
L pw -H pq-A i.6 i-- ps-4
WATER LOAD SURCHARGE LOAD EARTH LOAD PORE PRESSURE LOAD
COUNTERFORT WALL SLAB - INTERIOR PANEL

IDEALIZED DIMENSIONS AND COMPONENT LOADS
Ffq+/iii??j
NET LOAD ON w----pu
----H ~---p”----~
HEEL SLAG COMPONENT LOADS
COUNTERFORT HEEL SLAB - INTERIOR PANEL

IDEALIZE0 DIMENSIONS AND COMPONENT LOADS
FIGURE 37.-Counterfort wall, design example.
.- .--- ---- -_-..

APPENDIX I 47
TABLE 3.-M. for Heel Slab at Supports
T -
Values of pb2+
--
I- Moment coefficients
1118.5
-
-1032.3
-_
Moments (foot-kips)
Total moment
(foot-kips)
x -Y
a b PU PP M" M”
-- -- --
0 1.0 + 0.0852 q-o.0151 + 95.30 - 15.59 +79.7
0 0. 8 + 0.0807 $0.0216 $90.26 -22.30 +68.0
0 0.6 $0.0712 + 0.0273 +79.64 -28.18 +51.5
0 0.4 + 0.0545 + 0.0277 + 60.96 - 28.59 $32.4
0 0. 2 + 0.0250 $0.0160 $27.96 - 16.52 $11.4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0. 2 0 $0.0019 +o. 0014 $2.13 -1.45 $0.7
0.4 0 + 0.0050 + 0.0033 +5.59 -3.41 +2. 2
0.6 0 + 0.0080 + 0.0050 +8.95 -5.16 +3.8
0.8 0 +o. 0100 $0.0061 $11.18 -6.30 $4.9
1.0 0 $0.0107 + 0.0065 $11.97 -6.71 f5.3
- - - -
4.-M, for Supports

- TABLE Heel Slab at
-
Velues of pbb I- Moment coefficients
- Moments (foot-kips)
1118.5 -1032.3 Total moment
-- -- (foot-kips)
x sb Pu PV M. M,
-ii
-- --
0 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0. 8 + 0.0161 $0. 0043 + 18. 01 -4.44 $13. 6
0 0. 6 +O. 0142 $0. 0055 + 15. 88 -5.68 +10.2
0 0. 4 +o. 0109 + 0.0055 $12. 19 -5.68 +6. 5
0 0. 2 +o. 0050 +O. 0032 f5.59 -3.30 +a. 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0. 2 0 + 0.0094 +o. 0068 + 10. 51 -7.02 $3. 5
0. 4 0 +O. 0252 $0. 0167 f28. 19 -17. 24 +11.0
0, 6 0 + 0.0399 + 0.0252 + 44.63 -26. 01 $18. 6
0. 8 0 $0. 0499 $0. 0307 t-55. 81 -31. 69 +24. 1
1. 0 0 + 0.0534 + 0.0325 f59. 73 -33. 55 +26.2
-
TABLE 5.-M. for Wall Slab at Supports
T
-
-i-
Moment
-7
we&icients
- T M0ment.Y
(foot-kips) Total
-985.5 157.7 1905.4 1399.9 moment
-- - -_-- -. _- -_ - - -- - (foot-kips)
* Y PW Pa PO P8 M” M. M. M.
s b
-- _- -- -- _- -- _- -- -_ -- --
0 1. 0 - 0.0000 +o. 0133 +0.0012 + 0.0004 +o. 00 $2. 10 +2.29 $0.56 f5. 0
0 0. 8 +o. 0000 +o. 0131 +o. 0028 +o. 0012 -0.00 s2.07 +5.34 +l. 67 +9. 1
0 0. 6 + 0.0000 $0.0134 + 0.0054 +o. 0034 -0.00 f2.11 + 10. 29 $4.74 +17.1
0 0. 4 +o. 0009 +o. 0133 +o. 0079 + 0.0068 -0. 89 +2. 10 + 15.05 f9.47 +25. 7
0 0. 2 +O. 0032 +o. 0103 + 0.0079 + 0.0075 -3. 15 $1. 62 + 15.05 + 10. 45 +24.0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0. 2 0 +o. 0002 +o. 0003 +o. 0003 +o. 0003 -0. 20 +o. 05 +“o. 57 +O. 42 +O. 8
0. 4 0 +o. 0005 +o. 0009 + 0.0007 +O. 0006 -0.49 i-0. 14 +1.33 +O. 84 +l. 8
0. 6 0 +o. 0007 +o. 0013 +o. 0011 +o. 0011 -0.69 4-o. 21 +2. 10 +1.53 +3. 2
0. 8 0 +o. 0009 +O. 0016 +o. 0014 +o. 0014 -0. 89 -l-O. 25 +2. 67 -I- 1. 95 +4. 0
1. 0 0 +o. 0010 +o 0018 +o. 0015 +o 0015 -0.99 +O. 28 +2. 86 +2.09 -k4. 2
- - - - - - - - -
TABLE 6.-M, for Wall Slab at Supports
Moment coefficients T
Values of - - Moments
pbz-1 (foot-kips) Total
-985.5 157.7 1905.4 1392.9 moment
- -- -- -- - - - (foot-kips)
x ?! PW PS PW PO M” MQ M. M,
a b
_- _- -- _--- -- -- -- _- _- _- --
0 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0. 8 -0.0000 +O. 0026 +o. 0005 +o. 0002 +:. 00 +o. 41 +o. 95 +O. 28 +l. 6
0 0. 6 $0.0000 +O. 0027 +o. 0011 +o. 0007 -0.00 +o. 43 +2.10 +O. 98 +3. 5
0 0. 4 +o. 0002 $0.0026 +O. 0016 +o. 0014 -0. 20 +o. 41 +3.05 +1.95 +5. 2
0 0. 2 +O. 0006 +o. 0020 +O. 0016 +o. 0015 -0.59 +O. 32 +3.05 +2.09 +4. 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0. 2 0 +o. 0011 4-O. 0015 + 0.0014 + 0.0014 -1.08 +O. 24 +2.67 +1.95 +3. 8
0. 4 0 +O. 0025 +o. 0041 +O. 0036 +O. 0036 -2. 46 +O. 65 +6. 86 +5.01 +10.1
0. 6 0 + 0.0036 -i-o. 0066 +O. 0056 +o. 0055 -3.55 fl. 04 + 10. 67 f7.66 +15. 8
0. 8 0 + 0.0043 +o. 0082 + 0.0069 + 0.0068 -4.24 +1.29 +13.15 +9.47 +19.7
1. 0 0 +O. 0046 $0.0088 +o. 0074 +O. 0072 -4.53 +1.39 + 14. 10 + 10.03 +21.0
- - - - - - - -
Appendix II
The Finite Difference Method
Introduction rectangular plates, and Jensen e has extended the

