DesignforLearning

Instructor:EllenDeWitt&ChandlerMcAlister GradeLevel:5th
LessonTitle:RegionalDifferencesDate:March2,2015
CurriculumArea:SocialStudiesEstimatedTime:1hour
StandardsConnection:
11.)IdentifycausesoftheCivilWar,includingstates'rightsandtheissueofslavery.
DescribingtheimportanceoftheMissouriCompromise,NatTurner'sinsurrection,the
Compromiseof1850,theDredScottdecision,JohnBrown'srebellion,andtheelection
of1860
LearningObjective(s):
WhengivenaVenndiagram,studentswillcompareandcontrasttheNorthernand
SouthernregionsduringPreCivilWartimeswithfivefactsineachcontrastingsection
andtwointhesimilaritiessection,scoringatleasta7outofthe8ontherubric.
LearningObjective(s)statedinkidfriendlylanguage:
IwillbeabletocompareandcontrasttheNorthernregionandtheSouthernregionofthe
UnitedStatesbeforetheCivilWar.
EvaluationofLearningObjective(s):
ThestudentswillbegivenaVenndiagramwiththeNorthernregiononthetopandthe
Southernregiononthebottom,withsimilaritiesinthecenter.Studentsmustwrite3facts
inthenorthand3factsinthesouth,aswellastwothingstheregionshaveincommonin
themiddlesection.7outof8factsmustbecorrect.Ifstudentshavebetween7and8
correctfacts,theywillbeplacedinthegreen.Ifstudentshave6correct,theywillbein
theyellowsectionforeitheraquickconferenceorareteaching.Ifstudentshavebelow6
factsorincorrectfacts,theywillbeplacedintheredforreteaching.Ifstudentsfinish
workquicklyandfindthetasksimple,theywillbegivenachoiceboardfortheunitwith
achoiceofactivitiestocompleteeachday.
Engagement:
Whilethestudentsareoutoftheroomtheteacherwillplacecandyonrandomdesks.
Abouthalfoftheclasswillreceiveapieceofcandy.Thestudentswillwalkintotheroom
tofindthecandy.Allowthemamomenttorealizethatsomehaveitandsomedont.
Allowthemtointeractforacoupleofmomentswhilelisteningtotheirconversation.Tell
thestudentstoputthecandyintheirdeskandtheymaynoteatituntiltheteachergives

