Isazamgisc 9216 D 3

Technical Memorandum
Project
:
Client:
GISC9216 Digital Image Processing Assignment 3

Ms. Janet Findlay,
Coordinator
Niagara College
GIS Prepared By: Margarita Isaza,

MBA, BSE (CS), DAD Certified,
GIS-GM Certificate Candidate
Subject
:
Geometric Correction and Mosaicking
Date:
19 March, 2015
GISC9216D3
1. Introduction
This is an assignment provided by a teacher of Digital Image Processing at Niagara College. It is
designed to serves as an introduction to the use Orthorectification of high-resolution images,
specifically this assignment undertake remotion of terrain distortions to produce reliable image data,
in this case is use to produce an accurate mosaic.
1.2 Purpose:
Following is the purpose provided in the terms of reference of the assignment
This exercise and assignment will expose the student to the fundamentals of orthorectification and
mosaic processes. The orthorectification will be completed on 3 different aerial photos. After been
orthorectified, these photos will be mosaicked to produce one image over the whole area. In order to
show the advantages of the orthorectification, a regular geometric correction will be performed on the
images and the results will be compared.
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Margarita Isaza margaritaisaza@gmail.com 905-359-7434
2 Responses to Questions:
Questions provided in terms of references of the assignment.
A) After entering 4 GCPs or more for your polynomial geometric correction, is the prediction process
giving you a good localization of the GCP you enter? Explain why.
After entering 4 GCPs or more for the polynomial geometric correction the prediction process is
giving a good localization of the GCP entered because this points provide the method with data to
reference the unreferenced imaginary and the more points provided and the more spread they
are better perditions can been expected from the method (To get this working as explained here
the points provided should be well localized in both imaginaries)
B) For each photo that will be geometrically corrected, take note of the total error of the Control
Point Error. Explain what is this error?
Total error of the Control Point Error is an average error resultant (calculated) from the individual
errors at selecting the GCPs on the polynomial geometric correction of the photos, which is a
manual process.
Total error of the Control Point Error for the 3 photos are shown as follows:
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Figure 1: Control Point Error photo1
Figure 2: Control Point Error photo1 (extracted from figure1)
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Figure 3: Contro2 Point Error photo2
Figure 4 Control Point Error photo2 (extracted from figure3)
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Figure 5: Control Point Error photo3
Figure 6: Control Point Error photo3 (extracted from figure5)
C) During the creation of the resampled image, take note of the default pixel size of each output
corrected photo. Is the pixel size of all the 3 corrected photos the same? Explain why. (Keep in
mind that the photos have been acquired by the same sensor under the same conditions and at
the same time)
Pixel size of all photos remain the same because the method used for the correction, the Nearest
Neighbor doesnt change the cell values.
Follows there are capture images of the default pixel size on the 3 photos taken during the
creation of the resampled images
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Figure 7: Default pixel size of output corrected photo1
Figure 8: Default pixel size of output corrected photo1 (extracted from figure7)
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D) Check the quality of the mosaic. Is there any geometric problem in the 3 photos mosaic (check
the overlap areas)? Is the overlay of the vector files over the mosaic image working properly
(check roads, bridges and buildings)? Is there any shift between the image and the vector file? If
yes, what is causing this shift?
Two Mosaics were produced with the 3 rectified photos, photos were rectified using the
polynomial rectification. The two mosaics produced were Most Nadir Seamline and Weighted
Seamline. Follows a caption which shows Seamline mosaic generation option on Erdas
Figure 13: Seamline mosaic generation option on Erdas
The quality of the mosaics is good which is going to be appreciated in detail in this session.
Mosaics were dropped on ArcGIS, ArcMap to overlap and compare them. Vector files were also
dropped over to evaluate the vector files over the mosaics. Follows a capture of the two produced
mosaics.
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Figure 14: Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic (left) and Weighted Seamline Mosaic (right)
Follows a capture that indicate one of the areas approched to comapare the two mosaics.
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Figure 15: Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic (left) and Weighted Seamline Mosaic (right) - Areas approached
Follows a capture that shows clear difference in the two mosaics, there are suddent discontinuiy
in some parts of the mosaics which is more notorious in Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic (left) as it
can be appreciated in Figure 16, it looks like there is some displacement of the image on some
lines along the mosaics which correspond to the joins of the three photos. Land also looks jagged
in this parts of the mosaic and is more notorious in the Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic as well. See
Figure 16.
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Figure 16: Close approach of Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic (left) and Weighted Seamline Mosaic (right)
Vector files over the mosaic image work well, especially roads in bridges however in buildings a
few displacement is more visible. See Figures 17 and 18.
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Figure 17: Buildings over Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic (left) and Weighted Seamline Mosaic (right)
Figure 18: Road approach over Most Nadir Seamline Mosaic (left) and Weighted Seamline Mosaic (right)
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Conclusions
By developing this assignment it was possible to obtain the result expected, not only the deliverables
provided in the terms of reference of the assignment but the learning objectives were reach since I gained
practical familiarity with the process orthorectification and the production of mosaics.
Bibliography
GISC9216 Digital Image Processing Terms of Reference for Deliverable D3, Geometric Correction,
orthorectification and Mosaicking
Niagara College GIS Resources
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Technical Memorandum

GISC9216 Digital Image Processing Assignment 3

GIS Prepared By: Margarita Isaza,

Geometric Correction and Mosaicking

Figure 1: Control Point Error photo1

Figure 2: Control Point Error photo1 (extracted from figure1)

Figure 3: Contro2 Point Error photo2

Figure 4 Control Point Error photo2 (extracted from figure3)

Figure 5: Control Point Error photo3

Figure 6: Control Point Error photo3 (extracted from figure5)

Figure 7: Default pixel size of output corrected photo1

Figure 9: Default pixel size of output corrected photo2

Figure 11: Default pixel size of output corrected photo3

Figure 13: Seamline mosaic generation option on Erdas

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