clene? and Invention FORMERLY ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 233 FULTON STREET-NEW YORK, Vol. VIIE Whole No. 94 fchievement of the year 1919 and pechaps.a decade, doubtiess, was Professor Michelson’: iscovery of & method for measuring the size it stars are go far removed from us. that even the wearest one, slipha Centauri = so distant, that if we Imagine ‘a wire stretched to this star, it’ would. talee cour voice four and onesthird years to travel over this wire until the man at the other end. of the telephone Feceiver would hear the frst sound: altho we know that clectriity travels atthe rate of 186,000 miles per second Professor Michelson stocecded in meastring. the size ome of there stars, altho they are billions. of miles distant from us. dipha Centowri just mentioned is fiver four light years distant from us meaning thereby that i takes light or electricity, both traveling, 186.000 miles per second, over four vests to bridge this tremen- ‘lous chasm. "While we kiow that all Rxt stars are fons tke ou own, and for that dows proportions, the imagination ; he wwe tey to qrasp the size of Betelgense, in the constella- ion af Onion, which Professor Afichelson's researches recently made it possible to-meastre accurately. Betel- see, which ip about 180 ght years stat yom the arth, 3 40,000,000 times as large as the sun, In other words, i we were fo place about 380 suns side by side, wre would then have a star of the diameter of this new lant, Betelgense Figures of this kind, while tremendous, mean noth~ ing {0 our imagination, Because our microscopic minds Simply fail to grasp them The writer therefore wishes to give afew iilestrations which will make the en totic size of Betelgense more apparent HIE year 1919 has not been a very prolific one la I Sin grat discoveries Bet the greatest scientific /AN WE MAKE OURSELVES INVISIILE?... Front Cover CAN WE MAKE Oma, Painting by Havail V." Brown ‘af $rbiNe COAL FROM MINE TO City 1066 PIPING COAL FROM MINE Tetgfnald Pelham Bolton SCIENCE IN PHOTOS. Rikiioce yrs By’ Chartes’ S° Wolfe 1070 New Y UBWAYS'A CENTURY HENCE to pug napieny yearirer eae ERATE TE RE TH AAPA SEES lad doe FE I & OURSELVES CA iM eSatask NV Ameran’ Bijaich yy Ti Gernabachy Member Seciey SCIENCE MEASURES THE ATHLETE... HE X-RAY FLUID. By Jules vaprax : A New Giant A man on the earth, Jet us say. weighs, 150, pounds. ported to the sun the same man sould weigh 4196 pounds, oF over two tons. This is due to the greater travitational attraction, just as on the moon the same fan would weigh leis than’ 25 pounds, the. moon being much smaller than the earth, "But on Betelgeuse the same man would weigh 2494146 pounds, or 1.242 tons, if we estimate that Betelgeuse has the same den sity as the sun, which, by the has wot iuppose you live on, Betelgcuse and you have a friend living'on the other side of that globe. You call hin upon ‘the telephone, and it takes your voice exactly 4214 "minutes, to travel half way around. Betelgeuse, altho electricity. as we know travels. 186,000 miles. per cond. In this case you would speak your ‘messige into the telephone receiver, go out and have kinch for over an hour. and when you returned the words {rom your friend would just hegin to pour from your re- ‘A’ train traveling 60 miles an hour, speeding along the equator without stopping would take S19 hours oF a little oer 17 days to complete the circle on our own Blobe. ‘The same train on’ Betelgeuse running at the same speed would (ake 1.792 years to cover the trifing ireumference. In other words, a train which had started “during the downfall of the Roman Empire ‘would just now arrive at its destination! Betelgeuse is 2.690,000.000,000 times the size of ow earth. “This means nothing to our mind. If, however Wwe asked you to count these billions of globes that you could tuck away into Betelgeuse, at the Fate of 100 per ‘minute, it would take one million years to count them all not forgetting that each globe is the size of on cast ie H. GERNSRACK, TALKING ON A “THREAD". FAESD Write! Ropes Ur x FAKEY i Dy dial, 7, O°C goer Sloane, Pit, LLB, 1s ELECTROCUTION HUMANED X THE SUN'S UNKNOWN Rays, Jovnh He. Remus WE idogers 1b. Bk HCA, MOTOR HINTS" PRIZE CONTES HOME ELECTRICS “READING. THE HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIC METER: ‘By Gu. Hoadley: MP. Portiian ASTRONOMY iid MAGNETISM OF THE i Lai WAL GE he WS Nisa Oi Icxrmion paTTERY AT HOME, rote Beizeaitience and Invention for February, 1921 109 $20 