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Medical Applications
User Guide
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2010, 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Document Number: MDAPPUSGDRM118 REV 1
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Table of Contents
Introduction
1.1 Freescale Offers Technology for Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Welcome to Freescale Medical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Telehealth Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.1 Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1.2 Voltage Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.3 Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.4 Touch-Sensing Software Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.5 How it Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.6 Freescale Proximity Technology Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.7 PWM Function for a Speaker Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.8 Wireless Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.8.1 Introduction to ZigBee Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.8.2 Freescale Solutions with ZigBee Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.8.3 ZigBee Health Care Profile and IEEE 802.15.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.8.4 Why ZigBee Is Ideal for Wireless Vital Sign Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.8.5 Freescale Enables ZigBee Health Care Profile for Medical Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.8.6 Transceivers and Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.9 Freescale Continua Health Alliance Certified USB Library Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.10 Standard Medical USB Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.11 Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Blood Pressure Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 Heartbeat Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.3 Systolic and Diastolic Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.4 Invasive Blood Pressure Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.5 Obtaining Pressure Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.6 Blood Pressure Monitor Reference Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.7 Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Heart Rate Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1 Heart Signals Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Filters and Amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 Amplifier and Filtering Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.4 Obtaining QRS Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.5. Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fetal Heart Rate Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.1 Doppler Fetal Heart Rate Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.2 Ultrasonic Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.3 Electrical Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.4 Signal Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.5 Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Blood Glucose Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.2 Test Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.3 Wired and Wireless Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.4 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.5 Inertial Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.6 Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Pulse Oximetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8.1 Theory Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8.2 Signal Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.3 Circuit Design Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.3.1 Circuit LED Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.3.2 Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Hearing Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.2 Microphone Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.3 Li-ion Battery Charger Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.4 Class D Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.5 Digital Signal Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.6 Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Electrocardiograph and Portable ECG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
QRS Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Filtering ECG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Electrodes Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Display Driver and Touch Screen Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Enhanced Multiply-Accumulate (eMAC) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
freescale.com/medical
Intelligent Hospitals
Intelligent Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Hospital Admission Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Patient Height and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Patient Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Communication Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Backlight Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Multimedia Applications with i.MX515 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Additional Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Powered Patient Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
16.2 Using Motors for Patient Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
16.3 Integrated Real-Time Patient Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
16.4 Integrated Tilt Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
16.5 Integrated Intercom Using VoIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
16.6 Additional Freescale Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Medical Imaging
Medical Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
17.2 Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
17.3 How Ultrasound Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
17.4 Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
17.5 Multiplexer for Tx/Rx Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
17.6 Instrumentation Amplifier and Variable Gain Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
17.7 Beamformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
17.8 Microprocessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
17.9 Digital X-Ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
17.10 Analog Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
17.11 Photo Detector Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
17.12 DSP/DSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
17.13 Capacitive Sensing and Touch Screen Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Summary
Appendix
Digital Signal Processing Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Digital Filter Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Freescale Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Instrumentation Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Medical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Introduction
Introduction
1.1
that are now common in the home, like portable heart rate monitors,
scales that also measure body fat4. As clinicians look for new ways to
maximum battery life with power management ICs that allow a precise
Telehealth Systems
3.1
Introduction
One of the trends in the home medical market is the need to monitor
most of them share similar features and the end result is the same.
Data from the patient is monitored and transferred to the health care
provider.
then relays the patients vital sign information to his or her physician at
Form factors for a telehealth system may vary from a simple patient
monitoring system to a high-end robotic telehealth surgical assistant.
The parts of a basic telehealth system are shown in Figure 3-1.
periodic intervals (usually once a day) via Ethernet, Wi-Fi, phone line or
cellular network.
6) www.who.int/medical_devices/en/
Power Management
Every design needs a power source. If the
power source is not stable, the system may
USB
USB
and/or
and/or
Ethernet
Ethernet
Keypad
Keypad
Voltage
Regulation
Voltage
Regulation
PWM
PC/Broadband or
PC/Broadband
POTS
connectionor
POTS Connection
Speaker
PWM
MCU/MPU
MCU/MPU
Display
Display
Wireless
Comm
Wireless
Comm
IR Interface
MCU
Optional
Peripherals
IR Interface Sensors
Analog
Key Features
Freescale Technology
Optional
MC34713
VMASTER
VIN
VREFIN
PGND
VDDI
FREQ
freescale.com/medical
BOOT
VOUT
SW
INV
COMP
VIN
VOUT
PVIN
ILIM
PG
GND
SD
Microcontroller,
DSP,
FPGA,
ASIC
Voltage Regulation
In systems where an MCU or DSP are used,
Battery Charger
AC Line
Battery
AC Adapter
Other Blocks
MC34713
MCU
Other Blocks
MPC18730
The MPC18730 is a 1.15 V/2.4 V 2-ch.
DC-to-DC converter with three low-dropout
regulators. Key features include:
alkaline battery
S
T
Vin
1uF
0.1uF
Vout
2.7 to 4.2V
input VB
VB
VO
VREF
RSTO1B
EXT_G_ON
VO
MC34704
The MC34704 is a multi-channel PMIC. Key
RSTO2B
Programmable
0.805V to 1.5V
VCC2
SW2
SREGI1
SREGO1
Programmable
0.865V to 2.8V
CONTROL
LOGIC
SREGI2
SREGO2
Programmable
0.011V to 2.8V
INPUTS
SREGI3
SREGO3
Programmable
2.08V to 2.8V
VO1
VO2
features include:
VCC1
SW1
Programmable
1.613V to 3.2V
MC34713
GND
PGND
VG
VB
SWG
MC34704
Figure
3-6:Functional
MC34704 Internal
Block Diagram
Block Diagram
Output Groups
(except REG7)
VREF Generator
VDDI Reference
Regulator 1*
Regulator 2
Regulator 3
Regulator 4
Regulator 5*
Regulator 6*
Regulator 7*
Regulator 8
Regulator 5
3.1.3
Over-Voltage
Under-Voltage
VREF Generator
Short-Circuit
Over-Current
Keypad
Logic and Control
Startup Sequencing
Soft-Start Control
VREF Generator
Fault Register
Smaller design
More durability because there is virtually no
mechanical wear
Easy to keep clean
Freescale provides software libraries that
VDD
Pull-up
resistor
up to
64
GPIO port
MCU with
Proximity Software
Touch Pads
MPR084
touched
freescale.com/medical
MPR083
VDD
Pull-up
resistor
GPIO
port
MPRO84
(32 ms4s)
from EMI events such as PA bursts or user
SDA
handling
SCL
8 Touch Pads
MPRO31
MPRO32
I2C bus
3 Touch Pads
MCU
VDD
75K
1
Pull-up
resistor
MPRO83
4
5
8 Position Rotary
E1
E2
3.1.4
Capacitance
to Digital
Converter
Signal
Processing
Stage
Output
En
Touch-Sensing Software
Suite
Buzzer
Feedback to
User
algorithms
Modular software design to add new
algorithms
Easy to use with the simple and robust
API set, including algorithms, patents
and system implementations that protect
10
How it Works
The external capacitance is charged and
Overflow
Overflow
Period
Pulse
Width
TPMxCHn
Output
Compare
Output
Compare
Output
Compare
components:
Electrodes: Physical area that the user uses
Period
Pulse
Width
3.1.6
Freescale Proximity
Technology Summary
Extra hardware (except for pull-up resistors)
pull-up resistor.
freescale.com/medical
11
RC
RB
Q1
3.1.8
Wireless Communication
3.1.8.1
Introduction to ZigBee
Technology
The ZigBee Alliance defines low-power
wireless communication protocol stacks and
profiles designed for monitoring and control of
devices in a variety of markets and applications.
These include consumer, smart energy, control
and automation and medical markets. There are
two different specifications (ZigBee and ZigBee
Consumer) as well as multiple profiles that focus
on specific markets. Freescale provides the
3.1.8.2
12
3.1.8.3
Configuration Diagrams
for Freescale ZigBee
Transceiver Families
MC1319x
Transceiver
Impedance
Coupling
Transceiver
Switch
Impedance
Coupling
MC1321x
MCU and
Transceiver
Switch
Impedance
Coupling
MC1322x
backed systems.
MCU
Transceiver
Module
freescale.com/medical
Impedance
Coupling
Switch
13
IEEE 802.15.4
MC1319x
MC1320x
MC1321x
MC1322x
insurance requirements.
3.1.8.5
PAN Devices
LAN/WAN
allows customers to use a wizard and dropdown menus to help configure the ZigBee
network parameters.
Freescale provides an article, ZigBee
Mouse
Medical
USBSeries
Storage
HID
PHD
CDC
MSD
Class
Device
Device Layer
S08
CF-V1
Controll
Controller
S08
CF-V1
Core
Hardware
Register
to this chapter.
14
Table 3-1. Freescale MCU Families that Support the USB Personal Health Care Device
SOC
Use Case
S08
MC13191
MC9S08MM128
PAN device
MC9S08JM16
MC9S08JM60
PAN device
16 channels
MC9S08JS16
ColdFire V1
output power
MCF51JM128
MCF51MM256
MCF51JE256
microcontrollers
MCF51(JF/JU)128
ColdFire V2
MCF5225x
ARM Cortex-M4
encode
Link quality and energy detect functions
Three power-down modes for power
conservation (Hibernate, Doze, Tx and Rx)
Rx sensitivity of 91 dBm (typical) at 1.0%
packet error rate
Kinetis K20
Kinetis K40
Kinetis K60
ARM i.MX
MCIMX233
MCIMX28x
MCIMX51x
3.1.9
Freescale Continua
Health Alliance Certified
USB Library Software
One of the most considerable challenges
for medical designers is medical standard
compliances. The Continua Health Alliance
Implant
BloodPressure
Cuff
Digital
Home
Health Care
Provider
Service
Pedometer
Disease
Management
Service
Cell Phone
Weight
Scale
Internet
Personal Health
System
PC
Personal
Health Record
Service
Fitness
Equipment
Medication
Tracking
Implant
Monitoring
Service
freescale.com/medical
15
Application
must be considered:
IEEE 11073, which provides structure to the
TIL Interface
Medical Connectivity
communication interface
Personal health care device class (PHDC),
which is a standard implementation of USB
USB
Ethernet
Transport
USB
TCP/IP
Transport
USB HW
Ethernet
Transport
TIL SHIM
Interface API
Available Functionality
MPC8313
Core
L1 I/D cache
Memory controller
PCI
Ethernet
98145.452
MPC8313E
Security
None
SEC 2.2
UART
Dual
I2C
Dual
A connectivity-friendly environment is
SPI
Boot options
software stack.
