NAME: Christina Garcia

A) Concept Explored: P-values

B) Initial thoughts: Easy part? Couldnt really think of it except once you
get the p-value is low then you reject H 0 and if the p-value is high
we do not reject H 0 . Its difficult for me to remember this section
because it just comes off hard. A lot of information and the formula is
slightly confusing.
C) Connection to past material: Z-values come back into play with the
formula for finding p-value
D) How I attempted to correct the concept: The notes provide a good
explanation: When we use this test statistic to calculate the p-value,
the probability of observing data at least as favorable to the alternative
hypothesis as our current data set, if the null hypothesis is true.
I like the following example I found online:
For example, suppose a pizza place claims their delivery times are 30
minutes or less on average but you think its more than that. You
conduct a hypothesis test because you believe the null hypothesis, Ho,
that the mean delivery time is 30 minutes max, is incorrect. Your
alternative hypothesis (Ha) is that the mean time is greater than 30
minutes. You randomly sample some delivery times and run the data
through the hypothesis test, and your p-value turns out to be 0.001,
which is much less than 0.05. In real terms, there is a probability of
0.001 that you will mistakenly reject the pizza places claim that their
delivery time is less than or equal to 30 minutes. Since typically we are
willing to reject the null hypothesis when this probability is less than
0.05, you conclude that the pizza place is wrong; their delivery times
are in fact more than 30 minutes on average, and you want to know
what theyre gonna do about it! (Of course, you could be wrong by
having sampled an unusually high number of late pizza deliveries just
by chance.)
E) Rate your level of confidence in your understanding of the
concept: 4=mostly confident

F) Final definition/description of concept: When you perform a

hypothesis test in statistics, a p-value helps you determine the
significance of your results.