Continuum

(Displacement only)
Bar
(u)

1D

2D

Truss
(u,v,w)
Plane
stress
(u,v)
Plane
Strain
(u,v)
Bricks
(u,v,w)

3D

Structural
(Displacement and Slope)
Beam
(u,v,w,
x,y,z)

Plate
(u,v,w,
x,y)
Shell
(u,v,w,
x,y,z)

u f ( x, y )
v f ( x, y )


u a1 a2 x a3 y
v a4 a5 x a6 y

u 1 x
1 x
1 x1
q 1 x2
1 x3
A a

a1

y a2
a
3

y a

u1 1 x1
y1
y2 a u2 1 x2
y3
u3 1 x3

y1 a

y 2 a

y 3 a

a A q
1

u 1 x

y A

u 1 x y 0 0 0
a1 a2 a3

v 0 0 0 1 x y
u1 1 x1 y2 0 0 0 a1
v 0 0 0 1 x y a
1
1 2
1
u2 1 x2 y2 0 0 0 a3


v
0
0
0
1
x
y
2
2 a4
2
u3 1 x3 y3 0 0 0 a5


v3 0 0 0 1 x3 y3 a6

q A a

a4

a5

a6

a A q
1

u 1 x y 0 0 0
1

A
q

v 0 0 0 1 x y
N q

N1 0 N 2 0 N 3
N 0 N 0 N 0
1
2

N1 1 1 x 1 y 2
N 2 2 2 x 2 y 2
N 3 3 3 x 3 y 2

i x j yk xk y j
i y j yk
i xk x j
2 1 2 3

0
N 3

u
x
x

x
x

y 0

xy

v
u v
y
xy
y
y x

0
x

u
0

y v

x
y

1
1
B N 0
2
1

N q B q

1 0
1 2

2
2

0
3
3

x
E

y E
2
1

xy

1
0 0

0
0

B q
2

k B EB tdA B EB tA
T

u f ( x, y )
v f ( x, y )

qi ui

u N1q1 N 2 q2 N q

N1 , N 2 , N 3 ?
@i
1
Ni
0 elsewhere

N1 c1 x x3 x x2
N 2 c2 x x1 x x3
N 3 c3 x x1 x x2

1 c1 x1 x3 x1 x2
1 c2 x2 x1 x2 x3
1 c3 x3 x1 x3 x2

x2 x x3 x
N
x2 x1 x3 x1
u N q

x3 x x1 x x1 x x2 x

x3 x2 x1 x2 x1 x3 x2 x3

B N

k B EB Adx
T

2
1.5
1
u_N1

0.5
0
-0.5
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1
q 2
1.7

1.5
1
u_N2
0.5

u_N1

0
-0.5
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

2
1.5
1

u_N3

u_N2

0.5

u_N1
0
-0.5
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

http://bendingmomentdiagram.com/

u
P x A EA
x
dv
d
2

d v
dx
d
M EI 2 EI EI

dx
dx
dx

v1

P2

P1

v2

v1= 1

2
M1

M2


H i a bxi cxi 2 dxi 3

q v1 1

v H q H1

v2 2

l
H2
2

H3

H 4 q
2

v1

v2

P2

P1

M1
12 EI
L3

6 EI
L2
12 EI
3
L
6 EI

L2

6 EI
L2
4 EI
L
6 EI
2
L
2 EI
L

12 EI
L3
6 EI
2
L
12 EI
L3
6 EI
2
L

M2
6 EI
L2

2 EI v1 P1

L 1 M 1

6 EI v2 P2
2
L 2 M 2
4 EI

,,>

x
x1
x2

x3

-1

1
N 1
2
u N q

1
2
1 1
2

du d N q d N
x

q
dx
dx
dx

N f x
d N d d N

dx
dx d

d
dx

dx
d

x1
dx d N a d N
J

x2
d
d
d
x3
1
1
2 1
2 1
2
2

x1

2 x2

x3

du 1 du 1 d N
x

q B q
dx J d J d
1 d N
B
J d

x2

k B
x1

E B Adx B E B AJd
T

1
1 i 1 i 1 i
8
0
N1 0 0 N 2 0
N 0 N1 0 0 N 2 0
0 0 N1 0
0 N2
Ni

q u1

v1

w1 u2

1 1 1

v2

w2

N8
0
0
u8

B EB det J d dd
T

1 1 1

v8

w8

0
N8
0

0
0
N8