thempermissionorelsetherewillbeapunishment.Donoteatthiscandy!Ifyougota
piece,putitinyourdeskuntilItellyouotherwise.Therewillbepunishmentifyoueat
yourcandy.Bringthembacktogetherbysaying,Okayboysandgirls;itstimetoquiet
down.Ifyoucanhearmetouchyournose.Ifyouhearmetouchyourchin.Thankyou.Sit
downatyourdesksandcleareverythingoff.TheteacherwillpullupthePowerPointand
gotoslide2.Readthequestionontheboard.Taketwominutestoturnandtalktoyour
partneraboutwhatyouthinkthewordconflictmeans.Allowstudentstimetotalk.
Walkaroundandlistentotheirconversations.Theteacherwillwritedownpointsof
interestonstickynotestosharewiththeclass.Iheardsomegreatconversationsgoing
on.IheardAmysaythatconflictiswhenyoudontgetwhatyouwant.IheardTarsha
saythatconflictiswhenpeoplearefightingoversomething.Whatdotherestofyou
thinkaboutAmyandTarshasexplanationsofconflict?Allowforsomeclassroom
discoursetobeshared(nomorethan5minutes).Conflictisaseriousdisagreementor
argumentoftenoverpowerorproperty.Canyouthinkofaconflictwemighthavejust
hadinourclassroom?Thestudentswillrememberthecandybarincident.Leadthem
withquestionssuchas,ifyoudidnthaveacandybar,howdidyoufeel?Howdidyou
react?Wasthisfair?Thiscausedabitofastirinourclass,didntit?Thiswasa
conflict.Thestudentswillgetouttheirwritingjournals.Theywillrespondtosome
questionsaboutconflict.Iwanteveryonetogetouttheirwritingjournals.Wearegoing
todoaquickwriteaboutconflict.Iamgoingtogiveyousomequestionstohelpleadyou
inyourwriting.Youwillwriteforsevenminutesstraightwithoutstopping.Thesearethe
questionstohelpyou.IamgoingtoreadthemoncebutIllleavethemupontheboard.
1.Canyouthinkofatimeyouhavebeeninconflictwithsomeoneorsomething?2.How
doyouthinkconflictsarise?3.Howdopeoplerespondtoconflict?4.Howwouldyou
respondtoaconflictwithafriend?Rememberyouonlyhavesevenminutestowrite.
Pleasewritewithoutstoppingforthefullsevenminutes.Attheend,youwillhearatimer
gooff.
LearningDesign:
I.Teaching:
Wejustlearnedalittlebitaboutconflict.Sometimes,largegroupsofpeoplehave
conflictsanddealwiththemindifferentways.Somemajorconflictsthathappenaround
theworldoftenleadtowars.Wehaveevenhadoneinourcountry.Whoknowswhat
majorwarishappeningthatourcountryisinvolvedinrightnow?Thatsright,thereare
AmericansoldiersfightinginAfghanistanforourcountry.Thiswarstartedbecauseof
conflict.Warsdontjusthappentoday;theyhavehappenedallthroughouthistory.You
learnedalittlebitaboutAlabamasroleinonewarlastyearinfourthgrade.Everybody
atonce,tellmewhatwaryoulearnedaboutlastyear.Yes!YoulearnedaboutAlabamas
roleintheCivilWar.TheCivilWarhappenedinthe1800sintheUnitedStatesof
America.First,letsthinkaboutwhatwealreadyknow.Theteacherwillconducta
KWLcharttoseewhatthestudentsalreadyknow,whattheywanttolearn,and
eventuallywhattheylearned.Okay,wearegoingtodoaKWLchartabouttheCivil

War.WhocantellmewhatyourememberlearninglastyearabouttheCivilWar?You
cantellmeaboutpeople,battles,places,dates,anythingyouremember!Theteacherwill
recordstudentresponsesintheWhatIknowcategoryoftheKWL.Alright,whatdowe
wanttolearn?Isthereanythingyoumighthaveheardanolderfriendorparenttalk
abouttheCivilWarthatyouwanttolearnabout?Wewillfillinthelastcolumnlater.
WritethesedowninyourownKWLchartinyourgraphicorganizer.Makesureyou
dontlosethis,becauseitwillbepartofyourfinalstudyguide.Todayseventisgoingto
calledNorthvs.South.Canyousaythatafterme?Northvs.South.Wearealsogoingto
refertotheNorthandSouthasourkeyplayersasiftheywereactuallypeople.Letstake
alookatthismap.Takeamomenttoturnandtalktoyourpartneraboutwhatyounotice
aboutthismap.JanetandMandy,whatdidyoutwotalkabout?Thatsgreat,Imglad
younoticedthattheNorthandtheSouthweredividedintotwodifferentcolors.The
nationwasdividedbecauseeachregionhaddifferentbeliefs.Thisisgoingtobeour
majorproblemwetalkabouttoday.Today,wearegoingtolearnabouttheNorthernand
SouthernregionsoftheUnitedStatesbeforetheCivilWarandintheendyouwillbean
expertwhoisabletocompareandcontrastthetworegions.Letsreadourdaily
objectivetogether!IwillbeabletocompareandcontrasttheNorthernregionandthe
SouthernregionoftheUnitedStatesbeforetheCivilWar.Wealreadyseeinourmap
thattheyweredividedandaretwodifferentcolors.Letslearnwhy.Pleasegetoutyour
graphicorganizerfortodayandmakesureyouaretakingnotesonanythingyouthinkis
important.
Thefirsteventwearegoingtolearnaboutishowtheireconomiesweredifferentand
howthiscausedconflict.Eachregionsetuptheireconomydifferently.Economyisthe
waythatdifferentpeopleearnandspendmoney.Thenorthernstateswerevery
industrialized.WhenyouthinkofNewYorkCity,youshouldthinkoftheword
industrialized.LetslookatthisphotoofNewYork.Whatdoyounotice?Letswrite
thisdownonourclasstchart.Answersneedtoincludemachines,buildings,factories,
etc.Shewillwritedowndifferentwordsthestudentscomeupwithonheranchorchart.
Allofthesethingsthatyouguysmentionedtellmethatthisareaisindustrialized.Even
atyourage,youmighthavebeenworkinginoneofthesefactories.Lookatthepictureof
thekidsworkinginafactory.However,theSouthhadadifferentkindofeconomy.The
southreliedonfarmsorplantations.Hmm,thatwordplantation.haveyouheardthat
wordbefore?Letswritethewordplantationontheothersideofourtchart.Takealook
atthispictureofafarm/plantation.Whatdoyounotice?Teacherwillrecordstudent
observationsontheanchorchart.Becauseofthesedifferences,thetworegionsdidnot
alwaysagree.Okayboysandgirls.Ibroughtinsomethingtoday.Ihaveafewpiecesof
cottonwiththeseedsstillinit.Oneoftheseregionswehavebeentalkingaboutmadea
lotofcotton.Turnandtalktoyourneighboranddecidewhichregionyouthinkwould
havemadecotton.Theteacherwillallowstudentstimetothinkandtalkwiththeir
neighbors.KarenandJanet,whichregiondidyouallthinkthecottonwouldhavecome
from?Iagree.Thiscottonwouldhavecomefromthesouthernregion.Idontthinkthey
wouldhavemadecottoninthefactoriesandindustrializedregionoftheNorth.The
Southmadecottonandreliedonthistomaketheirmoney.Ifyouwereakidatthistime,
youmighthaveworkedoutinthefieldsalldaylongintheheatofthesummerpicking

