Infinitives and ing-forms

The bare infinitives

Is used after:
Modal verbs(can, could. may. should, must)
Let and make in the active voice.
Would rather and had better
The full infinitives
is used after:
Certain verbs (want, would like, decide, hope, manage, agree, refuse,
seem, promise, etc)
Be adjective (its nice, i was happy, etc.)
too and enough
question words (how, what, when, where, etc.)
the ing- or gerunds
is used after:
certain verbs (avoid, enjoy, love, hate, finish, imagine, mind, risk, suggest,
consider, etc.)
certain expressions (how about, its no use, its no good, theres no point in,
be used to, etc.)
prepositions (for, about, without, etc.)
EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY
(may, might, could)
Use might, may, could + base form to express posibility in the present or
future.
Use might, may + have + past participle to express posibility in the past.
Use could + have + past participle to express posibility in the past wich was
not fulfilled.

MAKING DEDUCTIONS
(must- cant)
Use must + base form to express certainty that something is true
Use cant + base form to express belief that something is imposible
Use must + have + past participle to express certainty that something
happendd in the past.
Use cant/couldnt + have + past participle to express ceertainty that
something didnt happen.
PASIVE VOICE
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Present simple (am/is/are + past participle)

Past simple (was/were + past participle)
Present perfect simple (have/has + been + past participle)
Past perfect simple (had +been + past participle)
Future will (will and be + past participle)
Modal verbs (can/must/may/should/etc, + be + past participle)

CLAUSES ON CONCESSION
Use altought, even though, in spite of and despite to introduce an idea wich is
expressed in the main clause
Although / even though + subject + verb
In spite of / despite + noun / the fact that / what/ ing form
UNREAL PAST I
Sometimes we use the past simple when referring to the presento r future, this is
called the Unreal Past.
We use only wish / If only + past simple to make a wish about a presento r
future situation wich we would like to be different
We use wish / If only + couls + bare infinitive to express regreet about
something we cannot do at present
We use would rather + past simple to saty that we would prefer somebody to
do or not do something (the subject of would rather must be different from
the subject of the main verb.)
We use its time + past simple to complain, criticize or express what we think
should be done

 We use as if / as though + past simple for untrue situations..

UNREAL PAST II
We use wish / if only + past perfect simple to express regret about
something that happened or didnt happen in the past.
We use would rather / as if / as though + past perfect simple to refer to the
past.
CAUSATIVE FORM
Is used when we dont do something ourselves, but we arrange for somebody else
to do it for us.
The causative form is formed as follows:
Subject + have / get + object + past participle
Present simple i have my car fixed
Present progressive im having my car fixed
Past simple i had my car fixed
Past progressive i was having my car fixed
Future will ill have my car fixed
Present perfect simple ive had my car ifxed
Past perfect simple i had had my car fixed
Modal verbs i must have my car fixed.