for a complete electrical education soon willbe ancient history | The price of the CROFT LIBRARY OF PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY must be advanced Jeiest the profiteer. We detest the tactics of ompany or individual which raises prices of com: jes without just o The new price which must’ soon be placed on the Croft y of Practical Flectricity finds no favor with us have persistently fought increases in the prices of our books. We have succeeded in keeping these ad- s down to a minimum. Whereas, most other commodities today are sold at advances over former prices of 100% to 500: Technical book prices have remained nearly the same. But the present abnormal of paper and materials going into Yhe manufacture of the Croft Library compels to raise the price. Paper is going up daily. It is hard to get at any price. Usually wily” small quantities, are proctrable. With the unheard-of shortage of wood pulp here can be'no drop in prices, Still time to act education, will soon be a thing of history. We must ibrary--or raise the price ie advance will take place very soon. "You still have an opportunity to procure the meat of up-to-date electrical practice in America at a fraction the cost of the same Information procured from any other source. You still have the chance to possess the most vitally tmportant electrical data in print today, at a very low price. Records of actual electrical practice Records of actual practice, writt itlustrated So that nothing remains by a practical man, written so you can understand, nystery : tire set to you Let ge send on, for abactely tk oaly Sn of whic fo make ou'mantet of Shs Not a cent in adoance—amall monthly payments if you're pleased Ponty arsor nid malin orn ares tion wi ipem eka sor Ser not adtnbed "Hf wanted tend'se 43 in ten dave We haur Hill Book Cree 239 West 391: . :reet, New York Publishers of Boe’ ‘. Engineers Since 1876Volume VIII. Whole No. 94 illustrate an interesting sug gestion front German conten: porary, which the editor theeeoi terms ‘a "Ctopia of Karl The the. development iigibles, great advan hhave heen made in the att of prod Aight structures which at the same. tin are strong. This lightness is i A Floating “Aentic City” May Be. the Realized, Dream of Tomorrow. The Sauiee “and Seppaed by Four ‘Slant fessence of airplanes and dirigibles, and how in the present project, it is proposed to apply it to the development of a new mode of sea transport. Four, ships, each larger than the “1 perator” are decked in and provide sim- Ply room for the working crews for the Inachinery and for the motive power. and for some or all. of the requisite “fuel Thru. the body. of each ship, starting at the deck, there is. an inverted. funnel- Bape structure, & whose apex near the keel, isa steel hemisphere forming one EDITOR H.GERNSBACK, cience and Invention FEBRUARY 1921 No. 10 i H.WINFIELD SECOR.~ Associate EDITOR T.O'CONOR SLOANE. Ph.D: ASSOCIATE EDITOR A Floating City rember of a massive ball and socket joint A great platiorm or deck over iftees inundred feet square, is carried, by the four ships, the entire weight of the great structure resting. on, the. four ball and Socket bearings within the four ships ‘An auxiliary thrust strut is used to keep each pair of ships parallel, ‘The re- sult of all this is that the great platform Will have very little motion in the heav- fest sea way: the bearings on which it rest are inthe part of the ship where the motion is the least and its length of Side will also. operate to minimize the ‘motion. ‘On the deck, the imagination of the i oor cerca, el i the constrction Of hotels and other structures which may fhe Aecommodated on 40. large an. area. Te will be noticed that’ it is. practically one-third of a mile square, Houses. shops, hathing. establishments. theatres, a less station and the local telephone ser vice are all Supposed to be supplied, and 1063 americanradiohiston there is wo he a pring press 10 pls {Ey nap and petal acdc In abort the. proposer wishes to con seruet am actial” flaming ts. Naturally i's claimed that there wil be no sickness a ins aia Keeling of contiement toa small {hat he or she ean spend hours Je which i ie to walk walking about the great i claimed will take haif-an h 1 Built on 4 Hage Platform Nearly One-Thied of «Mile Fe" Bioperling Femers Are Pistinly Mined nthe Hobdy of the Vere jew of the raging ‘motionless. plat= be a wonderful around. The mere Ser'fom tis practic {orm high above wi sig ile sad 1f