seedsoutofthiscotton.Letswatchthisvideoofsomeonepickingtheseedsoutofcotton.
Thislooksreallytimeconsuming.Youmighthavebeendoingthisinthefieldsallday.To
makethisprocesseasiertheSouthhadtobuylotsofequipmentfromEngland.Because
oftheseeconomicaldifferences,therewereconflicts.Thefirstproblemthatoccurred
becauseofthedifferenteconomieswastaxationlaws.Ataxissomethingyouhavetopay
whenyoubuysomething.Eventodayweallpaytaxes.Whenyougotothegrocerystore
andthepriceonaCokesaysadollar,youenduppayingmoremoney.Haveyouever
thoughtaboutwhyyoupaymore?Youpaymorebecausethereisataxonthefoodyou
buy.Yourparentspaytaxestothegovernmentfordifferentthingseveryday.Peoplepaid
taxesalongtimeagotoo.Onekindofataxthatpeoplehavetopayiscalledatariff.If
thingsorproductsarebroughtintothecountryfromanothercountry,wecallthisa
tariff.So,atariffisataxongoodsbroughtintothecountry.Anotherwordforbrought
inisimported.Imentionedthatthesouthhadtobuylotsofdifferentpiecesof
equipmenttokeeptheirplantationsrunning.WheredidIsaythattheypurchasedtheir
equipment?Yes,theyboughtitfromEngland.WhereisEngland?Letstakeaquicklook
atthismap.Hm.EnglandisnotintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.So,whatdoyouthink
theSouththoughtofhightariffsonallofthethingstheyhavetobuy?Rememberthat
taxesandtariffsmakethingsmoreexpensive.TheSouthdidnotwanttariffsforthat
reason.Whywouldyouwanttopaymoreforsomethingifyoudidnthaveto?Thats
exactlywhattheSouthwasthinkingtoo.Hm.IftheSouthdidn'twanttariffsandweknow
therewasconflictwhatcanyouassumethattheNorthwanted?ThatsrighttheNorth
wantedtariffsongoodsboughtfromoutsideofthecountry.Thenorthwantedtariffs
becauseifthegoodstheSouthboughtfromotherareasintheworldweretooexpensive
thentheywouldhavetobuyfromthefactoriesintheNorth.ThismadetheSouthmad.
Theywantedtheirgoodsforcheap.Iamgoingtoplaceaniteminfrontofyou.Letslook
attheboardforasecond.HerewehavetwoiPads.TheyaretheexactsameiPad.Onthe
left,wehaveaniPadthatwecouldbuyintheNorth.Itcosts$200.Ontheright,wehave
theexactsameiPad,butitonlycosts$150.However,sinceitisfromEngland,itwould
havetobeimported.Therewouldbewhatkindoftaxonitsinceitsimported?Thats
right,therewouldbeatariffplacedonthisiPadfromEnglandsinceitwillbebrought
intoourcountry.ThetariffplacedonthisiPadis$100.So,wherewouldyouwanttobuy
youriPadfrom?Youreright,Betsy,youwouldbuyyouriPadintheNorth.Thebase
priceismoreexpensive,butthereisnotariffonitsointheend,itisthecheaperoption.
However,beforetariffsthecheaperoptionwouldhavebeentobuytheiPadfrom
England.CanyouseewhytheSouthmaygetangryabouttariffsnow?Thenextkeyevent
thetworegionsgotinconflictsoverwaspolitics.Politicsdealswiththeactivitiesofour
governmentandhowthecountryisrun.Doyouthinkthateveryoneagreesabouthowwe
shouldrunthecountry?Doyouthinkweallagreeaboutcertainlawsthatwehavein
place?Iamgoingtoreadyousomelawsthatwehavetofollow.Iwantyoutogivemea
thumbupifyouagreewiththelawandathumbsdownifyoudontagreewiththelaw.I
amgoingtokeepatallyontheboardtoseehowmanypeopleagreeandhowmany
peopledont.Okay,thefirstlawis:Youhavetowearyourseatbeltwhenridinginacar.
Thumbsuporthumbsdown.Theteacherwillcountandrecord.Okay,thesecondlawis:
Allchildrenundertheageof10havetorideinacarseatorboosterseat.Thumbsupor