method to provide a useful tool in the analysis of
The bending of thin elastic plates or slabs sub-
skew slabs.
jected to loads normal to their surfaces has been
studied by many investigators.’ throughe A large General Mathematical Relations
number of specific problems have been solved by
exact or approximate means, and these results are The partial differential equation, frequently
available. (See, for instance,3.) Exact and cer- called Lagrange’s equation, which relates the
tain approximate methods are frequently difficult rectangular coordinates, the load, the deflections,
to apply except to structures where some sym- and the physical and elastic constants of a laterally
metry exists and where a simple loading is used. loaded plate, is well known. Its application to
The finite difference method, however, is readily the solution of problems of bending of plates or
adaptable to rectangular plates having any of the slabs is justified if the following conditions are met:
usual edge conditions and subjected to any loading. (a) the plate or slab is composed of material which
In Denmark, as early as 1918, N. J. Nielsen may be assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and
applied the finite difference method to the solution elastic; (b) the plate is of /a uniform thickness
of plate problems. In his book 4 he has analyzed which is small as compared with its lateral dimen-
sions; (c) the deflections of the loaded plate are
t,he problem in considerable detail and has given
small as compared with its thickness. The addi-
numerical solutions for a number of cases.
tional differential expressions relating the deflec-
H. Marcus published an excellent book 5 in tions to the boundary conditions, moments, and
Germany in 1924 on this subject in which he in- shears are perhaps equally well known. (See, for
cluded numerous examples. In the United States, instance,‘.) They will therefore only be stated
Wise, Holl, and Barton u.7 a have contributed to here, using the notation and sign convention shown
the literature of finite difference solutions for in Figure 38.
49
(0) INTERIOR POINT (bl SUB-DIVIDED GRID
GRID POINT DESIGNATION SYSTEM
I : x
0
(C) POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION
P Intensity of pressure, normal to the plane of the plate.

Q,b Lateral dimensions of the plate.
h Loterol dimension in the y direction of the grid elements of the plate.
r Ratio of lateral dimensions of the grid elements.
Y Deflection of the middle surface of the plate, normal to the XOY plane.
Rectangular coordinates in the plone of the plate.
Z,N,E,...NE:ki Designotion of active grid points. Also used to represent the value
of the deflection of the plate ot the point so lettered.
n,e,s ,... SW,“W Designation of additional points on sub-divided grid.
“3 t Subscripts used to indicate directions normal ond tangential to on edge.
Ml, MY Bending moment per unit length acting on planes perpendicular to the x and y axes respectively.
by * Myx Twisting moment Ser unit length in planes perpendicular to the x ond y axes respectively.
VI, VY Shearing force per unit length acting normal to the plane of the plate, in planes normal to
the x and y axes respectively.
‘?I, Ry Shearing reactions per unit length acting normal to the plane of the plate, in planes normal to
the x ond y axes respectively.
P Concentrated load acting at o grid point: positive in the some direction OS D.
R Concentrated reaction acting at 0 supported grid point; positive direction opposite to thot of p
E Young’s modulus for the material of the plate.
I Moment of inertia per unit length of o section of the plate.
P Poisson’s ratio for the material of the plate.
D Flexural rigidity per unit length of the plate; 0 = EI/(I-$1.
v’ Difference quotient operator: V’w = +- + 2& + $.
NOTATION
FIGURE 38.-Grid point designation system and notation.

APPENDIX II 51
Partial differential equation: with respect to n indicate rates of change in a

direction normal to the edge, and those with
(1) respect to t indicate rates of change tangential to
the edge.
A solution to any specific problem consists of
Fixed edge conditions :
determining a deflection surface which satisfies the
w=o, (2.01) basic equation (l), and the appropriate sets of
boundary conditions (2.01) through (5.03). The
bW
T&=0. (2.02)
moments and shears required for design purposes
may then be computed from (6.01) through
(8.02).
Hinged edge conditions : In general, it is difficult to obtain an analytical
w=o, (3.01)
expression for a deflection surface which satisfies
all of these conditions. If, however, an approxi-
mate solution is acceptable, it is always possible
$+p s?&J (3.02)
in analyzing a rectangular plate to determine a
set of deflections for a finite number of discrete
Free edge conditions : points such that approximate relations correspond-
ing to (1) through (5.03) are satisfied. From
(4.01) these deflections it is possible to compute moments,
reactions, and shears at the selected points, using
relations similar to (6.01) through (8.02).
(4.02) The approximate relations referred to above
are obtained by replacing the partial derivatives
Free corner conditions : by corresponding finite difference quotients. Such
relations are simplest if the discrete points deter-
g=O (both directions) J (5.01) mined by values of the independent variables are
equally spaced with respect to both variables.
g+h4 s =0 (both directions), (5.02)

