MANY HAZARDS MAY BE

PRESENT
AT ANY ONE INCIDENT.
THE RESULT OF THE
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF THE MATERIAL
OR ITS CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
WITH
OTHER MATERIALS OR
ENVIRONMENT TO WHICH IT IS
EXPOSED.

WARM

HOT
WI ND
DI RECTI ON

DECON

I SOLATI ON PERI METER

THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AT

WHICH A LIQUID GIVES OFF ENOUGH
VAPOS THAT WILL IGNITE AND FLASH
OVER BUT WILL NOT CONTINUE TO
BURN WITHOUT THE ADDITION OF
MORE HEAT

THE MINIMUM
TEMPERATURE REQUIRED
TO IGNITE GAS / VAPOR
WITHOUT A SPARK /
FLAME BEING PRESENT.

FLAMMABLE / EXPLOSIVE
RANGE/LIMITS
THE CONCENTRATION OF GAS /VAPOR IN AIR
THAT WILL BURN IF IGNITED. IT IS
EXPRESSED AS A PERSENTAGE THAT
DEFINES THE RANGE BETWEEN A LOWER
EXPLOSIVES LIMIT (LEL)
& AN UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (UEL). A
MIXTURE BELOW THE LEL IS TOO LEAN TO
BURN, A MIXTURE ABOVE THE UEL IS TOO
RICH TO BURN

100 %

TO RICH

13 %
EXPLOSION LIMIT

7%
TO LEAN

0%

FLAMMABLE LIMITS

THE POINT AT WHICH A LIQUID CHANGES

TO VAPOR . WHERE THE PRESSURE OF THE
LIQUID EQUALS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
A MAJOR CONSIDERATION WITH TOXIC
SUBTANCES IS HOW THEY ENTER THE
BODY. WITH HIGH BOILING POINT LIQUIDS
THE MOST COMMON ENTRY IS BY BODY
CONTACT, WITH LOW BOILING POINT
LIQUIDS, THE INHALATION ROUTE IS THE
MOST COMMON AND SERIOUS.

THE TEMPERATURE AT
WHICH A SOLID CHANGES
PHASE TO A LIQUID IS
THE MELTING POINT.THIS
TEMPERATURE IS ALSO
THE FREEZING POINT,
SINCE A LIQUID CAN
CHANGE PHASE TO A
SOLID.

THE ABILITY OF A SOLID, LIQUID,

GAS OR VAPOR TO DISSOLVE IN
A WATER / OTHER SPECIFIED
MEDIUM.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY IS THE RATIO

OF THE DENSITY OF A SUBSTANCE
TO THE DENSITY OF THE WATER AT THE
TEMPERATURE OF ITS MAXIMUM
DENSITY (4 DEGREE C ). IF THE DENSITY
OF THE SUBTANCE IS GREATER THAN 1 ,
IT WILL SINK IN WATER. THE SUBTANCE
WILL FLOAT ON WATER IF ITS LESS
THAN 1.

ABILITY OF SUBSTANCE TO
CHANGE FROM SOLID TO
THE VAPOR WITHOUT
PASSING THROUGH LIQUID
PHASE
RELIEF LIQUID / SOLID
CAN PASS INTO THE
VAPOR
(EVAPORATION)

IS THE WEIGHT OF A VOLUME OF PURE VAPOR

OR GAS (WHICH NO AIR PRESENT) COMPARED
TO THE WEIGHT OF AN EQUAL VOLUME OF DRY
AIR AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.
IT IS CALCULATED AS THE RATIO OF THE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE GAS TO THE
ADVERAGE MOLECULAR OF AIR. A VAPOR
DENSITY FIGURE LESS THAN 1 INDICATES THAT
THA VAPORS IS LIGHTER THAN AIR AND WILL
TEND TO RISE IN A RELATIVELY CALM
ATMOSPHERE.A FIGURE GREATER THAN 1
INDICATES THAT THE VAPOR IS HEAVIER THAN
AIR.

THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY A VAPOR WITHIN AGAINST

THE SIDES OF A CLOSED CONTAINER IS CALLED VAPOR
PRESSURE .
IT IS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT.AS THE TEMPERATURE
INCREASES, SO DOES THE VAPOR PRESSURE. THUS
,MORE LIQUID EVAPORATES /VAPORIZES.

The vapor pressure of substance at 100 F is

always higher than the vapor pressure at 68 F .
Vapor pressure reported in millimeters of
mercury (mm Hg ) 760 mm Hg is equivalent to
14.7 psi. / a atmosphere.
Materials with vapor pressure greater than
760 mm Hg are usually found as gases.

The lower the boiling point of a liquid, the

greater vapor pressure at a given temperature.

AMMONIA ANHYDROUS NH 3 PROPERTIES

FLAS
P.

I GN FLAM SP. VAP. BOI L. WAT. EXT.

TEM LI M GR. DEN. P.
SOL. METH

Gas 651 LEL

c

16
%

0.6

UEL

25%
HAZ. HT FLA
1
I DEN 3

REA
0

-33
c

Yes Stop the

flow

FACTOR INFLUENCE
- NATURE OF HAZMAT INVOLVED

- QUANTITY INVOLVED
- CONTAIMENT SYSTEM AND TYPE
STRESS ( PRESSURIZED / NON )
- PROXIMITY OF EXPOSURE : RATE
AND DISTANCE DISPERSION
- LEVEL OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES
WILL INFLUENCE THE LEVEL OF
RISK

THE TYPES OF MAJOR

INCIDENT

- LARGE SCALE TOXIC HAZARDS

- EXPLOSION HIGHLY REACTIVE /
UNSTABLE MATERIALS
- EXPLOSION STORED PRESSURE
- LARGE SCALE FIRE HAZARD
- LARGE SCALE EXLPOSION HAZARD
BLEVE