Chapter 1

Elements of Electric
Drive Systems
Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
http://cialab.ee.washington.edu

Load

Motor

Mechanical

Electronic
Converter

Source

Power

Basic Components of an Electric Drive

System

Controller
(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

General elements of electric

drive system
Mechanical load
Motor
Power electronic devices
Converter
Sensing
Control

Old Drive System

dc Current

ac Current
Shaft
ac
Source

Induction
Motor

Shaft
dc
Generator

dc
Motor

Load

Historical
Backgroun
d (Line
shaft
drives)

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Historical Background (Line shaft

drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

Historical
Backgroun
d (Line
shaft
drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

Historical Background (Line shaft

drives)
Load Pulleys

Pulley

Motor

M
Belt

Load 1

Load 2

Load n

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Historical Background (Single-motor

single-load drives)

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Historical Background (Single-machine single-load drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Historical Background (Single-motor

single-load drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Historical Background (Single-motor

single-load drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Historical Background (Single-motor single-load

drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Historical Background (Multi-motor

drives)

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Historical Background (Multi-motor

drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Historical Background (Multi-motor

drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Historical Background (Multi-motor

drives)

(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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Mechanical Load

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Mechanical Load
n
T C Tr
nr

P T ;

, k 1,0 ,2

n
2
60

Tr: Rated torque

nr: speed at rated torque
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19

Torque
Independent of
k
Speed
n
k = 0
T=constant

T C Tr
nr

Hoist
Elevator
Pumping against constant
pressure
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Speed

Constant Torque

Torque
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Speed

P~n

Power
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Torque Proportional to the Square of

Speed
k

n
T C Tr
nr

k = 2
Fans
centrifugal pumps
propellers
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Speed

T~n

Torque
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Speed

P~n

Power
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25

Torque Inversely Proportional to

Speed

n
T C Tr
nr

k = - 1
Milling
boring machines
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Speed

1
T~
n

Torque
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Speed

P is constant

Power
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Electric Motors

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Electric Motors
Speed

I (Synchronous)
IV (Induction)
II (dc Shunt/Separately excited)

III (dc series excited)

Tmax
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Torque
30

Power Converter

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Power Sources
(Converters)

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Power Sources
(Converters)

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Power Sources (UPS)

Idc1

iin
ac/dc

Idc2

iout
dc/ac

IB
dc Link

IB
ac/dc

iout
dc/ac

IB
dc Link
(c) Mohamed El-sharkawi, UW

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