However, in this application it will be advan-
tageous for the relations to be developed on the
more general basis of having the equal spacing in
d2W one coordinate direction bear a given ratio to the
-- (5.03)
bndt-” spacing in the perpendicular direction.
Figure 38(a) represents a portion of the interior
Bending moments : of a plate subdivided by grid lines into rectangular
grid elements. The grid lines are spaced h units
(6.01) apart in the y direction and rh units apart in the
x direction. The int,ersections of the grid lines
M Y=D b2W~~d2~
by2 3x2 * 1 (6.02) will be referred to as grid points.
these, lettered for identification,
Certain of
will be spoken of
Twisting moments : as active points, and the central point of the
active group will be called the focal point. For
(7) simplicity in writing the equations, the identifying
Shears : letters for each active point %ill also be used to
V = D represent the value of the deflection, w, of the
x - (8.01)
middle surface of the plate at that point. The
double letters refer in every case to the deflection
V YE-D b3”+ b3W
bY3 bx2by 1 .
(8.02) at the individual point so lettered; they do not
indicate products of deflections at points desig-
In the above expressions the partial derivatives nated by only one letter.
Based on the usual methods of finite differ- -4(l+r’)(E+W)--4r2(1+r2)(N+S)
ences,” the difference quotient relations required +2(3+4r2+31d)Z]. (10)
in this development can be written directly and
are given below. All of the difference quotients This may be considered as an operator, and the
are given with reference to the focal point, lettered portion within the brackets can be conveniently
Z. portrayed as an array of coefficients. This expres-
Aw 1 sion, multiplied by h4, is shown in array form at
bx=2rh (E--W), (9.01)
(a) of Figure 39. Each element of the array
represents the coefficient of the deflection of one
A2w 1
z=13h2 W--274+W), (9.02) of the active grid points in a group similar to that
shown at (a) of Figure 38. The location of the
A3w 1 coefficients in the array is congruent to the physical
-- (EE--2E+2W-WW), (9.03)
s---2?h3 locations of the points and the heavily outlined
coefficient applies at the focal point-the point
A4w 1 for which the relation is to be determined.
-== (EE-4E+6Z--4W+WW), (9.04)
Ax4 Since the solution deals with discrete points,
the distributed load intensity p in the right-hand
g=$ (N-S), (9.05) member of (1) is replaced by an average intensity
P/rh” at each of the interior grid points. Here P
represents a concentrated load whose magnitude
$=$ (N--2Z+S), (9.06) at any grid point is a function of the distribution
of p on the four adjoining grid elements. If each
A3w 1 of these elements is considered as an infinitely
e=2h3 (NN-2N+S-SS), (9.07)
rigid plate supported at its four corners, then the
force Pz, at the focal point, is equal in magnitude
‘$=; (NN-4N+6Z-4S+SS), (9.08) and opposite in direction to the sum of the reac-
tions at all corners common to Z. This can be
A%V expressed mathematically as :
-=-1 (NE-NW+SIW-SE), (9.09)
AxAy 4rh2
p,=p,,,+p,s,+p,,,+p~~~ (11)
A3w 1
- (NE-2N+NW-&+2S-SW), in which PZNE represents the contribution from
L\X2ay=2r2h3
(9.10) the grid element Z-N-NE-E and similarly for the
A3w other right-hand members. Thus it is seen that
-=k3 (NE-2E+SE-NW-b-2W-SW), the concentrated loads Pz are the static equivalent
(9.11) of p.
A% It can be shown, if p varies linearly-a usual
7=&4 (NE-2E+SE-2N
Ax Ay’ condition for structures-and if this variation is
+4Z---2S+NW--2W+SW). (9.12) constant over the four grid elements adjoining
any focal point Z, that the magnitude of the
The approximate counterparts of the basic
statically equivalent average load is:
relations (1) through (8.02) may now be written.
For instance if V4w is used to represent the differ-
Pz/rh2=(1/6)(p~+pE+Ps+p~S2P~), (12)
ence quotient equivalent to the left-hand member
of equation (l), and the partial derivatives are where pN represents the intensity of p at point N,
replaced by their corresponding difference quo- etc.
tients, (9.04)) (9.08), and (9.12)) there results:
The approximate counterpart of (1) may now
be written:
v’w=& [EE+WW+r4(NN+SS)
PZ
v4y=m2* (13)
+2r2(NE+SE+SW+NW)
APPENDIX II 53
Multiplying both sides of (13) by h4 and replacing In like manner for elements with centers at w,
V% by the deflections as given by (10) leads to : n, and s:
W.,----M,)h+ Wrxnna-M,.,,)rh+V+rh2=0,
$ [EE+WW+r4(NN+SS)
(16.02)
+2r2(NE+SE+SW+NW)
-40 +3(E+W)--4r2(1 +r%N+S) Of,, ---M&h+ (MxYne--Mxy,,)h+V,,,rh2=0,
(16.03)
+2(3+4ra+3r4)Zl=~z g* (14)
(M,,--M,s)rh+(M,,,e-M,,,)h+V,,rh2=0.
This is the general load-deflection relation for an (16.04)
interior point. It is written at (a) of Figure 39 in
the convenient array form previously described. If equations (15) and (16.01) through (16.04) are
This general form of the equations has been used combined to eliminate the shears, noting at the
for the special cases which include the boundary same time that MIY=MYX, there results
conditions and, in fact, for all of the relations
connecting the deflections with load, moments, ; CM,, --2M,,+M,,)+2(M,,,e--M,,,,+M,,,
reactions, and shears. These load-deflection equa-
tions establish a linear relation between the load --MxYBJ +r(M,,--2M,,+M,,) =Pe. (17)
at the focal point and the unknown deflections of
the plate at that and the other active grid points. An approximation to each moment in terms of
It is these linear equations which are to be solved deflections is obtained if the partial differentials
simultaneously to determine the approximate of the definitions (6.01); (6.02), and (7) are re-
deflections of the plate at the grid points. placed by their proper difference quotients corre-
Equation (14) may be derived directly by a sponding to (9.02), (9.06), and (9.09). For in-
second method which considers equilibrium of stance,
certain elements of the plate. Referring to the
subdivided grid of Figure 38(b), consider the M.,=-& [E-2Z+W+Lcr*(N-2Z+S)] (18)
rectangular element ne-se-sw-nw with center at
Z. Equilibrium of forces normal to the plate and
requires that M ‘une=---W-P) [NE-N+Z--El. (19)
rh2
(V.,-V.,)h+(V,,-V,,)rh+Pz=O. (15)
Substituting these and corresponding relations for
For the similar element with center at e, equilib- the other moments into (l7), and multiplying
rium of moments about the center line ne-se re- both sides by h2/rD gives
quires that
f (WW-4W+GZ--4E+EE)+$ (NW-2N
(Mxz -M&+ (M,,B-M,.,Jrh
+NE-2W+4Z-2E+SW-2S+SE)
+w.,+vx,> r;=o.
+(NN--4N+6Z--4S+SS)=s
However, if the elements are sufficiently small,
which, with some rearrangement, is the same as (14).
This second method is easily adapted to de-
f (v.,+v.,)
riving expressions involving nonuniform spacings,
moment-free boundaries, etc. It was applied to
may be replaced with VXe so that obtain all of the load-deflection arrays shown in
Figures 39 through 59, which were required in the
ME---M.&+ OLne -M,.,,)rh+V.~rh2=0. solution of the problems covered by this mono-
(16.01) graph.
Where boundary conditions involve a reaction, spacings which correspond to those of
the load P may be replaced by the net load, the given point.
(P-R), which is the difference between load and b. Orient the focal point of this array at the
reaction. Note that R represents a concentrated given point.
force whose positive direction is opposite to that c. Multiply the unknown which represents
of p, R. and R,, on the other hand, represent the deflection of each active grid point
intensities of shearing reactions whose positive by the corresponding coe5cient.
directions conform to V, and V,. d. Equate the sum of these products to the
Relations connecting the deflections with mo- load term for the given point.
ments and with shears are given in Figures 60 For example, for Point 45 the array at (b) of
through 64. It should be noted that shears com- Figure 65 must be used in order that the free edges
puted by finite difference methods are inherently correspond properly. Then, following the pro-
less accurate than moments. This is because the cedure outlined above, the left-hand member of
shears are functions of odd numbered difference the equation for Point 45 is
quotients which are determined by a grid spacing
double the value found in the even numbered +256wpI,+32wg,- 1088wa~+28.&Jw,,+w,,
quotients which define the moments. -68~,,+(1669+256)w,h--59.6~~
+32wM- 1088w,+28.8wM.
ApplicaEion to Plate Fixed Along Three &?ges and
Free Along llie Fourth Noting that RZ=O along the free edge it is seen
that in this case the general expression for the
As an example of the use of this general method, right-hand terms is always (P&h*) (h’/D). Since
its application to the problem of a plate fixed along these load terms are to be expressed as coefficients
three edgesand free along the fourth is given below. of ph’/D, it remains to evaluate the Pz/rhg in
The a/b ratio of l/4 has been used to illustrate use terms of p for each point and each loading. At
of the 20 supplementary equations. Loads I, II, Point 45 the right-hand members for Loads I and
and IV only are included. IV may be obtained by direct application of (12).
The plate is divided into grid elements and the However, a discontinuity occurs in the magnitude
grid points numbered systematically for identifica- of Load II within the grid elements adjoining
tion. Layout of Plate, Figure 66, shows the Point 45. For this reason, the more general
method used in this case. Because of symmetry method expressed by (11) must be employed.
of the plate and loading about the line x=a, points In particular for Load II, the elements 45-35-
which are symmetrical about this line will have 36-46 and 4546-56-55 carry no load, and accord-
equal deflections and are, therefore, numbered ingly they make no contribution to P,. The
alike. This reduces considerably the number of elements 45-44-34-35 and 45-55-5444 each
unknown deflections to be determined. carry an equal portion of the uniform load.
With r=l/4 and p=O.2, the left-hand side of Under the assumptions leading to (11) it is found,
each of the loaddeflection relations yields an array by statics, that the contribution of each of these
of numerical coefficients corresponding to the type elements to P,, is ph*/144. Hence, P,,=ph*/72
of point it represents. These values have been and P&h*=p/18.
computed for typical points and they are shown The complete set of 30 equations and the right-
in Figure 65. They are used in writing the left- hand (load) terms are shown as two matrices in
hand members of the simultaneous equations. Figure 66. Simultaneous solution of the equa-
Solution of these equations determines the de- tions establishes a set of deflections for each of the
flections. 30 grid points, corresponding to each load. These
One equation must be written for each grid results are tabulated in the upper portion of
point having an unknown deflection. The equa- Figure 67.
tion corresponding to any point is formed as The 20 supplementary equations used to deter-
follows : mine the deflections of the row of points at y=ih
a. Select the array of load-deflection co-
efficients having edge conditions and are set up in a similar manner. Equations are
APPENDIX II 55
written for each point of the 3-, 2-, l-, and 7-rows Substituting numerical values for PsO and the
(see Figure 68). However, in writing equations various deflections, this becomes
for the 3- and 2-rows use is made of the previously
computed deflections for the 4- and 5-rows. In
R3,,=0.03125ph2+ e
addition, the solution of the 20 equations gives (h2) (g)
new and improved values of deflections for the
3-, 2-, and l-rows. [--(32)(0.004944)-(16)(0.021325)
For Point 42, for example, the
array (f) of Figure 65 is used to conform with the +(128)(0.007860)-(32)(0.009833)]
spacing of the grid points involved. The equation
=(0.03125+0.192016)ph2=0.223266ph2.
for Load I is
-28w21+21Owzz+ low,,+ 176~31-936~~~ This represents a concentrated force acting at