Internal controller
MUX/dedicated GPIO
DMA
Power management
1
NOR, NAND
PIC
10/16
4 channels
1.2W
Standby power <300 mW
freescale.com.
16
be downloaded at freescale.com.
DDR/DDR2
SDRAM Controller
Security
Acceleration
at freescale.com.
e300 Core
Complex
Local Bus
Core
Accelerators
Performance Monitor,
DUART, I2C,
Timers, GPIO,
Interrupt Control
I/O
2x Gigabit
Ethernet
SGMII
USB
ULPI
4-ch.
DMA
PCI
PHY
2-lane SerDes
ICE+BDM
ROM-Based
USB Bootloader
2-ch., 16-bit
Timer
SPI
MTIM
SCI
COP
KBI
RTC
CRC
USB 2.0
MCG
256B
USB RAM
6 KB
8 KB
Flash
512 KB SRAM
Memory
Options
S08 Core
Debugging/Interfaces
Peripherals
Flash
RAM
controller
16/8 KB flash, 512B SRAM, 256B USB
RAM 2.7V to 5.5V operation, -40C to
+85C operation
ROM-based USB bootloader
SCI, SPI, 8-channel KBI
include:
freescale.com/medical
17
Additional Freescale
Technologies
This table describes additional Freescale devices
that can be used for telehealth applications. Visit
freescale.com to read the application notes or for
more information about any of these devices.
Table 3-3. Additional Freescale Technologies for Telehealth Systems
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MPC5121e
32-bit embedded
processors
e300 core
400 MHz
760 MIPS
DDR
USB 2.0 OTG
MCF5445X
32-bit microprocessor
MACs
I2S bus
DMA
USB OTG
DDR2/DDR
e300c3
2 IU with FPU
400 MHz
DMA
DDR2
USB 2.0 OTG
MCF51QE,
MCF51JE,
MCF51MM
Flexis 32-bit
ColdFire V1
microcontroller
i.MX2x
Applications
processor
portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, DDR1/mDDR/
NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core,
LCD controller, touch screen,
DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/
NAND/NOR, Ethernet MAC,
USB PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera
sensor, touch screen
i.MX283: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, touch screen,
DDR2/mDDR/NAND,
Ethernet, USB PHY x2
18
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
i.MX51x
Multimedia
applications processor
family
S08JM,
S08JE,
S08JS,
S08MM
8-bit USB
microcontroller
MPC18730
1.15V/2.4V 2-ch.
DC-to-DC converters
with three low-dropout
regulators
MC13883
Integrated charger,
USB On-The-Go
transceiver and carkit
interface
MC34704
Multi-channel power
management IC
(PMIC)
MPR083
8-position rotary
Optimized to manage an
8-position rotary shaped
capacitive array
MPR084
Optimized to manage an
8-touch pad capacitive array
MC13191
freescale.com/medical
19
Introduction
Blood pressure monitors are medical devices for patients who suffer
from hypertension who need to detect, measure and track their blood
cuff that the patient wears. The Korotkoff method is based on listening
20
Heartbeat Detection
The heartbeat rate is considered one of the
vital patient measurements. The following
FigurePressure
4-1: Blood
Pressure
Monitor (BPM) General Block Diagram
Blood
Monitor
(BPM)
Power
Power
Management
Inertial
Inertial
SensorSensor
Management
SPI/I2C 2
SPI/I C
Wireless
Wireless
Comm
Display
Comm
MCU
Display
DC Brush
Motor Control
USB
Keypad
Amplifier
Keypad
Main System
To PC
Pump Motor
Pressure Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Pump Motor
Bleed Valve
4.3
Non-Volatile
Memory
To PC
Main System
Non-Volatile
Memory
USB
DC Brush SPI/I2C
Motor Control
SPI/I2C
Display
MCU
Freescale Technology
MCU
Bleed Valve
Optional
Optional
Peripherals
Sensor System
(Intergrated with main system
for wrist applications or with cuff
for all other applications)
Sensor System
Analog
Sensors
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
Pressure
0
1
449
897
1345 1793 2241 2689 3137 3585 4033 4481 4929 5377 5825 6273 6721
4.4
2000
1500
Heartbeat
1000
method.
Freescale has long been a provider of sensors
500
0
1
458
915
1372 1829 2286 2743 3200 3657 4114 4571 5028 5485 5942 6399 6856
21
Obtaining Pressure
Measurements
The basic function of a blood pressure
MAP
SBP
2000
DBP
1500
Heartbeat
Pressure
1000
500
0
1
458
915
1372 1829 2286 2743 3200 3657 4114 4571 5028 5485 5942 6399 6856
Figure 4-5: Flexis Microcontroller Blood Pressure Monitor Reference Design Block Diagram
Respirators
Motor Control
Power Stage
Dialysis equipment
Power Stage
High Pass
Filter
OLED
Display
MC9S08JM60
USB MCU
SPI (4)
Ctrl (2)
MC13202
(ZigBee
Transceiver)
PCB
Antenna
ADC (1)
SPI (3)
GPIO (3)
USB
Connector
(Type B)
TPM (1)
DC Motor
(Air Pump)
Physical therapy
MPXV5050GP
(Pressure
Sensor)
Air Chamber
TPM (1)
Power Supply
(3.3, 12V)
I2C (2)
MCU
MC9S08QE128
GPIO
(39)
GPIO (1)
Valve
ADC (1)
SCI (2)
MPR083
(Capacitive
Touch)
Electrodes (5)
Non-Volatile
Memory
Low Pass
Filter (RC)
Batteries
Speaker
Audio
Amplifier
22
MPAK
Unibody
Case
1317
Small
Outline
Package
Case
(SOP)
482
Through
Hole 492B
Tire
Pressure
Monitor
Vacuum
Port
Axial
Port
Side
Port
Basic
Element
Dual
Port
Dual
Port
Axial
Port
Medical
Chip Pak
Gauge
Port
Case
423A
Inertial Sensors
MMA
12
60
EG
Proximity Sensors
R2
PR
EE
PPP
RR
Aids Introduction.
For Wireless Communication, Power
Micro Machined
Accelerometer
Product Category
M = Qualified Standard
C = Custom Device
P = Prototype Device
Shipping Method
R2 = Tape and Reel
Random
Number
EG = RoJS
Compliance
Version
Number of Electrodes
Proximity Sensor
PX
XXX
T1
Category
M = Qualified Standard
C = Custom Device
P = Prototype Device
Pressure
Sensors
Shipping Method
None Trays
Leadform Options
T1
Tape and Reel
None No Leadform
1 Indicates Part
0
Open
Orienctation in Tape
1-2
(Consult Factory)
U
Rail
3-5
Open
6-7
SOP Only
(6 - Gull Wing/Surface Mount)
(7-87 Degrees/Dip)
Package Type
None Unibody
A/V
Small Outline Package (SOP)
AZ/VZ Small Outline Media-Resistant Package
C
Chip Pak
H
Super Small Outline Package (SSOP)
HZ
Super Small Outline Media-Resistant Package
M
M-PAK
Y
Super Small Outline Package (TPM)
Features
None Uncompensated
2
Temperature Compensated/Calibrated
3
Open
4
Temperature Compensated/Calibrated/Signal Conditioned Automotive Accuracy
5
Temperature Compensated/Calibrated/Signal Conditioned
6
High Temperature
7
Positive/Negative Pressure
8
CMOS
2
Porting Style
C
Axial Port
(Small Outline Package)
P
Ported
Single Port (AP, GP, GVP)
Dual Port (DP)
S
Stovepipe Port (Unibody)
SX
Axial Port (Unibody)