couse provision is made fon, ny quantity of (regi automobiles and the Rea of the fanned, ening nach ship ries a grea steal pillar to this the’ eussee"of the superstructre re secured, All the motion ef the plate foe therefore tha ae from the ship 1O'the‘comparatcely aight up and’ down (Continued on page 1141)Swiftest Things on Earth T is imeresting, indeed to compare ‘some of the slowest moving things fon earth with those which travel the fastest the fastest thing we know, of course, being radiant light, and one of the slowest things. the human’ thumb nail Which grows 2/1,600,000,000ths of a yard gi per second. The Fastest Thing in the World is Poss Next, we may here consider tree growth, ane bane ee geowing at he etramely slow tate oC 27/1Bo00 00s of a yard Second ‘Now comes the proverbilly slow oni which moves atthe average Tie Of ISfiodoinns of s yard per second ‘A tnan has walked fea. second test, one mn I inate ecient othe ate St 95f mutes per hour A man can rin, as Tecords shows at the ate’ of one mile in eat oat 1 mt ge ewe, A than ‘hay seated at the surprising speedo tne mile in 2 1/5 minuteavoF abo one hal SE"ran ‘an an express tain ‘The Fastest Boats Next, we come to fast boats. One of the fastest veesels we know of, is the naval de- stroyer. Recent high speed tests have de- ‘onatrated that one of dese ultra-powerfel submarine spotters and destroyers can tear thru the open sea at the rate of 4274 knots, ‘which is, equivalent to 48 statute miles per hour. ‘The gasoline-engine propelled mo~ torboats of he hydroplane type have grad ually outdistanced all other’ vessels whi propel themselves thru or over the st of the water, ‘The past year, Miss America eclipsed all international rivals and establishta_new world's record with an_average speed of 76655 miles per hour. This was the aver- age of "six tests. three with and. three ‘against the stream current. This remarkable motorboat was built just large, enough to {BEp the engineet and pilot nd was po ‘ered. with two 450. horse-power motors. This may seem like re high horsepower jt, for the eke of de smonsteating ed in a race, but ite nly one ait the Rorse-power sevelont the Maple Leat-V, which not only. was per cent longer i hull measurement, but SGrried four 48) Norsepower Sunbeam en rfc best speed attained by Maple Leaf-V, pecting New York and, Chicago and other large cities. to-day. ‘develop Seka Sn'the heighborhocd of 209 SO sae an hour, and average considerably lower ‘tan thi, “s ¥ ‘Sixty miles an hour, or_mile-a-minue speed has been proven and i now cons fed the safe high speed limit for passes a ee sows cuce Semel ah atc ma tee Ay ation er tras when he atained G24 miles per hour. Migs cImerica has a ne step Bydroplane hull, and. reached. 4 ‘maximum speed in some’ of her tans, of 77 mites per hows, or almost 9 ies One", he fastest things in the world apabie of carrying aman, is the ee boat Weil butt fce boats have. attained’. velo: city of two miles a minute or 1 miles n four’ on the ‘Shrewsbury. river "course, These glide over the ie On runners, pro- pelled by the wind blowing against a large Sil 12 in an ‘exciting "and. adventurous Sport. Our large ocean finers attain a speed &F'25 to 30 miles an hour, but the average fof the smaller pastenger-carrying vessels from 10 to 20'miles an hour, High Speed Railway Trains Railway trains, strange to say, have not shown” us anything new in. speed.—even those of the present day! Itis peculiar in- deed to note that (as pointed out by one fof the consulting engineers of the largest Tocomotive concern im America), it is not considered or shown to be ecotiomical or § Practical at all, to drive a modern steam railway engine and gest of 10D miles pep hour.” Probably the fastest speed at which a steam engine and train ever flew over the rails, was in 1901 over a five mile run in Florida, when an fengine and train attained a speed of 120 miles an hour, or 2 miles per minute. This ‘peed record has never been exceeded, and thas not, even been approached by the far~ famed “20th Century” railroad Ayers con- 1064 at a speed in ex. om SS Rites rae ode er trains, whether on short or ie runs. for the past ten years, and those have traveled by rail to. any extent, that {hiss abou ‘the highest speed the average, tho the writer has. t bee ivcetPilaaciphie “and New’ Vee aod clocked the speed with a stop-wateh, when. s'talle was made in 34 seconds, oF'at te Eafe of i les am how fora 'dtaace ofa few miler The fastest speed attained by