Point 30. Assuming that it is uniformly distrib-
5057 uted over a distance rh, it can be expressed ‘as
-SW,,+? ~~,-364w~~+~ w42
an average shearing reaction per unit length
3 ph4
+ 176w51- 936w&w~=4 D-~44.
R,,,=R3&h=0.893064ph,
Substituting for Point 44, its deflection as deter- or in terms of b

mined from the 30 equations gives, for the
right-hand member R,,,=O.l78613pb,
(0.75-0.100572) ‘;=0.649428 ‘;.

which is in the units used in Figures 1 through 33.
Similarly, for example, the bending moment
The complete set of 20 equations for Loads I, II, M, at Point 23 is computed using array (g) of
and IV is given in Figure 68. Solution of these Figure 69. Thus
gives the deflections shown on the lower portion
of Figure 67. Where improved values of the
deflection were obtained, the former ones have
been discarded as indicated in the figure. Com-
parison of old and new values shows that they Again inserting numerical values
approach closely for the points where y/b=O.4.
Having determined the deflections, reactions Mx23=(;) @) [(16)(0.015283)
and moments may be computed by operating
upon the deflections with the appropriate relations, t-(0.2)(0.029914)-(32.4)(0.043935)
typical samples of which are given in Figure 69.
These numerical arrays were obtained similarly to +(0.2)(0.046526)+(16)(0.073156)]
those for the load-deflection relations, by inserting =0.006818ph2=0.000273pb2.
numerical values for r and p in the proper general
expressions of the referenced figures. Upon completion of computation of the reac-
To illustrate the method of computation of tions, a partial check of the solution may be
reactions and moments, an example of each obtained from equilibrium considerations. For
(Load I, a/b=l/4) is given below. At Point 30, Load I, a/b=1/4, the total load on one-half
for instance, using array (f) of Figure 69, the of the plate is p(5h)(5h/4)=6.25 ph2. The
reaction is : summation of the R/ph2 column of Figure 70
should agree with this, and it is seen to be in
error by something less than 0.015 percent.
+ r4
+ 2r* -4r*- 4r4 + 2r*
+I -4-4r* +6+8r*+ 6r’ -4 - 4re +I = p h’ .

rh2O
+ 2r* - 4r*- 4r4 + 2r*
+ r4
(0) INTERIOR POINT
I + r4 I
= P h4
rhe T’
(b) POINT ADJACENT TO A FIXED X-EDGE
/ + r4
/
/ + -4rt- 4r4 + 2 r*
/
=
/ + - 4+ 4r4 +2rg
/
/
/ + r4
(C) POINT ADJACENT TO A FIXED Y-EDGE
+ r4
(d) POINT ADJACENT TO A FIXED CORNER
NOTES
Except where otherwise indicated horizontol spacing of grid points
is rh units ond vertical spacing h units.
An osterisk (*I indicates thot no coefficient is required because the
fixed-edge deflection ot thot point is zero.
An edge porollel to the X-Axis is designoted OS on X-Edge.
An edge porollel to the Y-Axis is designated OS o Y-Edge.
A fixed edge is indicated thus: T7T/777TTTT
A moment-free edge is indicated thus:
Any factor preceding on array of coefficients is o multiplier
of each element of the orroy.
FIGURE 39.-Load-dejlection relations, Sheet I.

APPENDIX II 57
(0) POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE CORNER
= -- P h’
rh2 D
(b) POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE X-EDGE
= P h’
rhe -6’
(c) POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE
P h’
++ = -z-b’
(cl) POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE X-EDGE AND A FIXED Y-EDGE
+r4
+ 20 -40 - 4r4 +(2-p)r*

P -. h’
-2-212-p) 0 =
rkQ
////////////////////////////////////////////////~
(a) POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDQE AN0 A FIXED X-EDQL
NOT&--For general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 40.-Load-deflection relations, Sheet ZZ.

I + r4
I
(0)CONANT-FREE X-EDGE
+ I + 4(1 (P-R) h’
=
- r h* 0’
(b) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE
(C) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE X-EDGE ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE
(P-R) h4
=
rh* -D--’
t(2 - fi)rp -2(i-u)r~2(1-u~)r4
++(i-gz)r4
(d) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE X-EDGE
(13) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE X-EDGE ADJACENT TO A FIXED Y-EDGE
++(I-p*)r4
(f) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE ADJACENT TO A FIXED X-EDGE
NOT&-For general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 41.-Load-dejlection relations, Sheet III.

APPENDIX II 59
(0) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE CORNER

(b) POINT ON A FIXED CORNER
*+ (d) POINT ON A FIXED Y-EDGE
(0) POINT
ADJACENT
ON A
TO A
FIXED
FIXED
X-EDGE
CORNER
L
r4
k (t)
*
POINT
ADJACENT
ON
+2r2
-4-4r*
A
TO
+I
FIXED
A FIXED
Y-EDGE
CORNER
-l.,;,,,fi/,z ~ !!I,
= (P-RI
r h2
h’
T-’
D
(0) POINT ON A FIXED X-EDGE ADJACENT
TO A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE
(h) POINT ON A FIXED Y-EDGE ADJACENT

TO A MOMENT-FREE X-EDGE
(i 1 POINT ON A FIXED X- ht0htE~T-FREE Y-CORNER ( j) POINT ON A FIXED Y- MOMENT-FREE X-CORNER
Nom.-For general notes see Figure 39.
FIQURE 42.-Load-deflection relations, Sheet IV.

