Lois V. Brown (Editor). (2007). Psychology of Motivation.

: Nova Science
Publishers, Inc.
https://books.google.com.my/books?
id=hzPCuKfpXLMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=motivation&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G4dAVd
XQApKGuASPw4HgAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

This brings us to the current notion of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. An intrinsic
motivation encourages behavior for their own sake. An extrinsic motivation is
dependent upon the consequential rewards and punishments resulting from the
behavior. Thus, is candy bar consumption occurs because of a threshold drop in
blood glucose, this is an intrinsically based motivation. However, if you eat a food
that you dont car for in order to please your spouse, this is an extrinsically derived
motivation. When we describe ourselves as highly motived we are usually
considering extrinsic motivation. A persistence to succeed at school, in a new career
or occupation, at mastering a new boy, are likely motived by external rewards
received, or expected to be received, by these goal-directed behaviors rather than
any intrinsic satisfaction (McClelland et al., 1889). In this way primary motivational
need states for food, water, shelter, are based on biological needs. Secondary
motivations arise from learned experiences within ones environment and do not
directly satisfy biological needs but may facilitate these needs.

One of the most famous and frequently utilized approaches to the

understanding of motivations is Abraham Maslows (1970;1971) hierarchy of needs.
Maslow understood the distinction between primary and secondary motivations and
extended this concept to include a sequencing and prioritization of these motives.
In this wa, the basic biological needs formed the foundation of his pyramid, safety
and security needs the next level, belongingness and love the next level, esteem
needs concerned with accomplishment, success and prestige came next, and finally
at the top of the pyramid, self actualization suggesting the accomplishment of
ones full potential regarding creativity and productivity. This model has been used
extensively in businesses and corporations around the world as a mean to
understand and encourage successful and motivated behaviors by employees. This
theory make use of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in the construction of the
hierarchy.