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Two kittens were harnessed to a carousel, with one able to move itself and the other moved passively. While both received the same visual stimulation by moving in a circle, only the self-moving kitten developed normal visual perception and depth perception, as shown by its ability to blink at approaching objects. The experiment demonstrated that self-actuated movement is necessary to develop full visual perception and understand spatial relationships from visual sensations alone.
Two kittens were harnessed to a carousel, with one able to move itself and the other moved passively. While both received the same visual stimulation by moving in a circle, only the self-moving kitten developed normal visual perception and depth perception, as shown by its ability to blink at approaching objects. The experiment demonstrated that self-actuated movement is necessary to develop full visual perception and understand spatial relationships from visual sensations alone.
Two kittens were harnessed to a carousel, with one able to move itself and the other moved passively. While both received the same visual stimulation by moving in a circle, only the self-moving kitten developed normal visual perception and depth perception, as shown by its ability to blink at approaching objects. The experiment demonstrated that self-actuated movement is necessary to develop full visual perception and understand spatial relationships from visual sensations alone.
The well-known experiment on vision performed by Held and Hein: They
harnessed a pair of kittens to a carousel (see the figure). One of the kittens was harnessed but stood on the ground and was able to rotate around by itself, while the other, being placed in the gondola, was only moved passively. As the one kitten walked, both moved in the circle.
[Held, R. and Hein A. (1963). Movement-produced stimulation in the
development of visually guided behavior. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56(5): 872-876.] None of them have received light before the experiment, as they both were reared in darkness from birth. The point of this experiment is that both kittens were made to learn to see the world, receiving the same visual stimulation. The difference was that the one could move actively, the other was moved passively. According to Held and Hein, only the self-moving kitten developed the normal visual perception. The other one, which was deprived of self-actuated movement, could not develop the depth perception. For example, it doesn't blink to an approaching object. In its visual field, I think, something looks 'bigger' when approaching, but never looks 'nearer'. The change of patterns in the visual field does not have the spatial meaning for the kitten. The self-actuated movement is necessary in order to develop the normal visual perception with depth. Our movement in the world, the movement from here to there or there to here, gives the dimension of depth to mere visual sensations. Movement is the key to understanding the vision.