I +r’ I
i + 2 rp - 4 rz - 4 r4 + 2re
P
h
-P
I = P
37
h’
T’
+2r* 1 -4r*- 6r4 +2r*
+--rh-s+< ____ rh--.+ ____ rh ____ ++-rh--+l
(0) INTERIOR POINT
Th I + r4 I
I P h’
7 = X0’
I +2 rt -4P - 6r4 + (2 -pL)r*
,+ r,, -+,+.- rh --__ + ---- rh ----- ,j
(b) POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE
I ++(I -p) r*
+ (2-p)? -2(1-p)r*-2(1-p*)r
+ (2-P)@ -2(l -/L)+3(l-Z)r’
++(I -PI r’
b---rh---+j+ _____ rh----A
(c) POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE
Nom-For general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 43.-Load-de$ection l’elations, vertical spacing: S at h; 1 at h/B, Sheet V.

APPENDIX II 61
+ r4
I
s -&+Zr*
+128
= - P -.h'
rh' 0
I-& 1+$+4r’
p--rh---* _____ rh ----* ---- rh ____ *---rh--q
(a) INTERIOR POINT
+ r4
I +8r4
I
k-rh--*-- rh ---+ __-_- rh ---- +/
+t(t-pe)r4
+*-2(l-p)rc
+* - & +(2-tc)r*
-3(1-p*) r*
I
7
1 +4(1 -P)r’
km-- rh---e ____ rh _____ 4
NOTE.-FOI general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 44.-Load-dejlection relations, vertical spacing: d at h; d at h/d; Sheet VI.

5
+128
+105 128 = L&+.
I I
-64
7 +&+4+
I
-&. t3rt-40r4
I
+&+4rr
IJ
-64
7
+ 64 r4
I 3
I
,+t-- r’++ --__ r,, ---+ __--- +-++-~‘,--~
(a) INTERIOR POINT
i
= PA!.
rh2 D
$‘h
7 35
+=+4r= -z - are-40r4 +&+2(2-p)r*
f -&
f ‘h
k +64 r4
3
/-+- rh--* ____ rh ____ +f+-- ____ rh _- ____ 4
+ + (I -pe) r4
= IP-R) h’ .
rh2 0
-is- + $ + 2(2-p)r* -&-4(1-p)rL-20(i-p1)P
+ + (I-pz)r*
p ____ rh---+-------rh _______ 4
NOTE.--For general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 45.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 2 at h; 1 at h/2; 1 at h/4, Sheet VIZ.

APPENDIX II 63
7-
h
P h’
= --.
rh* D
+4rP -are- 32r4 +4re
I +6r4
I
(a) INTERIOR POINT
x I +$ r4
I
%
i,h
= --. I' h4
* rh* D
+‘h
+4rp -Ore- 32r’ +2(2 -p)r*
+
+‘h
P +0r4
+-rh--4---rh ---- *-----rh-----+/
+ 2(2 -PC) r* -4wF12(1-pV
I ++-+ 0(1 -p)r* = (P-R)

--. h4
7 +t -I -4(2-pL)r’ + 661,-pcljr4
rh' 0
+2(2-p)r* -~-p)r*-i6(1-pe)r’
I +4(1 -p*)r’
k--- rh ----* _____ rh - ___- 4
NOTE.-For general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 46.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h; 3 at h/B, Sheet VIII.

+ f r’
-I +256
105 - Lg -,2p ++$+24r’+-j-r
496 . _
=-,2rg
105
+105 = +A!..
r’ 256
rh 0
-Tk +&+gre -g- 16rL - 192r4 + &-+ 0r r --A
b--rh--e --___ rh ----+ ______ rh----++--rh--4
(a) INTERIOR POINT
I ++r . I
5 25
-&+4rg - 6r’- 4oP -& +2(2-pL)r
+zz I +i56 I
I 105
= Lx..
F +isd
rh’ 0
?. -35
-6 +&+Br G-l6r*-192r4 +&t4(2-p)r
I I
I + 64t’
I
b--rh--e---- rh ----_ e -_____ rh------d
c
I +$(I -2) r*
II
5
+256 I -$ +2(2 -p)r*
I
+A-4(1-p)r*-20(1-p*)+
II
= P-R) h’ .
rh* D
-6s + & t 4(2-p)+ - & - 9(1 -p)r~9ql-p*) r*
+32(1 -/4r’
II
km-- rh ---* __---___ rh------A
FIGURE 47.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h; 1 at h/2; 2 at h/4, Sheet IX.

APPENDIX II 65
+ $ r4
= --.P h'
rh* D
-7 +&- +8r’ -$+ -16r’ 7 7
126 -320r’ +3-i-++rP -128
A
+ 51e r4
3
+-rf+-+ _____ rh ____ 4---rh---~--rh--~
(a) INTERIOR POINT
++ r4
= --.P h'
rh* D
- * +& + 69 -$$ -16r*-320r’ +& +4(2-p)r*
+w r*
be- rh --+ _____ rh ----+ ______ rh ____- 4
+ f (I -p*) r*
f
5
$ +e56
-& + 2(2-p)r* +A -4(1-p)r*-20(1-p*)r’
*
fh
I
r)
=. P-R)
rh'
h’
D
.
x
f;, -T&i +* +4(2-p)r * -&-8(1-p)rc-i60(i-$)r4
f +?(I -p*)r4
II
b--fh---e ______rh _______4

Nom-For general notes see Figure 39.
FIQURE 48.-Load-dejlection relations, vertical spacing: 1 each at h, h/d, h/4, and h/8, Sheet X.
b---r,, -+,+- --__ r,, ----- +-s-v rh ----- +-- r,,+..,
(0) INTERIOR POINT
I +gr*
I
+4rz -8r’- 32r’ +2(2-p)r*
+4rc - 8rg- 32r4 +2(2-p) r*
b--rh---+/.+ __-_ rh _____ T ______ rh _____ ++
I +2(2-p) rc I -4(1-p)r1-16(1-p)r411
.f+----rh ____ *- __--- rh ----- 4
(Cl POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE

FIGURE 49.-Load-dejfection relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/8, Sheet XI.

APPENDIX II 67
+ 64
3
r.
+ 9r* -l6r*- 192r4
+6rP - 16r* - 256r’ +6r2

I
+64r4
J
b-rh--+----rh ____ +----rh ----+--rh--d
(0) INTERIOR POINT
I l +y r’
I
p = --.P h’
rh* D
I +64r*
I
~-rh-~--- rh---++g-----rh ____ 4
+y (I-p*)+
II
I +4(2 -p)” -6(l-p)r’- 96(1-p’) r4

(I
I-++
$h
4 -+ -8(2-p)P
+4(2-p)r’ -e(l-p)re-126(1-pc)r4
+ 32(l -PL)r4
II
+-c-m r,, -+ _______ r,, - _____ +,
NOTE.-FOT general notes see Figure 39.
FIGURE 50.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/B; 3 at h/4, Sheet XII.