electrically driven trains, ether with locomotives OF with motors on the coaches: themaeives, £3 Ta0' miles per hour, Secorded in the tex made some years ago on the German cle fied railway between Berlin and Zosseu The trains were tried with various shapes rind. shields fitted “on the. forw fan endeavor to reduce the tert ind “resistance encountered. at, ‘si aged and fal. the ans hy ‘ensured distance, the highest ever attaie tyra railway tain s0 far as we know. ‘Automobiles have carried man over = face of the earth at nest tothe high speed’ ever attained. ‘Tommy Milton, the past summer, in his famous Doe: racing car cipt several seconds fi the former world's motor records, incloding those of De Palma and few over the mes fared course at the terrific Fate of one snl ins ttle more than. 23 seconds. 7% brings the speed. of man’s travel on earth vp. 186 mer per nour, and to eral any faster than this, at Teast at the present im we have to consider the airplane. (Continued on poge 1148)I product fydiversined scenic effects, each one tai bt Undoubtedl A Niagara of Bubbles Tis indeed rather astounding when “Back stage” before the curtain, risey simple is the operation of the, apparatus represent ined thra t scientically a feature: well worth arated from the upper one by a sheet-ron " Bown the stairway ese bubbles, roll ‘Tinney te New Yorke rises that it takes but a few minutes to ft it up is large umber of theatrical one can see the scene being hurriedly ses the various wide- in place, “The scenic background consists and food the sage, with the roling billows of hve distinct sections, each of which has of bubbles. A gallon of water is used in ting a new mark ‘of genius. a double tank approximately one foot high, each tank and poufed into the trough after ‘one of the finest effects ob- one foot wide, and eight fect long attached the motors operating the blowers have been Production “Tickle Me,” is to it. The tank itsell is divided longitud- started; immediate action results, and the uuse of soap and water. inally into two compartments; the lower- white foam pours from the top of the tanks, it excel in scenic splendor. most one being about 1/4" deep and sep- which, of course, are le{t open. Partition perforated ‘with countless small and apread ail over the stage, while all ve isthe vehicle in which Frank holes. tanks contribute toward the ‘production of at the Selwyn Theatre, “On top of this partition are placed shay- great quantities of beautiful Bubbles which ‘The effect when the curtain ings of Tvory soap and communicating dic taji-down over the wall. A short time flooded with soap bubbies, rectly with i is a small trough allowing lafer, the curtain rises upon the scene. 2 stage millions of them, which come pouring down water to be poured into thevtank from At the close of the act, another strange a Jong fight of steps. as well as on both behind the seenen. Hundreds of pounds of occurrence takes ‘place. | Armed i sides of the stage. Fhe {0 them and billions of them are produced tion of this novel ereacems obenoend soap are used every day im the present brooms and brushes, the stage attendante ture, atten or pat out the bubbles and sweep in a very few minutes. Of course, the “To the lower compartment is connected them into a receptable provided for the bubbles ave very eeducion tn wigor bad i the ain wagon-load quantities results Every two fark stage floor. ester & pierre ego Bey te Ge aecommaed atone: OMEGA. wun wn teste 08 Colored Tights play on them constantly, The ‘center tank has its owneair blower, MY-, Of courie, they do, but even thi wonderfaly “enhancing. the ie Bein th ‘fround in chit bubbles. "Shor of bubbles, siting tl SE STP sn a fe the white foamy wall until ind earls reaches the stage proper. Reed tas toon onal atte ie how Se this show an ‘not be discust in this brief description. Of course, the a The scientine question, now arises. as to this is done. They only see a girl appearing i me ‘one of the iris mall probably not averag: a pipe leading. one motor-drivar weied purpose which i located under the stage ‘diameter, but their turbine or pump as the illustration shows, and whose mouth opens on a level with re connected to & blower splay. The however, and laced at head of been protected with a canvas covering, it iy aaah, fer aed Qed ate had rg Wee Nea nen ee Te ici ocean of ethog ArMay dead #> the umes, Jn Duck of A or aliow for subociuem scenes to be rey opto theconglomeration ‘Nh S"tesp le’ A Tedder fends tothe