Type of Device
A
Absolute
G
Gauge
D
Differential
V
Vacuum/Gauge
1. Actual product marking may be abbreviated due to space constraints but packaging label will reflect full part number.
2. Only applies to qualified and prototype products. This does not apply to custom products.
freescale.com/medical
23
Key features
Motor Control
Power Stage
Valve
Up to 8 KB RAM
Loop-control oscillator
DC Motor
(Air Pump)
High Pass
Filter
Power Stage
GPIO
SPI (4)
Ctrl (2)
ADC (1)
TPM (1)
TPM (1)
MPXV5050GP
(Pressure
Sensor)
Air Chamber
ADC (1)
MCU
MC9S08QE128
8 KB
SRAM
128 KB
Flash
4.7
Additional Freescale
Technologies
4 KB
SRAM
64 KB
Flash
4 KB
SRAM
32 KB
Flash
Memory
Options
Core
BDM
ICS +
ULP Osc
GPI/O
2 KBI
2 x SPI
2 x I2C
24-ch.,
12-bit ADC
6-ch.,
16-bit
Timer
2 x SCI
COP
2 x 3-ch.,
16-bit
Timer
2x
Comparator
Real-Time
Counter
2 Rapid
GPI/O Ports
ColdFire V1
Core
System
Inegration
Optional
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MPC17C724
MCF51QE,
MCF51JE,
MCF51MM
Flexis 32-bit
ColdFire V1
microcontroller
8-bit USB
S08JM,
S08JE, S08JS, microcontroller
S08MM
24
freescale.com/medical
25
FigureRate
5-2: Monitor
Heart Rate
Monitor (HRM) General Block Diagram
Heart
(HRM)
Special Conductive
GloveSpecial
or Finger
Touch
Conductive
to Glove
Conductive
Area
or Finger
Touch
to Conductive Area
Amplifier
Amplifier
Power
LED
Keypad
Display
Display
Push Buttons
ADC
ADC
MCU
MCU
Receiver/
Antenna
Amplifier
USB
Coin
Cell
Power
Battery
LED
Receiver/
Amplifier
PWM
Receiver System
To PC
Amplifier
USB
Coin Cell
CoinBattery
Cell
Battery
MCU
To PC
ADC
Coin Cell
Conductive
Rubber Chest Strap
Battery
or Special Clothing
MCU
Freescale TechnologyADC
Amplifier
To Main
Main Receiver
System
Receiver
System
Amp and
To Main
Remote
ModulatorAntenna Receiver
System
Sensor System
Features
RS08KA2
10
Flash (KB)
RAM (Bytes)
63
GPIO
2/4
Keyboard Interrupt
ADCMP Mondule
3/5
Yes
MTIM Module
Yes
Timers
None
Package
6-pin DFN
8-Pin SOIC/PDIP
Optional
MCU
Optional
Peripherals
Analog
Remote
Sensor System
Sensors
26
Instrumentation
Amplifier
ADC
Frequency Response
Diagnostic grade monitoring
3 dB frequency, bandwidth of 0.1 Hz150 Hz
Band-pass filter
Rlp = 1 k Rhp = 1.5 M Clp = Chp = 1 uF
Vi1
R4
AC line noise
R2
Vid=
(Vi1-Vi2 )
Vid/2R1
R2
Vid(1+2R2 /2R1)
Vo=R4 /R3( 1+R2 /R1)Vid
R3
A=Vo/Vid
R4
2R1
R3
Vi2
R1 = 500 R2 = 4.5 k
Requirements for the operational amplifier, the
second part of the instrumentation amplifier,
include:
High gain 100
Output voltage around 1 V
Low offset
R3 = 1 k R2 = 100 k
5.4
27
Raw ECG
5.5
Additional Freescale
Technologies
This table describes additional Freescale
devices that can be used for heart rate
monitor applications, and application notes.
LPF
Integrate
S
HPF
Differentiate
Square
Y(n)
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MCF51JM
Flexis 32-bit
ColdFire V1 USB
microcontroller
MCF51JE
Flexis 32-bit V1
microcontroller, ultra
low power with USB
OTG
AN4115: IrDA Driver and SD Card File System on the MM/JE Flexis Family
ANPERIPHQRUG: Quick Reference User Guide for Analog Peripherals on the MM and JE Family
AN3412: Dynamic LCD Driver Using GPIO Pins
MCF51QM/QH/
QF/QU
ColdFire+ 32-bit
V1 microcontroller,
ultra low power with
EEPROM
MCF51MM
Flexis 32-bit V1
microcontroller, ultra
low power with USB
OTG and analog front
end
AN4115: IrDA Driver and SD Card File System on the MM/JE Flexis Family
ANPERIPHQRUG: Quick Reference User Guide for Analog Peripherals on the MM and JE Family
AN3412: Dynamic LCD Driver Using GPIO Pins
S08LL, S08LH
S08 ultra-low-power
MCU with LCD driver
S08QE
Flexis 8-bit
HCS08
microcontrollers
50 MHz
4 KB to 128 KB flash memory
8 KB to 256 KB RAM
RS08KA
8-bit microcontroller
family
1.8V5.5V at 10 MHz
More flash and RAM
than competitors analog
controls
S08SH
5V 8-bit
microcontrollers
AN3756: Using and Synchronizing the S08s Internal Clock for LIN Slave Implementations
MC34712
Switching regulator
AN1902: Quad Flat Pack No-Lead (QFN) and Micro Dual Flat Pack No-Lead (DFN)
MC34713
Switching regulator
AN1902: Quad Flat Pack No-Lead (QFN) and Micro Dual Flat Pack No-Lead (DFN)
MC34716
Switching regulator
AN1902: Quad Flat Pack No-Lead (QFN) and Micro Dual Flat Pack No-Lead (DFN)
MC34717
Switching regulator
AN1902: Quad Flat Pack No-Lead (QFN) and Micro Dual Flat Pack No-Lead (DFN)
28
In this case, the source sends acoustic waves to the heart of a fetus
inside the mothers womb. Part of the energy bounces back. However,
because the heart is beating, the bounced waves are affected by the
freescale.com/medical
29
Ultrasonic Probe
Figure
6-1: Fetal
Heart Rate
Monitor General Block Diagram
Fetal
Heart
Rate Monitor
General
Power
Power
Management
Management
Keypad
Keypad
Signal
Conditioning
Amplifier
Signal
Conditioning
Electrical
Protection
MCU
Amplifier
Segment LCD
ADC
MCU
Electrical
Protection
Ultrasonic Probe
Segment LCD
ADC
Pressure Sensor
Wireless Comm
PWM
Ultrasonic Probe
MCU
Optional
Peripherals
Analog
PWM
Sensors
Freescale Technology
Optional
6.3
Electrical Protection
Any time an AC-powered medical device
comes into contact with a patient, the system
must be designed with electrical protection in
mind. Electrical protection limits the current to
Waves emitted
by a static object
Waves emitted
by a moving object
6.4
Signal Conditioning
Signal conditioning can be implemented using
Glucose Meter.
30
R1
speed
U2
R3
T1
Transducer
X1
C1
C2
Integrated Peripherals
Phase-Locked Loop
Transducer
T2
fin
Instrumentation
Amplifier
Band-Pass
Filter
To MCU
ADC input
Vout
feedback
(SCI/UART)
Up to two serial peripheral interfaces (SPI)
Up to two IC buses
Up to 70 general-purpose input and output
ports (GPIO)
MCF51QEFlexis 32-bit
V1 ColdFire Core
Oscillator
Transmitter
Transducer
Current
Limiter
Amplifier
Up to 8 KB RAM
1.8V to 3.6V operating voltage range
Electrical
Isolation
Loop-control oscillator
Highly accurate internal clock (ICS)
Single-wire background debug interface
Phase-Locked
Loop
Band-Pass
Filter
Instrumentation
Amplifier
Receiver
Transducer
Signal
bounced
to MCU
ADC input
Probe
Electrical Protection
Amplifier
Signal Conditioning
freescale.com/medical
31
6.5
Additional Freescale
Technologies
This table describes additional Freescale
devices that can be used for fetal heart rate
monitor applications, as well as application
notes. To read the application notes or for
more information about any of these devices,
visit freescale.com.
For wireless communication, power
management, keypad and speaker
implementation modules, see Chapter 3
Introduction.
Table 6-1. Additional Freescale Technologies for Fetal Heart Rate Monitors
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
RS08LA
RS08 cost-effective
MCUs with LCD
driver
DSP563xx
32
Digital signal
processor
Introduction
A glucometer is a device for determining the approximate
When the conductivity is high, the voltage drop is low, and when the
freescale.com/medical
33
Test Strip
FigureGlucose
7-1: Blood
Glucose
Monitor (BGM) General Block Diagram
Blood
Monitor
(BGM)
Inertial
Sensor
Inertial
Sensor
Wireless
Comm
Wireless
Comm
Keypad
Display
MCU/MPU
PWM
Display
Test Strip
DAC
ADC
opAmp
Power
Management
Power
Management
MCU/MPU
MCU
Optional
Peripherals
DAC
ADC
opAmp
Keypad
Analog
Sensors
PWM
Test Strip
Freescale Technology
Optional
Rv
R+Rv
Vo=Vi
Vi
RV
Vo
the system.
The TRIOUT pin of this module must be
connected with an external resistor (gain
resistor) to the VINN pin, which is the inverting
input of the operational amplifier. The VINP pin
must be connected to ground.
R2
li
Vo
U1
MCU/MPU
Reactive
Electrode
External
Components
Embedded
Transimpedance
Amplifier
Embedded
ADC
34
7.4
Antenna
Antenna
ZigBee
Transceiver
ZigBee
Transceiver
Blood Glucose
Monitor
Remote
Monitoring System
Patient
Frontplanes
Charge
Pump
VLL
Backplanes
MCU with
LCD controller
freescale.com/medical
35
-40C to +85C
Two ultra-low-power stop modes
MCU
Internal
OSC
AVDD
DVDD_IO
GND
Clock
GEN
other functions
X-axis
Transducer
Y-axis
Transducer
CS
C-to-V
Converter
MUX
AMP
ADC
SPI
I 2C
TimerTwo 2-channel
Offset
Trim
Selftest
Interface
SDA/SDI/SDO
SCL/SPC
Z-axis
Transducer
SDO
Gain
Trim
TCO
Trim
INT1/DRDY
Control Logic
INT2
comparator output
Serial peripheral interface (SPI)One
module with full-duplex or single-wire
bidirectional
detection.
7.5
Inertial Sensor
landscape functions.