I +IoI -j+$-24r’ +z+46rt+yr4 -j$-24rt +s = f’ h’ .

r) 512
rh’ D
- & +& + 16r’ -.&-32~1536r4 +& + 16r’ - &
b--rh--+-----rh ____ h _____ rh _____ *---rh--~
(a) INTERIOR POINT
+ 84 r4
3
-!- p At.
r4 -3-D
+&+16r* - & -32r’- 1536r4 + & + 6(2-p) r*
-&
+512r4
k--rh-e -____ rh ____ +j+----- rh _____ 4
I ++(I -p*)r*
II
5 -&+4(2-p)rE
+sle t$ -6(l-~)+l6OfJ+)+
= (P-R) h’
--.
rh’ D
-I +&+6(2-p)r* -& - 16(1-/~)+766(1 +,r’
256
+256(1 -PC)+
II
b---rh ____ + _______ rh _______ 4
(cl POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE Y-EDGE

FIQIJRE 51.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/d; 1 at h/4; 8 at h/8, Sheet XIII.
APPENDIX II 69
$
x
f'h
- 16r*- 256r4
= P h'
x
-;i;p T-'
f'h
f +6r* -16rz- 266r. + 6re

flh
9 +64r4
bt---rh.--+ _____rh ____e _____rh ____+-rh--d
(a) INTERIOR POINT
-I +64r4
f:h
*
7Ic+T
I +Ort -l6r’- 256r’
t:” P h'
* = Ti;fO'
flh
* +6re --16+ -256r4 +4(2-p) rt
+@h
k +64r4
f+--rh---* ____ rh _____ * ______ rh _____ -f
,+--r,,/+ _____- r,, ----- +,
FIGURE 52.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: ,$ at h/4, Sheet XIV.

I +16r’ -32r’ - 1536r’ ( +,6,.F1
b--rh--+ -_____ rh ---- *-----rh ____ 4--,-h--d
(a) INTERIOR POINT
+ l6r* - 32r’ - 1536r4 +6(2 -p)rc

f
fh
+I++ -+q++& = m$+.
+ l6r* -32r* - 2046r’ +6(2-p)r*
+ 512r4
I +?(I -pE)r4
II
+ 6(2 -p)r* -160 +)r’- 766(1-/L*) r’
k--rh --+ ______ rh _____ -4
FIGURE 53.-Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/4; S at h/8, Sheet XV.

APPENDIX II 71
+512r4
P h’
rhL 0’
+16r’ - 32re- 2046P +l6r*
+ 512 r’
kc-- rh ---*-----rh _____ * -____ rh _____ G---rh --+
(a) INTERIOR POINT
+512 r4
+ 16r’ - 32r*- 2046P
+16r’ - 32 r’- 2046 r4 +6(2 -pL)r*
+s12r4
k--rh---* ____ rh _____ pj+ ______ rh ------~
+256(1- PL) r’
+6(2 -pLr* --16(1 -~)r’-lO24(1-~~
+6(2-p)+ -16(1-~)+1024(1-cp)
+c---rh--+ ____ -rh------4

FIGURE 54.-Load-dejlection relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/8, Sheet XVI.

b-irh +--+rh---h--s rh---h-irh-F(
I + 4r’ I
birh+--+rh--+--+rh--+-$rh-4
= --.(P-R) h'
rh* D
-16r*- tzr'
I +4r4 I
bkrh-*--irh--h--$rh--+-irh-4
+ + r'
+4rz -6rz- 2r4 +4r'
= (P-ax,
rh' D
FIGURE 55.-Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: .$ at rhl%, Sheet XVII.

APPENDIX II 73
= (P-R) ‘.
rh’ 0
+ 6P - 16P*- 16f’ +er’
+4r4
I = P 2.
7 rhTD
+ 6r’ - 16f’- 16f4 + 6P
+4r’
+-+rh -+--$ rh---+--+rh ---+- rh -4
I + 4 r4 I
b-$rhh--frh--h--irh--*-rh-c(
Th
I +$r
l I
f
P h’
P 7 -=
i”
rh D
+ 4r’ - 8r’ - 3r’ +4r’
$.,,
r2 + $r*
1 + 4r* 1 - 6~’ - 2r4 1 +4r* 1
,+,,++$ rh ---wf+--3rh --+- rh -4
FIGURE 50.-Load-dejlection relations, horizontal spacing: 3 at rh/d; 1 at th, Sheet XVIII.

+6f'
= (P-A) h'
7 --
rh D
+ 8rP - 12r* - 24r' + 4r*
+6r4
1
b-irh-rt<---$rh--+ ____ rh---+--rh-+
+2r'
P h'
= --.
rh' 0
+ 6fP - i2r2- 24r4 + 4rg
+6r'
b-$rh-+---irh --+f+----rh---*--rh--,../
+ Jr’
4
P h4
L +6 = --.
r' rh' D
+6rp - 12r* - 16r. +4r*
+6r'
b-$rh h---+rh---Zt, ____ rh---+--rh--+
+Jr’4
+4rz - 6r* - 3r'
P h4
=
2 --
rh 0
+2r*
b-irh-+---krh --+----,-h ---*--rh-+
I + Jr’
4 I
P h'
= - -.
rh' D
+4r* -6r* - Jr4 +2r2
+zr*
4
FIGURE 57.-Load-deflection relations, horizontal spacing: 2 at rh/d; 2 at rh, Sheet XIX.

APPENDIX II 75
= (P-RI
--. h4
rh' D
+6r'
I I
b-krh* _-__ ,-h---e--- rh ---e--,-h-+
+ =r'
I3 1
P h'
=
I--.
rh 0
k-irh-4 ___- rh ---e ---_ ,-h ---*-,-h -4
Th
f h
khrh 4--rh --e---rh---*-rhd
+r'
;f”
i;” 7
I
2-*
rh
P ha
D
$,,
r2
+2 r* -4r*
+
-
8r'
6r' + 2rP
bhrh b--rh--+=-/+---rh--+-j+-rh -4
I +r4
I
h'
= --. P
rh* D
+2r* - 4r" - 4r4 + 2rp
+r*
birh +---rh --e---rh--W/N- rh 4
FIGURE 58.-Load-desection relations, horizontal spacing: 1 at rh/8; 3 at rh, Sheet XX.

+6r4
+4rt - 6r* - 32r' + 4rt
(P-R) h'
= --.
rh' D
+4r' - 6P - 32r' + 4r'
+ 6r'
j-e-rh-+--rh--+---rh---+--rh-4
+ Lr'
3
P h'
= --.
rh* D
+4r' -6r'- 32r' +4r'
+ 6r*
+r4
I P h4
=
7 +P
77-D'
+4r' - er'- 24r4 +4r*
+6r'
b-rhh---rh --+---rh--4--rh-c(
+r4
P h*
= --.
rh' D
+2r1 - 4r'- 6r' +2r'
++rb
b-r h-4--- rh --4--- rh ---h- rh --f
+ r*
P h'
= --.
rh* D
+2re -4r' - 4r' +2r*
+r*
+-rh-+--- rh ---+--- rh--+- rh-4
NOTE.-For general notes see Figure 3%
FIGURE 59.-Load deJEection relations, horizontal spa&a: .4 at rh. Sheet XXI.