thumbsdown.Theteacherwillcountandrecord.Thefinallawis:Allchildrenhavetogo
toschool.Thumbsuporthumbsdown.Theteacherwillcountandrecord.Letthe
studentsdiscussandargueastheywish.Asyoucansee,notallofyouagreedwiththose
laws.Therewasconflictinourclassroom.Someofyouthoughtthatthelawsweregood
tohaveinplaceandsomeofyoudidnot.Well,letmetellyouthis.Peoplehave
disagreedaboutlawsforyearsandyears,eventheNorthandtheSouthbeforetheCivil
Wardidnotagreeaboutsomelaws.So,somestatesbelievedthattheyshouldbeableto
choosetheirownlaws.Otherstatesbelievedthatthefederalgovernmentshouldmake
lawsandfinaldecisions.Basedonwhatwejustlearnedabouttheireconomies,which
sectiondoyouthinkwouldhavelikedtheideaofstatesrights,meaningtheygetto
choosetheirownlaws?Raiseyourhand.Goodjob,Orlean.Thesouthwantedtobeable
tochoosetheirownlaws,mainlybecausetheydidnotliketheideaoftariffs.They
thoughtthatthestatesshouldgettohavetherighttochoose.Wecallthisstatesrights.
Canyousaythatafterme?StatesRights.Thelastkeyeventthetworegionsgotinto
conflictoverwasslavery.RememberwhenIpassedoutthecottonandshowedthevideo
ofpickingtheseedsoutofthecotton?Well,ifyouweredoingthis,youwouldhavebeen
workingonaplantationasaslave.Slaveswereblackpeoplethatwereownedbyother
peopleandforcedtoworkwithoutgettingpaid.Mostofthetimetheyweretreatedvery
badly.Iftheydidntfollowtherulestheywouldbepunished.Theyworkedalldayinthe
hotsun.Theydidntgetalotoffoodorwater.Theyweretreatedasiftheywerenteven
humans.Sinceslavesworkedsolongeachdaytheylikedtosingsongstokeeptheir
spiritsup.Iamgoingtoplayyouasongthatsomeslavesusedtosingwhentheywould
work.ThesongwearegoingtolistentoiscalledIBeSoGladWhenTheSunGoes
Down.Letslookatthelyricsontheboardandinferwhattheslaveswerethinking
whileworking.Ithinkthattheslavesweretiredandwornout.Theyprobablysangto
stayentertainedsothattheirworkwasntsobad.Howdoyoufeelaboutslavery?Do
youthinkitshouldhavebeenallowed?DoyouthinkthattheNorthandtheSouthagreed
ontheissueofslavery?Eachside,theNorthandtheSouth,haddifferentopinionsabout
slavery.Thisdisagreementcausedmuchconflictbetweentheregions.Thesouthern
statessupportedslavery.Whydoyouthinktheyneededslaves?Theyneededslavesto
helpthemdothework.Rememberhowwesaidthatpickingcottonwasahardjoband
thattheymadetheirmoneybyfarming?Well,theSouthwantedsomeonetodothework
withouthavingtopaythem.Thepeoplewhoownedtheplantationswantedtomakeas
muchmoneyastheypossiblycould.Todothis,theyhadtoproducetonsofcottonand
notpaytheirworkers.Slaverywasagoodthingforthem.However,rememberhowyou
justtoldmethatyoudontthinkslaveryisfair?Well,thenorthernstatesdidntreally
liketheideaofslaveryeitherbutslaverywasspreadingacrosstheentireUnitedStates.
Thenorthernstatesdidnotsupportthespreadofslaveryacrossthenation.Thenorthern
stateswereokaywiththesouthernstateshavingslavesatthetimebuttheydidntwant
anymorestatestobecomeaslavestate.Aslavestateisastatethatallowsslavesanda
freestatedidnotallowslaves.Howdoyouthinkthiswouldhavecausedconflict?Thats
righttheSouthwantedslaverytospreadbecauseoftheireconomyandtheNorthdidnot
wantslaverytospread.Letstakealookatthemap.WouldAlabamahaveallowed
slaves?Yes,Alabamawouldhavehadslavesmeaningwearegoingtocallitaslave