36
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MCF51MM
Flexis 32-bit V1
microcontroller, ultra
low power with USB
OTG and analog front
end
AN4115: IrDA Driver and SD Card File System on the MM/JE Flexis Family
ANPERIPHQRUG: Quick Reference User Guide for Analog Peripherals on the MM and JE Family
AN3412: Dynamic LCD Driver Using GPIO Pins
AN3949: ADC16 Calibration Procedure and Programmable Delay Block Synchronization
S08JS
8-bit microcontroller
family
i.MX2x
Applications
processor
portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, DDR1/mDDR/
NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core,
LCD controller, touch screen,
DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/NAND/
NOR, Ethernet MAC, USB
PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera
sensor, touch screen
i.MX283: 454MHz core, power
management, LCD controller,
touch screen, DDR2/mDDR/
NAND, Ethernet, USB PHY x2
MMA745xL
ARM926EJ-S 400
MHz core
16 KB L1 I-cache and D-cache
16-channel DMA
ETM real-time debug
Smart Speed switch
freescale.com/medical
37
Pulse Oximetry
8.1
Theory Overview
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is defined as the ratio of oxyhemoglobin
the actual difference in the absorption spectra of HbO2 and Hb. The
38
Signal Acquisition
(RED)
660 nm
(INFRARED)
940 nm
HbO2
Hb
0.1
600
700
800
900
1000
Wavelength (nm)
R=
log10(Iac)1
log10(Iac)2
SaO2 as R
Iac= Light intensity at 1 or 2, where only AC level
is present 1 or 2 are the wavelengths used.
External
LED and Driver
Signal Conditioning
AC Components
8.3
LED On/Off
MCU Pins
Select 0/1
Photodiode
DAC_0
DAC_1
Demultiplexer
Transimpedance
Amplifier
LED Range
Control
Pseudo Analog
Ground
Differential
Amplifier
RBF
(40 Hz-60 Hz)
Multiplexer
ADC
Hear Rate
Monitor
Zero
Crossing
SaO2
Digital Band
Pass Filter
Display
DC Tracking
LPF (below
0.5 Hz)
8.3.1
saturation.
39
Signal Processing
The current proportioned by the photodiode
Finger or Earlobe
Integrated Peripherals
USB 2.0 full-speed device
ADC12-channel, 12-bit
Analog comparator module (ACMP)
IC
Two SCI
Two SPI8-bit or 16-bit
40
ICE + BDM
MGC
Up to 51
GPIO
2 x SCI
2 x SPI
I2C
Up 12-ch., 12-bit
ADC
Up to 6-ch., 16-bit
Timer
2-ch., 16-bit
Timer
Full-Speed
USB 2.0 Device
ACMP
RTC
KBI
LVD
Indep. Clocked
COP
Flash
256 Byte
USB RAM
Up to 4 KB RAM
128 KB
Integrated Peripherals
64 KB
128 KB
64 KB
Flash
Options
ColdFire V1 Core
Debugging/Interfaces
Peripherals
Flash
RAM
(RNGA)
Low voltage detection and a computer
operating properly (COP) module
Two SCI
Two SPI
Two IC
Two 16-bit timers2/6 channels
Up to 16 KBI
ICE + BDM
MGC
RGPIO
ACMP
RTC
12-ch., 12-bit
Timer
6-ch., 16-bit
Timer
2-ch., 16-bit
Timer
2 x SCI
2 x SPI
2 x I2C
CMT
CAU
RNGA
KBI
CAN
Independant Clocked
COP
Up to 66 GPIOs
128 KB
64 KB
Flash
Options
Flash
16 KB SRAM
ColdFire V1 Core
Debugging/Interfaces
freescale.com/medical
Peripherals
Flash
RAM
41
Hearing Aids
9.1
Introduction
A hearing aid is a small electronic device worn in or behind the ear that
amplifies incoming sounds. A hearing aid can help people with hearing
loss hear better in both quiet and noisy situations. Low power, digital
and adaptative filtering are key design elements for battery-operated
hearing aids to reduce the environmental noise so that only the desired
signals are amplified and sent to the speaker.
42
Microphone Amplifier
Figure 9-1:
Hearing
AidHearing Aid General Block Diagram
Non-Volatile
Non-Volatile
Memory
Memory
Microphone
Microphone
Loudspeaker
SPI/I2C
AC Mains
Amplifier
AC Mains
Class D Amplifier
Class D Amplifier
Wireless
Comm
Wireless
Comm
Keypad
Amplifier
Loudspeaker
SPI/I2C
Power
Management
Li-ion Battery
Charger Circuit
DSP
Power
Management
Voltage
Regulation
Li-Ion Battery
Charger Circuit
DSP/DSC
Inertial
Keypad
Sensor
Voltage Peripherals
Optional
MCU
processor (DSP).
9.3
Analog
Regulation
Freescale Technology
Sensors
Inertial
Sensor
Optional
Pre-amplifier
High-Speed
Analog-to-Digitial
Converter
Amplifier
Microphone
batteries.
SPI/I2C
Interface
10-bit ADC
Battery Monitoring
MC13883
supported
Overvoltage protection for shielding
products from faulty (high-voltage) charging
sources
Trickle pre-charge of deeply discharged
USB OTG
Transceiver
and Car Kit
Interface
BB Processor
connector
batteries
Reverse path capability allows power to be
sourced to the VBUS pin from the battery
and can be used to support phone-powered
devices through the USB connector
Charge indicator LED driver
freescale.com/medical
43
generation
Communication and audio control follows
Amplifier
H-bridge
PWM signals
Speaker
9.4
Vin
Amplitude
Class D Amplifier
For applications in audio amplification
there are several available technologies.
technology for these applications, however,
the industry uses Class D amplifier
technology. Class D amplification offers many
Time
Vin
Amplitude
Vmod
Vmod
Time
Amplitude
Low Pass
fvin
Frequency
fmod
performance.
DSP5680x Architecture
The architecture of the DSP5680x device
captures the best of the DSP and MCU
Input
Audio
Channels
Audio
Codec
DSP56F80x
SPI
Digital
Input
GPIO
Buttons
GPIO
Display
PWM
Power
Stage
SPI
Low Pass
Filter
following features:
9.5
ADC inputs
Dual 12-bit ADC
Six-channel, 15-bit PWM
44
MC56F800xMC56F8006 and
MCF56F8002 Digital Signal
Controllers
Pre-Amplifier
Embedded
Analog-to-Digital
Converter
Amplifier
Embedded
Timers
(PWN function)
Pre-Amplifier
H-bridge
PWN
signals
Microphone
Speaker
3 Analog
Comparators
Power
SuperVisor
2 16-bit Timers
2 2x-16x
Wideband PGAs
16-bit Periodic
Interval Timer
Voltage
Regulators
High-Speed SCI
Programmable
Delay Block (PDB)
Interrupt
Controller
6 Output PWM
System Integration
Module (SIM)
2 12-bit
ADCs
6 KB
8 KB
SPI
PC
Flash
COP
2KB SRAM
Memory
Options
56800E Core/32MIPS
Ideal Applications
Motor control
Three-phase BLDC motor control
Peripherals
Flash
RAM
Application Notes
power supplies
Switched-mode power supply
MC56F800x/801x/802x/803x
(document AN3814)
9.6
Additional Freescale
Technologies
Table 9-1 describes additional Freescale
(document AN3815)
Power-sensitive applications
(document AN3843)
therapeutic devices
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MC3467x
Battery management
AN1902: Quad Flat Pack No-Lead (QFN) Micro Dual Flat Pack No-Lead (DFN)
freescale.com/medical
45
Home Portable
Diagnostic
and Medical
Therapy Devices
Introduction
Reliability and accuracy are key considerations for diagnostic and
resource for building fully integrated scalable medical solutions for the
home or a clinic.
46
Electrocardiograph and
Portable ECG
RA
Microphone
Precordial
Electrical
LA
Protection
and Mux
AC Mains
Inverted
Common
Mode Voltage
RL
Feedback
Li-ion Battery
Charger Circuit
In
Amp
Non-Volatile
Memory
ADC
MCU/MPU/DSC
Class D Amplifier
Amplifier
JTAG
Power
Management
DSP
Display Driver
Voltage
Regulation
Wireless
Comm
LL
Loudspeaker
SPI/I2C
Optional
Power
with
PeripheralsDisplay Analog
Management Touch Screen
Keypad
Wireless
Comm
Inertial
Sensor
USB and/or
Ethernet
Sensors
10.3
Freescale Technology
Optional
Portable
ECGPortable
Block Diagram
Figure 10-2:
ECG Block Diagram
QRS Complex
Power
Power
Management
Management
Display with
Display
Touch
Screen
Keypad
Keypad
Electrodes
Signal
Signal
Conditioning
Conditioning
ADC
ADC
MCU
MCU
To obtain the QRS complex, a digital highpass filter is implemented to remove noise
To PC
Wireless
USB
Comm
Non-Volatile
Memory
Non-Volatile
SPI/I2C
Memory
SPI/I2C
PWM
Speaker/Piezo
MCU
USB and/or
Optional
Ethernet
Speaker/Piezo
Peripherals
Analog
PWM
Sensors
R wave.
The beating heart generates an electric
signal that helps to diagnose or examine
the heart. This signal can be represented as
a vector quantity. Therefore, the location of
the electrical signal that is being detected
needs to be known. To get a typical signal it
is necessary to place three electrodes: one
Freescale Technology
Optional
Raw ECG
LPF
Integrate
S
HPF
Differentiate
Square
Y(n)
freescale.com/medical
47
10.4
Filtering ECG
Baseline wander
Muscle noise
Left
Arm
II
III
+
Left
Leg
10.5
Electrodes Interface
The amplitude of the signals detected by
the electrodes is too small. The signals are
Analog
Frond End
Right Hand
Left Hand
Electrodes
Multiplexer
and Isolator
Instrumentation
Amplifier
Band Pass
Filter
To MCU
ADC input
Right Leg
Left Leg
Filter Network
Left
Electrode
100K
Differential Amplifier
Feedback Network
Output
48
Right
Electrode
100K
BDM
PLL
CCM
GPIO
JTAG
USB OTG
EPORT
SSI
ASP
INTC
I2C
LCDC
RTC
DSPI
32-bit
4 DMA Timers
XBS
FlexCAN
2-ch.
