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Documenti di Professioni
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Disabilities
Subgroups of
Learning
Disabilities:
Written Language
Social & Emotional Characteristics
Behavioral Characteristics
Additional Resources
Works Cited
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Although students
with learning
disabilities
typically have
average or aboveaverage
intelligence, they
usually display
weaknesses in one
or more areas of
Cognitive Characteristics
Students with learning
disabilities may have poor
selective attention (Friend,
2011, p. 133). These students
may have extraordinary
difficulty paying attention to
only the important stimuli in
their present environments.
Students with learning
disabilities may have
perceptual problems. Examples
of this would be a student
skipping over words while
reading but still being able to
see them, and the ability to
distinguish right from left.
Memory can also be
related to learning disabilities.
Students may have trouble with
either short-term memory, longterm memory, or both.
Students with learning
disabilities may have difficulty
with metacognition, or thinking
cognition,
including attention,
perception,
memory, and
thinking/
Academic Characteristics
Reading: Most students with
learning disabilities experience
significant problems in reading
(Friend, 2011, p. 134). Many
students struggle with
phonological awareness,
which is the ability to make the
connection between letters and
the sounds they stand for, and
is essential for developing
reading proficiency. Other
students may struggle with oral
fluency, which is reading aloud
in a word-by-word manner
without appropriate inflection
or rhythm. Another typical
reading problem for students
processing.
(Friend, 2011, p. 133)
Recommended
Teaching
Strategies
with learning disabilities is
comprehension, having no
understanding of words read.
Oral Language: Oral
language problems usually fall
into the areas phonology,
morphology, syntax,
semantics, and pragmatics.
Phonology - using the
correct sounds to form words
Morphology - the study of
the smallest meaningful units
of language
Syntax - the rules of
grammar
Semantics - the meanings of
words or phrases
Pragmatics - the ability to
successfully participate in
interactions with others
Inclusive Practices
Transition/Adulthood
Additional Resources
http://www.ldanatl.org/
The Learning Disabilities Association
has many resources available for parents
and teachers. The basics of learning
disabilities are provided in detail and
there are many suggestions on how to
assist children with learning disabilities.
This website also provides parents with
resources on how to get special education
services for their child.
Behavioral
Characteristics
The behavioral
characteristics of students with
http://www.ldonline.org/kids
LD Online is a website for
children with learning disabilities.
Teachers can use this website in
the classroom or tell parents
about it for students to go on it at
home. This website lets students
share art and stories with other
children with learning disabilities.
Works Cited
Marilyn Friend,
(2011). Special
Education. 3rd ed.
New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc..
The Don't Give Up Kid:
and Learning
Disabilities, (2009).
Jeanne Gehret. 4th ed.
New York: Verbal
Images Press.
(2012). . [ONLINE]
Available at: http://
www.ldanatl.org/.
[Last Accessed 25
September 2012].
(2010). . [ONLINE]
Available at: http://
www.ldonline.org/.
[Last Accessed 25
September 2012].