erected and is replaced Before the sage a Mbegt aniday tobe nanne, atfrm 0 that st the opportune moment Senden Ne ae that the holes Ta the jeans wyrair Matt A pura he unt ats male ad 4 ‘her way thru a dense maze of soap bubbles, #%. lower is operat fore water Wal Sa eeay incorporated Based iis het preven the wate 1e pleas yatur ‘will down the central stairway. from flowing down into the blowers, the aia jac dnt ae tow sr presurt hig oe ct IGM ty ee an, i ge RLg gee tare hhow these bubbles are formed. from the midst of the bubbling mass. So tiny holes passing down into the blowers. sanradioHE, foal suply of great com, ‘munity may. ded as a vital sity, cond only to that of supply "of water. The latter has ‘as a problem tebe sel aly Wy Se a the people, and” the vast the metropolis upon. i water iys- ‘although “unremuneratve’ froma hasbeen eo round ‘ere monetary. stand dorsed' by public opiaion on the of it netebaity In view of the Sng conditions f coal shortage which now fetars every winter it would seem that oncerted action should tsp be taken in thin problem of fuel supply. The present byte of coal delivery has reached'a con fon of ‘adequacy that asin fecent years become amentce tp the health yes fren to the existence of the population Fer the outcome of undirected Toe eemarato hardin aa tothe conmumer, are. comp Fequite the accurate uctreaton of ra fond, harbor and. truck Ste dependent largely spo vic wth. tudes of ‘weather in our variable climate, and they ‘employ a variety ‘a quota to the cont ences, each adi the vital: mater ‘the expense of which has now risen to a Point where its use becomes a 1uxury to ~~ ee ~ Ts" Separated trom the Coal Seen is, Diathargs ato Large Collection ea Coal from Mine to City By REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON CONSULTING ENGINEER, NEW YORK CITY the larger part, which is also the poorer bart, of our population, fet it be sald. Piping Coal franced_ by an Fithan”. fone tere alee feaaee pressure thre the rma This important element in our domestic existence has in fact become. a8 precarious a it is expensi ‘are not pr supply of ‘coal is produced i response to ‘demands, no. provision is exercised {o forestall exceasve cold weather and such liable to occur at ‘when a severe the harbor just. wi was at the maxima the need for’ f Gar stem of foe every, mace than that of water, ‘at almost ef prove bat rasisgly com im ‘must grow ier Blea tine avatar and popaion i Ereases, ‘unless some “new system SSopted. that will simplify” the methods of transportation, effect a reduction i ex Dente and Treedom from weather ican fides, nd above all will provide an ‘dune provision in advance for the fed feeds of the ely. Te seems time to consider whether more adequate methods of dealing wh ‘hin ituatlon, and a robabe fytore "The fuel best crease cannot be found. suited for the purpose of domeatic. best- ‘and the mafority of the smaller indus- is anthracite (hard coal).Peet Whe Communication Besween New York, and, Sens See Reena he eee eee te 3.36: Miles Long The ff Ri the. Typewriter “to an Electric ines The Photo War Mace in the Western Union isiegraph Company's Opers ye Novy wits sige car Deven co | Get Hauer cycle ead de Tapesol,Sgam Blow so. Keen New York Tealic Oven Kear ew York, lor Xp Atel Recoung Uarution in the ‘Qperign ot Guow Tractor, Suit" Afr the ines Esai ie, Rovary, Windshield aia ord ie oond Ape a ft Shearnese of Viton www.arA Radiogenes By CHARLES S. WOLFE HE last train up in the evening—it put in its appearance by the way, at Belo “trougin Ste" Wiliam Jones no dereer—back 0 hs native i Wittam bad behind him, to his credit oF discredit, a you will, four Years of roam- ‘done mostly on aundry tramp fea (Om these hoary-tunneled ree ances St the deep hie had been known as Spark” Beenie of the fact that "he admied hat was a wireless telegraph operator. ‘Be- cause of his ready admittance, perhaps, he fad seldom been called on to prove ‘ie wilage band war ot 4 te sation tontrec him Neither had the populace Formed out In foree, Noone fell on tech Ph ‘nly thing that showed” any desire to thus greet the prodigal were a se tataaet GS Sha ame wo Pass T Hands. Al Une Ja dozen empty milk-cans, hurled by hasty easter, Bo had killed the fatted calf. Nor id hia father run to. greet him: while he Grav sll afar off "Av a matter of fact the was in hie accustomed chair in hen when "Wiliam and his suit: ‘te blew in, and Dad greeted him with & Soria it ee eed So, after supper, William wandere