4 PWM
2 PIT
3 UART
12-bit color
16-bit color
LCD
Controller
Real-time clock
16-ch. DMA controller
16-bit DDR /32-bit SDR SDRAM controller
Up to 55 general-purpose I/O
8 KB Cache
128 KB SRAM
ColdFire V2
Core
EMAC
Debugging/Interface
Peripherals
System
Integration
Flash
RAM
10.6
Red bus
Green bus
Blue bus
MPU
user interfaces.
Connecting screens to the MCF5227x is
Horizontal Sync
Vertical Sync
RGB Screen
with Touch Screen
Pixel Clock
Output Enable
I2C/ADC Channel
Touch Screen Controller
10.7
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
Sample
and Hold
ADC
DC/PWM
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
DC/PWM
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
Digital
Filters
SW/HW on ColdFire
49
ColdFire architecture.
Operand Y
Operand X
Shift 0,1,-1
+/-
eMAC Library
operation
Addition of three more accumulators to
minimize MAC pipeline stalls caused by
exchanges between the accumulator and
FFT
FIR
FFT 16 Bits
IIR
FIR 16 Bits
IIR 16 Bits
MAC
MAC
MAC
eMAC
eMAC
eMAC
FFT 32 Bits
FIR 32 Bits
IIR 32 Bits
MAC
MAC
MAC
eMAC
eMAC
eMAC
D-
D+
VBUS D- D+
MCU with
USB module
Pull-down resistors
VDD
USB power
Pull-up resistor
D-
D+
50
MCU with
USB module
VBUS D- D+
10.9
USB Connection
The USB connection allows the EGC to
Additional Freescale
Technologies
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MCF51QE,
MCF51JE,
MCF51MM
Flexis 32-bit
ColdFire V1
microcontroller
MCF5225X
One-stop-shop
connectivity
32-bit
microcontrollers
MCF5227X
V2
microcontroller
with touch
screen
MC34940
Proximity sensor
i.MX2x
Applications
processor
portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core, power management, LCD
controller, DDR1/mDDR/NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core, LCD controller, touch
screen, DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/NAND/NOR,
Ethernet MAC, USB PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera sensor, touch screen
i.MX283: 454 MHz core, power management, LCD
controller, touch screen, DDR2/mDDR/NAND,
Ethernet, USB PHY x2
freescale.com/medical
51
Defibrillators
11.1
AED. This shock momentarily stuns the heart and stops all activity,
52
ECG
Amplifier
ECG
Amplifier
Signal
Signal
Conditioning
Conditioning
Electrical Isolation
Electrical Isolation
11.2
USB
MCU/MPU
USB
MCU/MPU
Wireless
Comm
Wireless
Comm
Electrodes
Display
Power
Management
Keypad
MCU
Electrodes
Optional
Peripherals
Analog
Keypad
Display
Sensors
Power
Management
11.3
Freescale Technology
Optional
Charge
Control A
Monitor
Circuit
Charge
Circuit A
Capacitor
Bank A
Charge
Circuit B
Capacitor
Bank B
Charge
Control B
Monitor
Circuit
freescale.com/medical
53
Additional Freescale
Technologies
2500
2000
1500
Volts
1000
500
10
12
14
16
18
35
40
45
Time (ms)
2500
Volts
2000
1500
1000
500
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time (ms)
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MCF532x
ColdFire V3
microprocessor
i.MX2x
Applications
processor portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, DDR1/mDDR/
NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core,
LCD controller, touch screen,
DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/
NAND/NOR, Ethernet MAC,
USB PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera
sensor, touch screen
i.MX283: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, touch screen,
DDR2/mDDR/NAND,
Ethernet, USB PHY x2
i.MX51x
Multimedia
applications
processor family
54
Introduction
A ventilator is a machine designed to mechanically move air in and
This system requires a set of sensors for pressure, volume and flow.
lungs and chest wall through the sensors and decides how the
flow of gas in the lungs. The most common indices of the ventilation
apparatus are the absolute volume and changes of volume of the gas
space in the lungs achieved during a few breathing maneuvers. The
ventilator is constantly monitored and adjusted to maintain appropriate
arterial pH and PaO2.
freescale.com/medical
55
System Sensors
O2
AIR
PWR
PWR
O2
PWF
Sensor
Nebulizer
Pressure
PWF
Nebulizer
Sensor
Sensor
sensor.
Volume
Sensor
Flow
Pressure
Sensor
Sensor
Power
Management
Wireless
Display
Blender
Comm
MCU/MPU
AMP
Flow
Sensor
Freescale Technology
Power
Display
USB
Blender
Accumulator/
Compressor
AMP
Volume
Sensor
PWR
PWR
Accumulator/
Compressor
USB
Optional
Management
Alarm
Optional
MPX2300DT1 Analog
Peripherals
MPX2301DT1
MPXC2011DT1
MPXC2012DT
MPX5050
MPX2050
Sensors
12.3
Spirometer
Spirometers measure static pulmonary
volumes, except the functional residual
capacity (FRC) and total pulmonary capacity
(TPC). The measurement is done after a
maximum inspiration that requires the patient
to expel the entire volume of air that he or she
can. The results are interpreted and compared
with the values for age, height, sex and race
of the patient. Due to variations among normal
individuals, normal values can fall between 80
to 120 percent of the expected volume. Figure
capacities:
Total lung capacity (TLC)
(1500 ml)
Residual volume (RV)The volume of air
remaining in the lungs after a maximum
56
FFF
FEV1
FVC
2
Time (sec)
TLC
IRV
IC
VC
ERV
FRC
12.5
Alarm System
An important part of this application is an
alarm that can indicate different patient
RV
0
Time
freescale.com/medical
57
MCU
Graphic
MPU
i.MX
i.MX51x
WXGA
RESOLUTION
MCF5227x
SVGA
MCF5227x
MCF5227x
i.MX35x
MCF5227x
i.MX28x
WVGA
ColdFire
VGA
WQVGA
ColdFire
ColdFire
QVGA
ColdFire
ColdFire
112 pin
144 pin
i.MX233
i.MX25x
ColdFire
Future Product
196 pin
Available Now
169 pin
176 pin
196 pin
256 pin
289 pin
400 pin
500+ pin
Three Analog
Comparators
Two 12-bit
ADCs
Two 16-bit
Timers
Two 2x-16x
Wideband PGAs
COP
One 16-bit
Periodic Interval
Timer
RTC
2 KB
SRAM
Flash/RAM
Power
Supervisor
Programmable
Delay Block
(PDB)
12 KB
Flash
SPI
Voltage
Regulators
6-Output PWM
High-Speed
SCI
Interrupt
Controller
I2C
System Integration
Module (SIM)
56800 Core/32MIPS
JTAG/EOnCE
58
AIR
O2
PWR
PWR
Accumulator/
Compressor
Blender
MCU/MPU
512 KB
Flash
10/100
FEC
64 KB
SRAM
BDM
DMA
PLL
32 kHz
GPI/O
Osc
JTAG
4-ch.,
32-bit
Timer
I2C
UART
256 KB
Flash
CAN
4-ch.,
16-bit
Timer
QSPI
UART
64 KB
SRAM
2-ch.
PIT
RTC
8-ch.,
12-bit
ADC
UART
Key features
256 KB
Flash
8-ch.
PWM
4-ch.
DMA
2X
INTC
CAU/
RNG
System
Integration
Mini
Bus
EMAC
32 KB
SRAM
Memory Options
ColdFire V2
Core
to +125C
Patented silicon shear stress strain gauge
Device Type
Packing Options
Case
MPX2050D
Differential
344
MPC2050DP
423 A
MPX2050GP
Gauge
344B
MPX2050GSX
344F
options
0.25% linearity
freescale.com/medical
59
Additional Freescale
Technologies
This table describes additional Freescale
freescale.com.
Table 12-2. Additional Freescale Technologies for Ventilation and Spirometry Applications
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MCF51QE,
MCF51JE,
MCF51MM
MCF5221X
32-bit ColdFire V2
microcontroller
USB On-The-Go
S08JM, S08JE,
S08JS, S08MM
8-bit USB
microcontroller
i.MX2x
Applications
processor portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core, power
management, LCD controller, DDR1/
mDDR/NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core, LCD controller,
touch screen, DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/
NAND/NOR, Ethernet MAC,
USB PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera sensor,
touch screen
i.MX283: 454 MHz core, power
management, LCD controller, touch
screen, DDR2/mDDR/NAND, Ethernet,
USB PHY x2
MPX2300DT1
Compensated
pressure sensor
medical grade
Patented piezoresistive
strain gauge implant, temperature
compensation and calibration all
integrated on a single, monolithic
sensor die
MPXx5050
Pressure sensor
MPXx2050
50 kPa pressure
sensor
60
Introduction
An anesthesia unit monitor is a machine that administers anesthesia to
patients by one of two ways: intravenous or inhaled gas anesthesia.
It exchanges respiratory gases and administers anesthetic gases.
It maintains a balance of gases through the respiratory and
cardiovascular system.
freescale.com/medical
61
Brief Theory
As mentioned in Chapter 12, Ventilation
and Spirometry, the hospital pipeline is the
primary gas source at 50 PSI. This is the
normal working pressure of gas machines.
