DNA codes for PROTEINS

To get from DNA to protein we follow

the central dogma central idea or
pathway

DNA RNA Protein

3 Types of RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries
DNAs message outside of the
nucleus
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- the stuff
ribosomes are made of
transfer RNA (tRNA)- carries the right
amino acids to the ribosomes to
make proteins
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Why the central dogma?

DNA is SUPER IMPORTANT- we must
protect it! DNA will never leave the
nucleus in a eukaryotic cell.
RNA will be like a copy of the original
blueprint to carry the message to the
worksite

DNA RNA =
Transcription
Transcriptionchanging DNA code
into mRNA code
(messenger RNA)
Location- Nucleus
mRNA will bring the
message to the
ribosomes in the
cytoplasm

Transcription
Similar to DNA replication- must unzip
parts of the DNA to copy a gene into
mRNA
Enzyme- RNA
Polymerase will
add RNA nucleotides
to match the DNA
nucleotides
A U
C G

Can you make a list of steps

for Transcription?

Practice: Transcribe the DNA

Code
ATCGCCTAACGA
CGTTAATCCCTG
GTAAATTGGCAA

RNA Protein =
Translation

Translation- changing RNA code into

chains of amino acids (monomers of
proteins).
Location- ribosomes/ cytoplasm

tRNA
Translation
needs the help
of tRNA to bring
the correct
amino acid to
the ribosome
looks like a
clover (or kind
of like a t!)

How does the tRNA know what amino

acid to bring to the ribosome?

RNA is read using codons.

tRNA has anticodons at the bottom to

match the mRNA codons for each
amino acid.
The anticodons
are
complementary
to the codons on
the mRNA
Codon = GAG
Anticodon= CUC

tRNA
The anticodon at
the base of the
tRNA is
complementary
to the mRNA
codon.
At the top of the
tRNA is the
corresponding
amino acid

rRNA (ribosome)
the ribosome
provides an
organized system
for the amino acids
to be delivered by
tRNA and connected
in the correct order.
amino acids
connected by
peptide bonds to
make long
13
polypeptide
chains

Summary
mRNA brings the
message to the
ribosome. tRNA
brings amino acids
to the ribosome.
Amino acids are
connected to make
proteins.

How do we know what the code

means?
ALWAYS use
mRNA for a
codon
chart!!!
Practice:

mRNA= UAC
mRNA =
GCGAUG
*DNA = AAA

There are different kinds of codon

charts
Remember:
Always start
with mRNA!!!

mRNA= AGU
mRNA=
GGCCCU
*DNA= ATT

What Process is happening

here:

What process is happening

here?

What happens when the

protein is finally made?

1.Nucleus
2.Bound Ribosome
3.Rough ER (modifies)
4.Golgi Body (package
5.Cell Membrane
6.Exocytosis
OR
7.Nucleus
8.Free Ribosome
9.Cytoplasm
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