gato he Frome ee dnd ove the “tore to ace a8 had Been is wont ‘before “he, had. journeyed. forth to Beard the world i its den ‘Aa he closed the his ee fell‘on the house sdjoining. and instantly ‘eimory ‘recalled. fever, or it he meaner®"" For imate acquaintance with Fred ed i to expec the worst fom that we note Wilts is Snir Jute, = for the Night the Fight Was Pulled Of; Fred i Fred. in Hig Carefully Darkened Room « Hundge Wyo Chiackied KeHe Watched Fred's Every Move: lance took in, the details of mestead, and ‘being an ob- he noted something that ‘would entirely escape the casual obser. “The vain spouts were gone! The Tong getrawitd ating pipe ni een femoved ieaving oniy short lengths leading from the oof gutters and under these, on she ground ielow stood barrels to eateh the drip. ‘Now that's funny.” mused, Willam, and then forgot it as ai old pal hove sn sight. ‘The affectionate greetings over, the twain ted themselves t0 the general sre, ‘They found the clan aecrbled. Wiliam had pfevouny lated from is companion Beecher ot ra Weighty “and. engrosting” topie’ neede Tigtty threshing out” “Phe male popsla- jee—and of the country at His keen the Ashton servant young mi a large, for that matter—was deeply inter- Hed in the outcome. of a pending heavy- weight fight for a championship. She Bink afotnty aed Bruiser O'Brien were scheduled to pummel each other some three nights, hence, and each of the Italians had a considerable following. In this particular village the factions, con: sidered “numerically, ‘were about equal, Furious and loud waxed discussion, and William soon found that the sinful ‘prac eof wagering was not an entirely un- roti, but all eflorts 20 gt Bis ideas with com of ther were refute ie all oe" an ah he Inerely grinned impudent, and said, “I place my bets on the night of the fight, and "ein te srsion broke up that even nthe sesion broke up that evening, william, perforce, ere. with Aah: ton. ‘He’ found ‘him the same “1070 1 the ability never got aired, for there was simply 1 Blac that hey could be wedged in between ton's ever-expanding monologue. Wiliam) "bade” hima thankal good. night at the gate, and made his way {or his room." His. window opened ost fora te "Aituon tstcae, anda he St there in the darkness, puffing a meditative cigarette, an upstairs window in the howe fcronssideny based ito ght, Watchin red enter and eat himsc he window. 't rather profane ejacult- tion, ‘Wilt Jones aat bolt upright in his chalr, and for the next few minutes he gave Fred’ tis undivided attention. 1c iy Chal Before His Ingruments and Domne ¢ Beet ef So Away, There St Alvo Wills Finally he rane and bldg bs hand- kerchief over hit mouth, gave way to laugh teraz neary alent ax fe coud make! tc $e ears rolled. down his checks. “Naugh: Soom he ean, Sasapeting gure fn te lighted Footn feng, Naa ntughiy Os, You" ba tk beyond the he bad established shadow of a doubt that Fred Ashton was sitting at a table which held one mirv fine wireless receiving set. ‘Now several things were clear to He remembered the rain-spoutless roo’ saw the reason thereof. Master Fre: ‘using it for an aerial, And he sav the method in the madness that rest hhim from making bets until the ever the fight, ‘For when the non-resident railroa rapher closed the sation and 5 the 6:10 ‘every evenings the title 3c teas practisally cut off from the te He (Continued on pare 133°DETOUR AROUND Foyn On ee Coal Mines but 110 Miles from Delivery Point Scranton which is near the center of the Pennaylvania coal beds is only about HO mules a straight tne from Hoboken, system of transportation this Kecthe consumption of which now Amounts to about 7 millions of tons pet Season, is by rail to Gdewater, where the {Goal is transferred to seows, hd carried By water to the several parta of the city. I is unloaded to relatively small storage bine on dealers” premises, thence is re. to. horsecdraws ‘wagons and motor trucks, and by tem Js hauled to, {tnd often rerhandled atthe ultimate point Of consumption. The problem thus ‘con seems to present itself in four featres! CD) Seody 1 : GP Serage GS"Blas bane rene ‘Transportation—Shall We Coal to Consumers Tt does not follow that the present sys tem of rail transportation of fuel to the Gity of New York is the or ‘lable cor the most efficient method. ‘The move- ‘ment of such a vast quantity of ‘coal over a felatvey short distance’ an under- taking which may warrant other meat of operation, The burning of coal for the ment of cars needed