Question 1b (i)

du

Re =

Flow rate of water, Q= u x cross sectional area of the pipe= Q x D2/4

Cross sectional area of the pipe=

x [(0.055m)2 x ] = 0.002376 m2

Q= 0.25 L/S
We know that 1 m3 = 1000 L
3

Q, m /s = 0.25 L/s x

1 m3 /s
1000 L

= 2.50 x 10-4 m3/s

Hence,
Velocity, u= (cross sectional area of the pipe)/ Q

U= 0.002376 m2/ 2.50 x 10-4 m3/s = 9.50 m/s

Therefore
Re = (1000 kg/m3 x 0.055m x 9.50 m/s)/ 6.5 x 10-4 kg/ms = 803, 846.15= 8.04 x 105

Re > 4000 hence turbulent flow

Question 1b (ii)
Head losses: hL = hm + hf
hm = Total Minor Losses = K (v2/2g)
K = (Le/D) fT
Where :
Le/D = Equivalent in pipe diameter
fT= frictional factor from moody diagram
Relative roughness= /D
= 3.29 x 10-4 m/ 0.055m = 0.00598
We know that Re = 8.04 x 105
Hence from Moody Chart
fT = 0.032
For Minor Losses due to 90o elbow, K elbow = 32fT = 32 (0.032) = 1.024
For Minor Losses due to Globe valve (wide open) K Globe valve = 300fT = 300 (0.032) = 9.6
Hence, Total minor loses = 3 hm elbow + hm Globe valve = 3 K elbow (v2/2g) + K Globe valve (v2/2g)
2

3 hm elbow =K

( 9.50 )
v2
=( 1.024 )
m=4.71m x 3=14.13m
2g
( 2 ) ( 9.81 )

hm Globe valve =K

( 9.50 )2
v2
= ( 9.6 )
m=44.15 m
2g
( 2 ) ( 9.81 )

Hence, Total minor loses, hm = 14.13 m + 44.15 m = 58.29 m

Total frictional loses, hf =

f x L xv
2 gD

= 0.032 x 165 m x (9.50)2 / 2 x 9.81 x 0.055m = 441.59

m
Total Head loss = 44.15 + 441.59= 485.74 m