state.Someonenameanotherstatethatwouldhavebeenaslavestate.Okay,whatabout
Pennsylvania?Thatsright.Pennsylvaniawouldhavebeenafreestate.Cansomeone
nameanotherfreestate.Thatsright!Doeseveryoneunderstandthatthesouthernstates
wereslavestatesandthenorthernstateswerefreestates.Nowwearegoingtoworkin
groupsforjustafewminutes.Takealookateachpictureontheboard.Talktoyour
tablegroupsandcompareandcontrastthetwopictures.Thinkabouthowtheyare
differentandwhattypeofpeoplewouldliveineachplace.Whichdoyouthinksupported
slaveryandwhichdidnt?Whichdoyouthinksupportedstatesrightsandwhichdidnt?
Whichwouldhavesupportedtariffsornot?Jotdownsomethingsonyourgraphic
organizer.Usethequestionsonyourgraphicorganizertoguideyouincomparingand
contrastingthetworegions.Theteacherwillallowthemenoughtimeuntilshenotices
theyaredone.Shewillwalkaroundandlistentodiscussionandwellasreteachanything
toagroupthatdoesnotseemtounderstand.Shewillbringtheclassbacktogetherto
reviewthequestionsansweredtomakesuretheyhavethecorrectinformationintheir
notes.Quietdown.Iheardsomegreatconversationgoingon.DavidandMandy,canyou
twosharewiththeclassyoursimilaritiesanddifferences?Whoelsethinkstheyknow?
Thankyou,everyone.
II.OpportunityforPractice:
Goaheadandclearoffyourdesksofeverythingexceptyourpencil,notes,andwriting
journal.IwantyoutopretendthatyouareacitizenlivingintheUnitedStatesduring
thistimebeforetheCivilWar.Youcanuseyournotestothinkabouttheeconomic
reasons,politicalreasons,andtheissueoverslaverytodecidewhichpartofthecountry
youwouldhavepreferredtolivein.Writeadiaryentryaboutwhereyouwouldlive.
Includewhyyouchosetolivethereandwhatyourdailylifewouldlooklike.Thisisnota
quickwritesoIwantyoutoTHINKbeforeyouwrite.Imgoingtogiveyoufiveminutes
tobrainstormandthenyoumaybeginwritingyouhearthetimer.Youhavetwenty
minutestowrite.Usewhatwehavelearnedtodayandyournotestosupportyour
decision.Theteacherwillwalkaroundwhilethestudentswritetonoticeanypossible
misunderstandingsthatneedtobeclarifiedbeforeassessment.Shewilltakenoteofwho
needsreteachingoranextensionactivity.
III.Assessment
Wow,youallhavelearnedsomuchtodayaboutthedifferencesbetweentheNorthand
theSouth.Imgoingtogiveyoutheopportunitytoshowmehowmuchyouhavelearned.
AgreatwaytocompareandcontrasttwothingsisbyusingaVenndiagram,sothisis
whatweregoingtodo.Pleaseclearyourdesksofeverythingbutapencil.Imgoingto
passaroundtheVenndiagram.Youmaynotuseyournotes.Onesidewillrepresentthe
NorthandtheothersidewillrepresenttheSouth.Writeeverythingyouknowaboutthe
Northontheleftside,andtheSouthontherightside.Inthemiddle,writehowthesetwo
regionsweresimilar.Youmustwrite3factsinboththeNorthandtheSouthsections,
and2factsinthemiddleabouthowtheyaresimilar.Theteacherwilldrawaquick
exampleontheboardwiththenumbersoffactsrequiredineachbubble.

