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Aesthetic Functional
Finishes Finishes
Aesthetic Finishes
• Aesthetic Finishes modify the appearance and /or hand or
drape of the fabrics.
• Fulling
• Mercerization
• Napping And Sueding
• Plisse
• Shearing
• Softening
• Stiffening
Functional Finishes
• Functional Finishes improve the performance properties of
the fabric ; like durability, strength etc.
• Antimicrobial/Antiseptic
• Antistatic
• Crease resistant
• Durable Press
• Flame Resistant
• Mothproof
• Shrinkage Control
• Soil Release
• Water Proof/Repellant
• According to the quality
Temporary Permanent
Semi
Permanent
Temporary Finishes
• A finish which is not stable and goes off after the first wash is
known as temporary finish and these finishes disappears
during subsequent washing and usage.
• Calendering
• Embossing
• Starching
• Softening
Permanent Finishes
• If the finishing effect in the fabric does not disappear and
remains unaffected through all the conditions of wear and
washing treatments, then the finish is said to be permanent
finish.
• Sanforising
• Resin Finish
• Water Proof
• Flame Proof
Semi permanent Finishes
• A Finishing on the fabric is said to be semi permanent finish if
it is stable to more than 5 to 10 washes and not afterwards.
• Schreiner Calendering
• Buckram Finish
• According to type of machinery
Chemical Mechanical
Finishes Finishes
Chemical Finishes
• Chemical finishes are usually applied to fabric by padding
followed by curing and drying. These are also called as wet
Finishes.
• Calendering
• Raising
• Sanforising
• Milling
• Routine finishes
• Special finishes
Calendering
• Calendering may be defined as the modification of the surface
of a fabric by the action of heat and pressure.
• As the fabric passes through the heated chamber, creases and wrinkles are
removed, the weave is straightened, and the fabric is dried to its final size.
• When the process is applied to wet wools it is called crabbing;
Tentering / stentering
machines
Creping
A crepe effect may be achieved by finishing. In one method, which is
not permanent, the cloth is passed, in the presence of steam,
between hot rollers filled with indentations producing waved and
puckered areas.
The treated areas shrink, and the untreated areas pucker. If the
pattern is applied in the form of stripes, the effect is called plissé; an
allover design produces blister crepe.
Crepe
effect
Raising
• 1. Napping
Using wire-covered rolls to "dig out" individual fiber ends
to the surface
• 2. Sueding
Using abrasive-covered rolls (sandpaper, emery cloth, etc.)
to produce shorter pile surface - does cause an apparent shade
change.
Special type of raised surface fabric is corduroy
Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric.
suede
Shearing
• Shearing- for pile fabrics, surface pile is cut to control the pattern and
appearance.
• Brushing-
• Embossed fabrics-
• Plisse’- puckered surfaces created by printing fabric with sodium
hydroxide in stripes or designs.
• Flocking
• Glued on short fibers to create fuzzy surface
• Napping/brushing – fiber ends raised by mechanical brushing
• Fulled- wool fabrics are shrunk in a controlled manner,
• Beetled-
• Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric. Emery paper or
• some other mild abrasion to surface of fabric.
Mercerisation
• Mercerisation is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that gives fabric
a lustrous appearance. The process is applied to materials like cotton or
hemp.
• Many such finishes add more than one property to a fabric. The label may
indicate which finishes have been applied to the fabric.
• Stabilization Finishes –
• Sanforized indicates that a fabric has been treated so that it will shrink or
stretch not more than 1 or 2%. Preshrunk fabrics have been preshrunk to a
certain extent but still may shrink considerably
Pilling
Anti-pilling finishes:
Pilling is an unpleasant phenomenon associated with spun
yarn fabrics especially when they contain synthetics.
Synthetic fibers are more readily brought to the surface of
fabric due to their smooth surface and circular cross section
and due to their higher tensile strength and abrasion
resistance, the pills formed take a long time to be abraded by
wear.
With knit fabric, two more problems occur, viz., "picking"
where the abrasion individual fibers work themselves out of
yarn loops onto the surface when garment catches a pointed
or rough object.
• Permanent Anti-static effects:
• With the increasing use synthetic fibers for carpets and other
materials in public places, anti-microbial finishes have assumed
importance.
• Anti microbial finish Eco-friendly anti microbial finishing agent for
cotton fabrics & Garments.Useful for eliminating bacterial growth
due to sweat.
• This removed extremely hazardous materials, such as things that will flash
over quickly with only a small spark.
• Clothing will still burn, however, the amount of flame and combustion is
controlled.
• This heat setting fixes the fabrics in the relaxed state and thus
avoids subsequent shrinkage or creasing of fabric. Presetting of
goods make it possible to use higher temperature for setting
without considering the sublimation properties of dyes and also has
a favorable effect on dyeing behavior and running properties of
goods.
• On the other hand, post setting can be combined with some other
operations such as thermosol dyeing or optical brightening of
polyester, post setting as a final finish is useful to get a high
dimensional stability along with desired handle.
• Enzymatic finishes
• Bio-polishing: This is a process to remove the protruding
fibers of a fabric through the action an enzyme. This enzyme
selectively acts on the protruding fibers and cease to work
after finishing the work by a simple raise in temperature of
the treatment bath.
Shrinkage Control Finishes
• Sanforized, compressive
shrinkage:
Cottons are shrunk by
compressing fabric between
two blankets overfed over
heated cylinders.