Oxygen is supplied at approximately 2000
PSI. Anesthesia flow is composed of different
sections. The first is the gas supply and
substance-delivery (Halotane, O2, and N2O)
system. In this part the O2 and the N2O
Figure 13-1:Unit
Anesthesia
Anesthesia
Monitor Unit Monitor
Valve
Valves
Controls
Controls
Signal
Signal
Conditioning
Conditioning
Halotane
Halotane
Pressure
Sensor
Pressure
Sensor
Infrared
Infrared
Sensor
Sensor
Spectometer
Spectometer
Sensor
Sensor
O2
O2
N2O
N2O
Alarm
Alarm
SPI/I2C
USB
USB
SPI/I2C
SPI/I2C
MCU/MPU
MCU/MPU
Wireless
Wireless
Comm
Comm
SPI/I2C
Power
Power
Management
Management
Display
Display
13.3
Freescale Technology
MCU
Optional
Optional
Peripherals
Keyboard
Keyboard
Analog
Sensors
Pressure Sensor
This sensor helps the principal MCU take the
pressure of the O2 and N2O. This measurement
and the concentration of the substance are the
variables that control the valves.
To see the configuration of the pressure
sensor and the Freescale portfolio, see
Chapter 12, Ventilation and Spirometry.
13.4
Valve Control
Using a sensor, the MCU takes the
concentration of the substances in the blood.
With these parameters, the MCU knows how
much drug/air/oxygen needs to be delivered
to the patient and the required power to apply
to the valves.
Valves Controls
Infrared
Sensor
MCU/MPU
Spectometer
Sensor
MC9S08QG4
13.5
Principal MCU
Halotane
O2
N2O
62
BDM
PLL
GPIO
JTAG
4-ch., 32-bit
Timer
I2C
16-ch. DMA
UART
10/100
DMA
FEC
QSPI
UART
UART
8 KB I/D Cache
16K SRAM
System
Bus
Controller
ColdFire V2
Core
Integrated Peripherals
DDR/SDR
SDRAM
Controller
and Chip
Selects
memory controller
Peripherals
RAM
MCF532X: ColdFire V3
Microprocessor with LCD Driver,
Ethernet, USB and CAN
Key features of this processor include:
ColdFire V3 core delivering up to 211
(Dhrystone 2.1) MIPS at 240 MHz
BDM
PLL
GPIO
JTAG
SVGA LCD
Controller
4-ch., 32-bit
Timer
USB h/d/OTG
UART
Crypto
16-ch. DMA
4-ch. PWM
USB Host
UART
CAN
SSI
I2C
QSPI
UART
10/100
FEC
DMA
32 KB RAM
16 KB I/D-cache
Enhanced MAC module, manages DSP-like
instructions
Integrated Peripherals
USB Host/USB OTG
Optional Additional
Modules
eMAC
16 KB Unified Cache
ColdFire V3
Core
System Bus
Controller
32 KB SRAM
Debugging Interface
Peripherals
Flash/ROM
RAM
freescale.com/medical
63
Vital Signs
14.1
Introduction
A vital sign monitor is a multi-parameter device that measures blood
pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation and heart electrical activity to
give a clear view of patient information.
This application constantly monitors the measurements from the ECG,
pulse oximetry, blood pressure and temperature of the patient. For this
application, Freescale offers medical solutions that use our product
expertise in microcontrollers, sensors, analog and wireless technology
for home portable medical devices, diagnostic and therapy devices
and medical imaging devices. Freescale is dedicated to helping
patients live a better life by driving innovation and enabling medical
device manufacturers to leverage the latest available technology.
64
Measuring Temperature
The Freescale S08QG family includes
a temperature sensor whose output is
connected to one of the ADC analog channel
inputs. The approximate transfer function of
the temperature sensor can be expressed by
this equation:
Figure
14-1:
Vital Signs Monitoring General Block Diagram
Vital
Signs
Monitor
Temp
Temp
Sensor
Sensor
12 Leads
12 Leads
Amp
Amp
Signal
Conditioning
Signal
Conditioning
Red and
Switching
Module
Signal
Conditioning
Finger
Clamp
Infrared LEDs
Finger
Clamp
Red and
Motor
Pressure
Control
Sensor
Pump
Motor
Pressure
Sensor
Pump
Arm
Motor
Valve
Signal
Conditioning
Receptor Diode
Arm
Valve
USB
Sensor
Amp
PWM
USB
Wireless
Comm
Sensor
Amp
2
SPI/I C
Keypad
PWM
Motor
Control
Freescale Technology
MCU/MPU
MCU/MPU
Infrared LEDs
Receptor
Diode
ADC
Electrical
Protection
and Mux
Electrical
Switching Module
ADC
Power
Comm
Management
Display with
Touch Screen
Power
Management
SPI/I2C
Optional
justified format
Wireless
Display with
Touch Screen
Keypad
MCU
Optional
Peripherals
Analog
Sensors
AD26
ADC Channel
I2C
Principal
MCU/MPU
sources
Operation in Wait or Stop3 modes for low
noise operation
For more information about how to send
the ADC values to the main MCU, see the
application note titled Analog-to-Digital
Converter on an IIC Bus Using
available at freescale.com.
I2C
Principal
MCU/MPU
14.3
ECG Monitoring
For more information about designing
ECG, pulse oximetry and blood pressure
applications, see the relevant chapters.
14.4
14.5
Blood Pressure
Monitoring
A blood pressure monitor is a device that
65
Analog
Frond End
Right Hand
Left Hand
Electrodes
Multiplexer
and Isolator
Instrumentation
Amplifier
Band Pass
Filter
To MCU
ADC input
Break
High impedance
Direct interface to the MCU
Low ON-resistance, RDS(ON) = 1.0
(typical)
PWM control frequency 200 kHz (max)
Right Leg
Left Leg
Features
S08QG
Core
HCS08
Flash (byte)
8K/4K
RAM (byte)
512/256
Bus frequency
10 MHz
ADC
Analog comparator
Yes
Keyboard interrupt
Up to 8 pins
1- to 16-bit timer (2
channels), one 16-bit timer
SCI
SPI
IIC
Operational voltage
1.8V to 3.6V
Switching Module
Finger
Clamp
Red and
Infrared LEDs
Signal
Conditioning
To Principal
MCU/MPU
Receptor Diode
14.7
Additional Freescale
Technologies
This table describes additional Freescale
devices that can be used for vital sign
monitoring applications. To read the
Pressure
Sensor
Sensor
Amp
To Principal
MCU/MPU
Pump
Motor
Motor
Control
PWM
66
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MCF51QE,
MCF51JE,
MCF51MM
Flexis 32-bit
ColdFire V1
microcontroller
MCF520X
Integrated
ColdFire V2
core
External memory
Ethernet
S08JM,
S08JE,
S08JS,
S08MM
8-bit USB
microcontroller
S08QG
Microcontroller
family
i.MX2x
Applications
processor
portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core, power management, LCD
controller, DDR1/mDDR/NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core, LCD controller, touch
screen, DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/NAND/NOR,
Ethernet MAC, USB PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera sensor, touch screen
i.MX283: 454 MHz core, power management, LCD
controller, touch screen, DDR2/mDDR/NAND,
Ethernet, USB PHY x2
i.MX51x
Multimedia
applications
processor
family
MPC17C724
freescale.com/medical
67
DiagnosticHospitals
Intelligent
and Therapy Devices
Intelligent Hospitals
15.1
Introduction
The connected hospital is the wave of the future. With the increasing
acceptance of technology in the medical market, administrators are
open to infusing that technology into hospitals to help increase the
quality of service.
Automated hospital admittance kiosks, tracking devices/bracelets
and automatic inventory control are just some of the applications
the medical team is working on at Freescale. By leveraging our
strengths in ColdFire and ARM (i.MX) embedded processing, wireless
communications and PowerQUICC network processing, Freescale
strives to put the intelligence in hospitals.
68
Intelligent Hospitals
15.2
Hospital Admission
Machine
Hospital
MachineAdmission
FigureAdmission
15-1: Hospital
Height
Ultrasonic
Sensor
Electronic Wireless
To Continua
Patients Chart
ZigBee Board
Health Alliance i.MX 35/51
MC13213
Blood
Pressure
Host inPulse
PCOximetry/
USB
Monitoring
USB
Heart Rate/
Glucometer
TWR-MM
or
LEDs
Electrodes
MCF51JM
ADC
ADC
Pulse Oximeter
MPC17C724
12C
Freescale Technology
Spyrometer Optional
disorders, etc.
Backlight Wireless
Comm
Inverter
Keypad
Matrix
MCU/MPU
Power
Management
BDM
Buzzer
Touch
Screen
Display
32 Graphic
MB
Level
NonDisplay
DDR
Shift
Volatile
TouchXcvr
Sensing
SDRAM
Memory
ADC
MPXV7025
Power
Switch
Secondary
MCU
ADC
Display
Bluetooth
USB Board
4x5
ITO Glass
ADC
Blood Pressure
MPX3V5050
Ethernet
PHY(100 Mbps)
SCI
RS-232
Xcvr
Height, Weight,
Digital Weight
Thermometer
ECG
MC56F8006
Glucometer
instructions. This is why we also offer the
Communication Board
High-End Mode
theMode
kiosk
Middle-End
type, alcohol
and tobacco use, drug abuse,
Display
Wireless Communication Boards
allergies, etc.)
following measurements:
pressure
Weight scale
Temperature
Heart rate
Thermometer
EKG DI
freescale.com/medical
Pulse oximeter
69
Intelligent Hospitals
15.3
Height
Ultrasonic
Sensor
Receptor
D=1/2Vt
15.4
Patient Interface
The patient has an interface to communicate
with the admission machine. This interface is
composed of a touch screen display, LEDs
and a buzzer to warn if a decision must be
made or if a process is finished. This module
is developed with a secondary microcontroller,
which could be the Freescale S08QE.