IV.Closure:
Theteacherwillcollectthewritingjournalsandseewhatthestudentsknowaboutthe
regionaldifferencesandwhatthestudentstookin.Shewillalsomakesuretoreadwhat
theywroteaboutconflictfromthebeginningofthelesson.Theclasswillcomeback
togethertosharewhattheywrote.Whowantstosharewhattheywrote?Thanks.David,I
lovedwhatyouwrote.Willyoupleasesharewiththeclass?Ilikehowyoutalkedabout
whyyouwouldwanttoliveintheSouthbecauseyouwouldhavestatesrights.Thatisa
greatuseofvocabularyandknowledgeaboutwhatwelearnedtoday.Didanyone
mentionslaveryintheirwriting?Janet,IthinkIremembersomethinginyourwriting
aboutslavery.Doyouwanttoshare?ThestudentswillcompleteDay1oftheirConflict
GraphicOrganizerbridgingactivity.Thequestionforday1is:Whatisconflictandhow
doesitcausedifferences?Attheendoftheweek,thiswillhelpyouthinkaboutconflict
overallandhowitledtothebeginningoftheCivilWar.Useittohelpyoustudyforyour
test.Goaheadandfillinwhatyoulearnedtodayaboutconflictandregionaldifferences.
Wewillfillintherestaftereachday.
MaterialsandResources:

PowerPoint
PrometheanBoard
Projector
Whiteboard
Dryerasemarkers
Pencils
Writingjournals
Stickynotes
Notetakinggraphicorganizer
VennDiagramassessment
Timer
Cotton
Chartpaper
Computer
Candybars
Conflictgraphicorganizer
3,2,1graphicorganizerforchoiceboard
http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson951/strate
gy.pdf

ChoiceBoard

Reteachingworksheet

DifferentiationStrategies(includingplansforindividuallearners):
ExtensionThestudentswillhavethreechoicesfordayoneonachoiceboard.Theycan
choosefromoneormoreofthechoicesdependingontime.
ReteachingThestudentsthatneedreteachingwillbepulledintoasmallgroup.They
willbeabletoaskquestionsoneononeandthencompleteasimpleworksheet.The
teacherwillthendetermineiftheyunderstandthecontent.

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DesignforLearning