APPENDIX II 77
I I I J
I+-rh--+a---h-+-j I-c-rh-+k--rh-+I
(a) b)
l+rh+t+rh+
(4
INTERIOR POINT
Mx = $31
My = 0 t+-rh-+-rh -4
k4 (e)
tJI
*
+2rx +e(l-p)r*
4 My=++ * I
b=?pry!t *
-t H
Mx = pm, M, = 0
(h) (i)
EDGE AND CORNER POINTS
I+-rh--+--rh--4 I+-rh-+I+-rh-+I
(i) (k) (ml
INTERIOR AND EDGE POINTS - NONUNIFORM SPACING
Mr = 0 MI - 0
(4 1s) (t)
EDGE AND CORNER POINTS - FRACTIONAL VERTICAL SPACING
NOTES
4 = M, = 0 at either a fixed or moment-free corner.
M xv = MYI = 0 ot any point on o fixed edge.
NOTE.--For general notes see hgure 39.
FIQURE 6O.-Momentdejlection relations.

Mx P MyP
ah* He
b-+-rh +-rh-w,
L - 0
,--rh-+--rh -v,
FIGURE 61.-Moment-dejlection relations, various point spacings.

APPENDIX II
INTERIOR POINT
vy=$&0
-(l-IL) +2 I I -u) -(I-P)
t r2 0
+I -2(l t r2) +I
eF +r2
(4
POINT ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE EOQE
E
-r2(l-fi)
+2re(i-Cc)
D I
v, =Tm 0
-2+(1-u)
+r2( I-u)
(e)
(f)
POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE EDGE
(9) (h)
POINT ON A MOMENT-FREE EDGE ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE CORNER
FIGURE 62.-Shear-deflection Telations, Sheet I.

v,=P ’
h’ 2
(b)
POINT ADJACENT TO A FIXED EWE
(cl
(4
POINT ON A FIXED EDGE
/
/
/ *
/
, + -2
VY = -$-&r
(4 IfI
POINT ON A FIXED EOQE ADJACENT TO A FIXED CORNER
(e) (h)
POINT 0N.A MOMENT-FREE EDQE ADJACENT TO A FIXED EDQE
FIGURE 63.~Shear-dejlection relations, Sheet ZZ.

APPENDIX II 81
ph
vx =-
r3
b-rh-+-rhe b- rh +-rh+
-6(2 +r2) +4
k- r h -+- rh+
Note: These orroys opply Only where the load at corresponding

points on opposite sides of the centerline is equol in
magnitude but opposite in direction.
FIGURE &I.-Shear-de$ection relations, Sheet ZZZ.

+26.6 -59.6 +26.6

+ 32 -66 +32
i [ + 256 -1066 + 1669 - I066 + 256

+256 - I066 + 1670 -1086 +256
+32 -66 +32
f
+32 -66 +32
f +I
(a) INTERIOR POINT (b) POINT ADJACENT TO A FREE X-EDGE
+32 -66 +122.66 -517. 12 +76X46 -517.12 +122.66
+ 256 -1066 +50(1 -;!;6 +256 ] f’[

3
+32 -70
tb-fh--*--fh--*--th--~--~h--~
(C) INTERIOR POINT (d) POINT ON A FREE X-EDGE

VERTICAL SPACING: 3 AT h; I AT +h
l tl
f
+ 64 - 152 + 64 + IO -6 -10 -6 + IO
t I26 - 640 +G - 640 +I26 t 210 -936 +y -936 +210

3
+64 -I60 +64 -26 + 176 - 336 + 176 -26
+a +64
3
p-v f ,,++& + ,,++-- $ ,,-+-- f h-4
(0) INTERIOR POINT (f) INTERIOR POINT

VERTICAL SPACING: IATh; SAT+h VERTICAL SPACING: 2 AT h; I AT fh; I AT fh
FIGURE 65.-Load-deflection coeficients, r=M, p=O.Z.

--x i...
I I DEFLE(
IO.1 I +.005659*I +.ol!

I 1 1.0 1 +.000426
Deflection = (Coefficient)(ph’/D)
-+-IJP
l@J
beep-t; cc-p -4 k-p -ti

LOAO I LOAD Iz LOAD m
Deflection = (Coefficient)(ph’/D)
NOTE
Starred values computed from 30 equations are discorded
when the corresponding improved value is oljtoined
from the 20 equations.
FIGURE 67.-P&e $xed along three edges, deflection coefiients. a/b=%. Various loadings.
”, .Nxxm31 ay”w-*“sIY l o XIYMN
i5
%
I i
:
(0) POINT ON A FIXED Y- (b) POINT ON A FIXED I-EOQE (C) POINT ON A FIXED Y-EDBE
FREE X-CORNER ADJACENT TO A MOMENT-FREE X-EWE VERTICAL SP.oI*G: h ANO + h
[FIQURE 39 II,] [FIGURE 39 (II,] [FIGURE 42 iol]
tcfh-++hc( I+ h -+-fh+
(d) POINT ON A FIXED Y-EWE (0) POINT ON A FIXED CORNER (f) POINT ON A FIXED X-EWE
“ERTlCAL SPACING: + II ANO + h [FIGURE 49 (Ol] [FIGURE 49 IO,]
[FIGURE 44 to)]
REACTION-DEFLECTION COEFFICIENTS
r = l/4 p = 0.2
T
h
i
l+h -++hd
k+h+++hd CC+h-Ct(-+h+
(0) INTERIOR POINT (h) POINT ON A FREE EDQE (i) INTERIOR POINT
[FIGURE se to)] [FIGURE !N! Ml] “E”TIOAL scAaIw0: h A”0 f h
[ .=IGURE se (I,]
BENDING MOMENT-DEFLECTION COEFFICIENTS (M,)

r = l/4 jl = 0.2
+fh+-+h+i l++h -+fh tl
(j) INTERIOR POINT (k) POINT ON A FIXED EDQE (m) INTERIOR PQINT
[FIGURE se (b)] [FIGURE se (PI] “ERTlCAL SFAOIW: h AGO + b
[FIGURE se km)]
BENDING MOMENT-DEFLECTION COEFFICIENTS (MY)

r = I/4 p - 0.2
NOTES
To find the net reaction or the bendinq moment at ony focal point,
compute the products of the coefficients of the oppropiote orroy by
the deflection of the correspondinq points ond multiply their sum by (O/h’).
Figure numbers in brackets refer to qenerol expressions from which
these numeric01 orroys were computed.
FIGURE W.-Numerical values of typical moment and reaction arrays, r=x’, p=O.B.
APPENDIX II 87
POINT
Yfl DEFLECTIONS - w/(ph4/D)
0 I
I 1 I
6 0 +.017022 1 t.049660 1 + .063466 1 t. 107935 +.I16792
5 1 0 + .016122 t .046640 + .076499 +. 101377 + .I09650
4 1 0 + .016030 t.046526 t .077914 +. 100572 +.I06761
1310 1 +.015263 1 +.043935 1 t .073156
2 0 + .010730 + .029914 + .046903
I 0 + .004699 t.013261 + .02 1325
7 0 + .001835 + .004944 + .007660 t.010522 I
0 0 0 0 0
04 1 t.125 +I.131256 +I.256256