15.5
Communication Interfaces
USB Power Switch
When the patient arrives at the hospital,
special devices take the principal vital signs of
Optional instrument
amplifier
SCI
ADC
MAX232
70
Intelligent Hospitals
Therefore it is necessary to add a 500 mA
fuse to regulate the current. The USB module
o.1 uF
330
120
1k
MCU
MCU
Power
Source
MC33730
freescale.com/medical
71
Intelligent Hospitals
field. The stop bit is used to bring the signal
rests at logic high following the end of the
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
15.6
ADC
SCI
Backlight Inverter
A backlight is a form of illumination used
Rx
MPU/
SCI
Tx
Rx
Tx
16
15
14
13
MAX 232
72
16
15
14
MAX 232
13
12
11
11
10
10
+
+
12
+
+
Intelligent Hospitals
15.7
Multimedia Applications
with i.MX515
5.0V_I/O
VIN
PVIN2
PVIN3
3.3V_I/O
VOUT 1
VOUT 5
PVIN4
VOUT 3
VDDQ
VOUT 2
VDDn
NVCCx
USBPHYx
VOUT 4
NVCC_EMIx
PVIN5
PLL_VDD
I 2C
AGND
I2C
RST
POR
AGND
up to 800 MHz.
CPU Complex
VOUT_LDO
DDR_VDD
1.5V LDO
DDR2 MEM
MCU
MCF5227x
SVGA
RESOLUTION
resolution
i.MX51x
WXGA
MPU
i.MX
Multimedia
video encoder hardware engine
Graphic
MCF5227x
MCF5227x
i.MX35x
MCF5227x
i.MX28x
WVGA
ColdFire
VGA
WQVGA
ColdFire
ColdFire
QVGA
ColdFire
ColdFire
112 pin
144 pin
i.MX233
i.MX25x
ColdFire
Future Product
rotation hardware
196 pin
Available Now
15.8
Additional Freescale
Technologies
169 pin
176 pin
256 pin
289 pin
400 pin
500+ pin
beginning on page 6.
freescale.com/medical
196 pin
73
Intelligent Hospitals
Table 12-1: Additional Freescale Technologies for Hospital Admission Machine Applications
Device
Description
Key Features
Application Notes
MCF51QE,
MCF51JE,
MCF51MM
MPXx5004
Pressure sensor
S08JM, S08JE,
S08JS, S08MM
8-bit USB
microcontroller
i.MX2x
Applications
processor portfolio
ARM926EJ-STM core
i.MX233: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, DDR1/mDDR/
NAND, USB PHY x1
i.MX253: 400 MHz core,
LCD controller, touch screen,
DDR2/SDRAM/mDDR/NAND/
NOR, Ethernet MAC, USB
PHY x2
i.MX257: Adds CAN, camera
sensor, touch screen
i.MX283: 454 MHz core,
power management, LCD
controller, touch screen,
DDR2/mDDR/NAND, Ethernet,
USB PHY x2
i.MX51x
Multimedia
applications processor
family
MPXC2011DT1
Compensated
pressure sensor,
medical grade
MPXx12
Pressure sensor
10 kPa
MPXx5010
Pressure sensor
0 to 10 kPa
Temperature compensated
and calibrated
MPXx2010
Pressure sensor
10 kPa
MPXV5100
Integrated pressure
sensor
74
Intelligent Hospitals
Introduction
A simple hospital bed has evolved into a highly networked appliance
that integrates sophisticated processors to monitor patient status
and control the beds power-assisted functions. This improves patient
comfort and makes it easier for healthcare professionals to maneuver
the beds.
freescale.com/medical
75
Intelligent Hospitals
16.2
Figure 16-1:
Powered
Powered
Patient
Bed Patient Bed General Block Diagram
SPI
SPI
Power
Power
Management
Management
USB
USB
Infusion
Infusion
Pump
Pump
Motor
Motor
Driver
Driver
Patient
Patient
Monitor
Monitor
Infusion UART
Infusion
Pump UART
Pump
Control
Control
MII
MII
IEEE
IEEE 802.11x
802.11x Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
10/100
10/100Ethernet
EthernetPHY
PHY
CAN
CAN
XSCVR
XSCVR
32-bit
UART
Patient UART Microcontroller
MCU/MPU
or
Processor
Patient
Monitor
Monitor
Control UART
Control UART
LCD
Controller
LCD
Controller
Proximity
Touch
Sensor
Screen
Display
LCD
Display
LCD
Display
Freescale Technology
CAN Bus
CAN
XSCVR
CAN
XSCVR
CAN
XSCVR
CAN
XSCVR
CAN
XSCVR
CAN
XSCVR
Bed Tilt
Control
Bed Tilt
Control
Wheel Motor
Control
Wheel Motor
Control
Pump
Control
Pump
Control
Accelerometer
Accelerometer
Motor
Driver
Motor
Driver
Bed Tilt
Motors
Bed Tilt
Motors
Freescale Technology
VoIP
VoIP
Gateway
to to
Gateway
Phone
Wired
Public
Phone
Wired Public
Network
Network
Network
Network
CAN Bus
Nursing
Nursing
Station
Station
WirelessComm
Comm
Wireless
Pressure
Motor
Motor
Sensor
Driver
Driver
Motor
Pressure
Motor
Driver
Sensor
Driver
Wheel
Motors
Wheel
Motors
Pump
Motors
Pump
Motors
Optional
5.0V
V+
MC33887
CCP
V+
IN
FS
OUT
OUT
MCU OUT
OUT
OUT
EN
IN1
IN2
D1
D2
A/D
FB
OUT1
Motor
OUT2
PGND
AGND
76
Intelligent Hospitals
16.3
Integrated Real-Time
Patient Monitoring
and outputs.
16.4
angle.
16.5
16.6
Additional Freescale
Technology
Table 16-1 describes additional Freescale
devices that can be used for powered patient
bed applications. To read the application
notes, or for more information about any of
freescale.com/medical
77
Intelligent Hospitals
Table 16-1. Additional Freescale Technologies for Powered Patient Beds
Device
Description
Key features
Application Notes
MC1319x
MC1320x
MC1321x
MC33742
MC34701
MC34717
Switching regulator
MC33880
MC33886
MC33887
MCF532x
ColdFire V3 microprocessor
MC33897
MC33899
Programmable H-bridge
power IC
S08AC
Flexis AC family
MMA6280QT
MPXx5010
Pressure sensor
78
Medical Imaging
Medical Imaging
17.1
Introduction
The complexities of medical imaging require extraordinary processing
freescale.com/medical
79
Medical Imaging
17.2
Ultrasound
Transducer
Transducer
HV Pulse
Tx/Rx
Switches
LNA
Pulse
AAF
Generator
VGA
Power
Management
Spectral
Doppler
Processing
(D Mode)
User Interface
PWM
Display
B-Mode
Processing
Scan
Conversion
Keypad
USB
RF
Demodulation
MCU/MPU
ADC
RX Beamformer
CW (Analog) Power
ADC
Beamformer
Management
TX Beamformer
ADC
Signal
DAC
Conditioning
Signal Conditioning
DAC
Generator
Keypad
MCU
Optional
Freescale Technology
Display
Memory
Peripherals
Beamforming
Control
DSP/DSC
Color
Doppler
(PW)
Processing
(F Mode)
Wireless
Comm
Audio
Optional
pregnancy.
17.3
TX
RX
TX
Patient
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
(Z - Z )
R= 2 1
(Z2+Z1)
17.4
Transducer
The transducer is the element that converts
17-3.
80
Medical Imaging
Multiplexer
for TX/RX
Transducers
Instrumentation
Amplifier
Variable Gain
Amplifier
High-Speed
High-Resolution
ADC
RX
Beamformer
TX
Beamformer
Beamformer
Control
System
To DSP Blocks
17.5
High-Voltage
TX Amplifier
High-Speed
DAC
17.6
Instrumentation Amplifier
and Variable Gain
Amplifier
Amplitude
Gain
Amplitude
Fixed
Gain
Time
Time
17.7
Beamformer
A beamformer is a device that directs waves
in a specific direction by means of algorithms
that control the transducer array to form
a wave front that generates constructive
interference. This is used to generate the
sweep required to build the image to be
shown. Figure 17-7 is a diagram of the
direction of propagation of waves controlled
by a beamformer.
freescale.com/medical
81
Medical Imaging
17.8
Microprocessors
MPC5121e
In
Variable Gain
Amplifier
Out
Extracted
Output Signal
Key Features
MobileGT Products
The MPC5121e and MPC5123 are the latest
X
Y
82
Medical Imaging
Figure X-Ray
17-8: Digital X-Ray General Block Diagram
Digital
Power
Power
Management
Management
X-Ray
X-Ray
Emissor
Emissor
Photo
Transimp
Photo
Detector
Grid Transimp
Amp
Detector Grid
Amp
ADC
ADC
DSP/DSC
DSP/DSC
Capacitive
Capacitive
Sensing
Sensing
and
and
Touch Screen
Touch Screen
Display
Display
SPI/SCI
SPI/SCI
USB
USB
MCU/MPU
MCU/MPU
MUX
MUX
Freescale MCU
TechnologyOptionalOptionalPeripherals
Analog
Sensors
Photo
Detector Grid
Transimp
Amp
ADC
MUX
MSC8152
MSC8154
MSC8156
MSC8251
MSC8252
MSC8254
MSC8256
freescale.com/medical
83
Medical Imaging
17.9
Digital X-Ray
Digital X-ray is a form of X-ray imaging where
digital sensors are used instead of traditional
photographic film.
Data Rates
Comments
17.10
Device
8156
8154
8152
8151
8256
8254
8252
1 GHz
1 GHz
1 GHz
1 GHz
1 GHz
800 MHz
1 GHz
800 MHz
1 GHz
1 GHz
Up to
48000
Up to
32000
Up to
16000
Up to
8000
Up to
48000
Up to
32000
Up to
16000
Up to
8000
Shared M3 Memory
1 MB
1 MB
radiography.