03 1 +.I25 +I.131056 + I .‘256056 .-_-.
02 t.09375 t .736474 + .a32224 +. 190464
01 + SO46675 +.I78392 + .225267
07 +.03125 - .000992 + .030256
00 [ t .Ol5625 -.056720 1 - .043095 1 + .029514
IO 1 t .03125 I -.001712 I t.029536 I + .023630
I I
20 + .03125 +.I10096 + .I41346 +. I I3077

30 + .03125 +.I92016 + .223266 +.I78613
40 + .03125 + .240512 + .271762 t.217410
50 + .03125 t .256320 + .207570 + .230056
I c” +6.249145 * lncludrs only of bo.
POINT
NO. BENDING MOMENT - MJpb*
0 I 2 3 4 5
6 + __-_.
020917 7 , +.009607 1 t .000693 1 -.005724 1 -.009592 1 -.010863 I
5 + .020636 + .009346 + .000622 1 -.005565 1 -.009301 1 -.010539
4 + .020516 + .009253 1 t -000553 1 -.005621 1 - .009305 1 - .010531 1
3 + .019562 + .006526 1 t .000273 1 - .005438 I -.006766 I - .009690 , I

2 + .013734 t .005335 - .000330 -.003930 -.005917 1 - .006549
0 0 + .000470 + .001266 + .002012 + .0025 I7 t .002694
POINT
NO.
BENDING MOMENT - My/pbe
-T
SE?1-
UhllJ 0 I
I
I 2 3 4 5
6 1 0 I 0 0 0 0 0
I !I t 004127 I +.001901 + .00022 I - .000949 -.001639 - .001666
4 + .004104 + .OOl625 t .00002 3 -.001264 - .002076 - .002344
3 + .003912 t .001559 - .000364 -.001636 - .002734 - .003036
2 + .002747 + .000703 -.001051 - .002366 - .003177 - .003449
0 1 0 + .002349 + .006326 t .01006 I + .012566 + .013460
FIGURE 70.-Plate fixed along three edges, dejlections-reactions-bending moments, Load I. a/b= xi, p=O.6.
List of References
1. Timoshenko, S., l%eory of Plates and SheuS, American Concrete Institute, Vol. XXIV,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1940. page 408, 1928.
2. Anonymous, “Rectangular Concrete Tanks,” 7. HoII, D. L., “Analysis of Plate Examples by
Concrete lnjormation Bulletin No. ST63, Difference Methods and the Superposition
Portland Cement Association, 1947. Principle,” Jvurnd of Applied Me&nice,
3. Westergaard, H. M., and Slater, W. A., Vol. 58, page A-81, 1936.
“Moments and Stresses in Slabs,” Proceed- 8. Barton, M. V., Finite LX@rence Equutions for
the Analysis of Thin Rectangular Plabs,
ings, American Concrete Institute, Vol.
University of Texas, 1948.
XVII, page 415,192l. 9. Jensen, V. P., “Analyses of Skew Slabs,”
4. Nielsen, N. J., Bestemmebe aj Spaendinger i Bulletin S&s No. $%?, University of
PZuder, JpLrgenson,Copenhagen, 1920. IIhnois, Engineering Experiment Station,
5. Marcus, H., Die Th-eorie elaatischer Qkwebe, 1941.
2nd Edition, Julius Springer, Berlin, 1932. 10. Scarborough, J. B., NumerieaZ Mahmuhal
6. Wise, J. A., “The Calculation of Flat Plates by Andy&, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore,
the Elastic Web Method,” Proceedings, 1950.
89
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.

A WATER RESOURCES TECHNICAL PUBLICATION

ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH NO. 27

Moments and Reactions for

Engineering Monograph NO. P7

Moments and Reactions for

United States Department of the Interior

First Printing: October 1963

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

INDEX OF BOUNDARY AND LOADING CONDITIONS

Method of Analysis ______________________________

Accuracy of Method of Analysis--------------------- 43

List of ,Re f erences------------------------------------_____ 89

1. Effect of Poisson’s Ratio (p) on Coefficients of Maximum Bending

Moment-: (Coefflctent) (pb’)

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

Moment = (Coefficieni) (pb’) Rx

POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION

I I 1.0 I+ 3177 lt.oe57r;

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

I # ---- I --- I t .3224 +. 3329 t.3356

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

1 FOSITIVE SIQN CCNVENTION

+ 0185 t 0226 i.0261 +.0264 +.wg,

;I+.0746 +.0666I+.O655 +.0644]

Aeoction = (Coefficient)( pb)

0 POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION

0 POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

0 POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

Moment : (Coefficient) (pb*) ’ h

POSITIVE SION CONVENTION

0 POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

f?eactlon = (Coefflcient)( pb)

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION

0 POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

Moment = (Coefftcient)( Fb)

POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION

.ol76 I+.0060 1t.0002 0 1 +.OlZl I+.0067 I+.0020 l-.0018

0.6 1 - .0023 - .0079

~+.0377~+.OlZOl+ OOOII- .0026 1 -0 ~~+.0165~+.006’~-.00051-.004z~-.UUb~(-.~0

1 -~3 LO.2 I+.0741 ~.0282~+.0144(+.0077~+ .00721+ .0061 1 0 1

-.0696 +.0333 +.2595 +.4574 +.7920 +I.1266

POSITIVE SIGN CONVENTION

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 0 0.2 0.d 1 ! 0.6 j 0.6 1 I. 0

1 -co 1 0.8 ~+.00751+.OOll ~+.0006~+.0006~+.0004~+ 00021 0 I+ 0002/+ 00021+.00021+ 0002/+.00031+.00031

+.I209 +.0067 +.0040 + 0021 +.0008 +.0001 0

l .0046 0 +.0001 +.ooos t.0009 +.0013 0

I.0 -.0462 +.0102 +.0106 +.0065 +.0055 +.0026 0 0 0 I. 0. ‘1 0 1 0 I 0

+.0019 + 0053 +.00691+.0125 0

+.0542 +.0113 -.0042 -.00741-.0051 t-7

Moment : (Coefficient) (pb’)

POSITIVE Sl(iN CONVENTION

I - I 0.2 ~+.1774~+.0131~+.0020~-.00171-.00241-.00171 0 I+.Ofi261-.OOl71-.00471-.00641

0 It.oos + .0033 + .0057 +.0072 t .I3383 0 0

+ .2052 + .2808 t .3064 t .3372 t .3473

Moment = (Coefficient) (pb*)

Reaction = (Coefficient) (pb)

POSITIVE SIQN CONVENTION

+.0075 +.0007 +.0006 +.0004 +.oooz +.0001 0 0

Moody's Chart

Moody's Chart

0 I+.0201 1 0 ~+.0007~+.0015).0020~+.0025~ 0 I 0 ~+.0037~+.0074~+.01021.

+ 2r* -4r- 4r4 + 2r