32 KB
32 KB
17.11
32 KB
32 KB
512 KB
512 KB
2 (800 MHz)
2 (800 MHz)
PCIe
DDR2/3
sRIO
TDM
SPI
UART
I2C
17.12
FFT/DFT Accelerators
Proc. Tech.
45 nm SOI
45 nm SOI
Package
783 Ball
FC-PBGA
783 Ball
FC-PBGA
8251
Symphony DSP56xxx
DSP563xx
DSP5685x
DSP56F80x/2x
MC56F81xx/83xx
MC56F80xx
16-bit 56800/E digital signal controllers
84
Medical Imaging
17.13
Ultrasound
Figure 17-13: MC56F800x: MC56F8006 and MCF56F8002 Digital Signal Controllers
HV Pulse
Generator
Transducer
2 2x-16x
Wideband PGAs
Signal Conditioning
Tx/Rx
Switches
LNA
6 KB
8 KB
VGA
High-Speed SCI
AAF
TX Beamformer
2 16-bit Timers Beamforming
Control
RX Beamformer
16-bit
Periodic
Voltage
DAC
Interval Timer
Regulators
Power
SuperVisor
RF
Interrupt
Demodulation
Controller
Programmable
Delay Block (PDB)
ADC
DSP/DSC
System Integration
System Clock Control
Color
6 Output PWM
Module
(SIM)
(COSC, ROSC, PLL)
Spectral
B-Mode
Doppler
Doppler
CW (Analog)
Processing
(PW)
ADC
2 12-bit
Processing
Beamformer
Processing
SPI
PC
COP
ADCs
(D Mode)
(F Mode)
Scan
Power
Conversion
User Interface
Management
Flash
2 KB SRAM
Memory
Options
USB
56800E Core/32MIPS
system.
Keypad
DAC
3 Analog
Comparators
Freescale Technology
Peripherals
Optional
Display
Flash
Memory
RAM
Wireless
Comm
Audio
Output
freescale.com/medical
85
Summary
Summary
Applications
Freescale Productus
Freescale Differentiators
Product Differentiators
Highest quality standards
Product life: 15-year longevity
Breadth and scalability of portfolio
Low-power solutions
i.MX series, Flexis, ColdFire: High level of integration
- Connectivity (USB and Ethernet)
- LCD control (graphic and segment)
- Internal memory
- High precision analog
ColdFire: embedded high-performance digital signal processor
(DSP) functionality with integrated MAC
i.MX series: video and graphics acceleration
Strong RF portfolio
- Highest gain
- Exceptional efficiency
- Higher power density
Solution Differentiators
Touch U/I suited for sterile clinical equipment
Cost-effective, amplified, small form factor sensors with high
sensitivity
USB for Medical
Continua ready, IEEE compliant PHDC USB software stack
available
Product Differentiators
Highest quality standards
Product life: 15 year longevity
MC9S08QE, MC9S08LL: low power consumption to enable
longer battery life
- 370 nA, 1.8V, 6 usec wake up in lowest power mode
MC9S08LL: superior LCD controller IP
Connectivity: USB, ZigBee
Pressure sensors: packaged specifically for medical applications
High-end microprocessors with graphics acceleration
Solution Differentiators
Solutions that enable a lower system cost
Touch U/I suited for sterile hand-held monitors
Cost-effective, amplified, small form factor sensors with high
sensitivity
USB for medical: Continua ready, IEEE compliant PHDC USB
software stack available
ColdFire MPUs
MCF5227: 32-bit, USB, graphical LCD controller
MCF532x: 32-bit, USB, graphical LCD controller, Ethernet
MCF5445x: 32-bit USB, 2x Ethernet, PCI
High performance: MPC837x, MPC831x, MPC85xx, P2020
High-end image processing: MPC512x, MPC8610, MSC8122, MSC8144, MPC8536,
MPC8315, MSC8144, MAC8154, MSC8156, P1022
i.MX series (ARM core)
i.MX357: 32-bit, LCD, USB, Ethernet, video and camera
i.MX515: 32-bit, video, graphics, Ethernet, LCD with touch screen, USB
Wireless: MC132xx ZigBee technology
Accelerometers: MMA736xL (vibration sensing)
Touch sensors: MPR03x, MPR121QR2
Power management: MPC18730, MC13883, MC13892, MC34704, MC34712,
MC34713, MC34716, MC34717
LED backlight: MC34844, MC34845
General purpose amplifiers
High-power RF amplifiers: MRF6VP11KH, MRF6VP2600H, MRF6V4300N
Product Differentiators
Highest quality standards
Product life: 15-year longevity
Breadth and scalability of portfolio
Low-power solutions
i.MX series, Flexis, ColdFire: high level of integration
- Connectivity (USB and Ethernet)
- LCD control
- Internal memory
- High precision analog
ColdFire: embedded high-performance DSP functionality with
integrated MAC
i.MX series: video and graphics acceleration
Strong RF portfolio
- Highest gain
- Exceptional efficiency
- Higher power density
High-performance processors: PCI Express support and Serial
ATA (SATA) for storing images
Solution Differentiators
Touch U/I suited for sterile clinical equipment
Cost-effective, amplified, small form factor sensors with high
sensitivity
AltiVec engine for image processing
Home Portable
Blood Pressure Monitor
(BPM)
Diabetes Care (blood
glucose monitor and
insulin pumps)
Digital Scale
Digital Thermometer
Fetal Heart Rate Monitor
Heart Rate Monitor (HRM)
Pulse Oximetry
Telehealth/Telemonitoring
Imaging
Bone Densitometer
Computed Tomography (CT)
Fluoroscopy, Angiography
Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI)
Positron Emission
Tomographer (PET)
Ultrasound
X-Ray And Related
Applications
86
Appendix
Appendix
Figure A-1: Signal Responses
30
3000
Signal Amplitude
20
2500
2000
1500
10
0
-10
1000
Time
500
0
0
Signal Spectrum
40
3500
Input Signal
4000
Log(Meg)
1000
2000
3000
4000
Sample Number
2500
5000
-20
-30
6000
500
1000
Sample Number
1500
2000
Low Pass Filtered Signal
1500
Signal Amplitude
1000
500
0
-500
Time
-1000
-1500
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Sample Number
Analog
Low Pass
Filter
Sample
and Hold
ADC
DC/PWM
Analog
Low Pass
Filter
DC/PWM
Analog
Low Pass
Filter
Digital
Filters
freescale.com/medical
87
Appendix
Volts
Volts
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
y(n)
N-1
a(i)x(n-i)
i=0
1.6060e+000
2.4394e+000
2.2457e+000
1.4378e+000
7.7448e-001
7.9937e-001
1.4447e+000
2.0849e+000
2.0000e+000
9.1704e-001
-7.6317e-001
-2.2173e+000
Sample
and Hold
ADC
Time
Time
Sample Rate
y(n)
N-1
=
a(i)x(n-i) +
i=0
1.6060e+000
2.4394e+000
2.2457e+000
1.4378e+000
7.7448e-001
7.9937e-001
1.4447e+000
2.0849e+000
2.0000e+000
9.1704e-001
-7.6317e-001
-2.2173e+000
b(j)y(n-j), M>N
j=1
Signal Reconstruction
To reconstruct the signal to the original, we
use the digital signal reconstructed by the
DAC and then use passive filters to shape it in
1.6060e+000
2.4394e+000
2.2457e+000
1.4378e+000
7.7448e-001
7.9937e-001
1.4447e+000
2.0849e+000
2.0000e+000
9.1704e-001
-7.6317e-001
-2.2173e+000
Sample
and Hold
ADC
Low Pass
Digital Filters
1.6060e+000
2.4394e+000
2.2457e+000
1.4378e+000
7.7448e-001
7.9937e-001
1.4447e+000
2.0849e+000
2.0000e+000
9.1704e-001
-7.6317e-001
-2.2173e+000
High Pass
Sample Rate
y(n)+0.0732x(n)=0.1464x(n-1)+0.0732x(n-2)
+1.099y(n-1)-0.3984y(n-2)
DAC
Sample Rate
88
Volts
Volts
Time
DAC
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
Time
Reconstruction Filters
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
Volts
Sample Rate
Time
Volts
Time
Appendix
Freescale Technologies
Filter 2
Accelerometer
Lab View
Filter 1
ADC
USB
Timers
Mechanical
Oscillator
Debug
Laptop Host
ColdFire V2 MCU
R4
R3
freescale.com/files/dsp/doc/ref_manual/CFDSPTechnology_DSP.pdf.
Vid=
(Vi1-Vi2 )
2R1
Vid/2R1
Vid(1+2R2 /2R1)
R2
Instrumentation Amplifier
In medical instrumentation it is common
R3
A=Vo/Vid
R4
Vi2
A1 = 1+
R2
R1
R +R
A1 = 1 2
R1
R2 = (A1 R1)-R1
A2 =
R4
R3
A1 = A1 A2
R4 = A2R3
freescale.com/medical
Values to obtain a signal around 1V: low gain: 10, High gain: 100, Total gain: 1000
89
Appendix
Filter Design
Type
Band-pass
passive
0.1 Hz150 Hz
Heart operating range
Reject-band
passive
40 Hz60 Hz
Noise signal
from the line
Band-pass active
Low-pass active
150 Hz
Heart operating range (if
the passive filter is not
enough, use an active
filter)
High-pass filter
active
Circuit
Cut frequency
Equation
Medical Perspective
The following chart outlines some medical
applications based on medical professionals
specialties.
90
freescale.com/medical
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Document Number: MDAPPUSGDRM118 REV 1
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