for other purposes ‘must be considered in comparing the ad- vantages or cost of other methods of transportation. Attention is directed by ve ~S the-evident limitations and the unecono- ‘mic character of our present methods, to the possibility of the transportation’ of fuel with water in pipelines which was Was originally proposed and was success Mi ted Wore then a" auarter ef a century ago by the late W. Andrews. It Seems to present a0. impracticable, feat. tres, ay the transportation of soil and stones in the process of hydraulic dredg- ing demonstrates. It involves simp! imtan ‘and matrialyA head of wae steel piping ‘of moderate 2 coal Broken below ‘a given tire, tnd "some meant of acparating the uid and ‘od Iaterials at the: pout o e thas been found travel etsactory swith water in proportion ‘of 30 per cent Of the total volume in the pipe and in that Broportion and witha afin head of Water the capacity of a single sted Bbinches in dameter would be six mie Hons of tons ina year, The installation ofaseh (a pipeline in duplicate, would fer Tess dificulty and far leas ‘expense than at water condait-as it could prot i beat op the. frtae, ollowing Some railroad ‘ight of way rade {2°all in the direction of the flow. “Te is fo ‘be observed: that" recent experiments ve ali! depoatated he ensay of transporting. fuel in pipes, by means 0 an ale blast, when the material is ina dy and powered condon, Fuel in that form can, be transported in pipes of a8 mall s aize an three inches in diameter. Great interest is now being exhibited in 1067 es bene cy hts a er Fri ss eBid teat baliey gad Ge Aito Biituta tae Haat sats Baa ing ta is heriSbae Journeys the press of pulverizing low-grade fel for ‘power purposes, which may tender al MS het fo athe ine wastage of coal fa athe ge wastage of ea pesces of : Ss, ith power profncrd ty barang the aiall or waste grades of fad ERE Reger ec woud Katte ttc ite ‘transportation by the pipe line method. ‘Storage of Coal “This part ofthe subert hasan import: ance quite. apart, iron “question of istics sf tanreoration te Ber da Gear ele “fee ie teton of Ae oor etal THe povaladen fee whe ebeeatee pce iRePaN compat fo ay for thee nal supplies of a eee sett or a large Tee hu se She ope i soit ae ak sP uote nea ainng trl Seis fmployment daring. saek sea ‘he storage of a whole season's supply invales no ey ge tee of and Os prea ePgen Eat ce ae Sten eat Re vided ito @ nai st ace Ein" en en ool i ty aan beige Fe cee ground feof tot 2 miles. in length Mohan wilh Capace red Bala inthe Hackensack endow die Be Satire aes weale Saycoe iaidea arses ae eral pres of the City, thereby: afording desirable Stetnig apne the fect oF ie and de ISU ete anor nthe ariesSe Liners Mage Sizew. The Sietaae Sle a a San sp Re Riseaadel At x Hest Ptr mt Pains. "the Photographic Pate famulative fect ef All th ‘The. SS "Bic Aur" the" Spctter See’ Bet One ef Wee Light Puce aNew York’s Subways a Century By H. WINFIELD SECOR JE accompanying prophetic draw- ng bye erge, Wall shows ina vivid manner'a sectional view Manhattan wen he Subways. of New iy 10 ‘one hundred years fron now, will undoub- diy" honeycomb the entre isand. “There fre at present in some places three, and in Some places four arteries of subway trae Funning northward along. Manhattan Te= and, narrow au it is As the artist has clearly ‘shown inthe illustration above, the time will undoubtedly arrive, perhaps Peat del sooner than we are locined for believe, when practically every street Will have a Subway running Below i one Serground. ‘Ina recent interview with Reginald Pel- hham Bolton, a well-known consulting en since of Mew York Cis and whos ust be sad, possesses a far greater range ff vision than many of our trafic experts, there were outlined some of the wonder” Tul changes which are undoubtedly in store nt Fily Yeara, As Shown, There is wnhattanites in the years to bly within the next” twenty fr. B maps, Mr. ‘Bolton, ‘with a sweep of the hand, stated that the present congestion ‘of the subway lines, the way they are be- {ng Isidout and. built, is not logical, 3t lease so far as the immediate future needs Of Greater New York City are concerned. He mentioned that there is entirely too (Continued on page 1129) My Turret Astronomical Observatory By HON. JAMES D. HARTNESS HE Turret Observatory grew out of ay caper in ela os that‘even withthe armest the tng i became thofly chiled Sig a even a moderately low temperatare and hat hen observing ero weather. to fy thing’ of sil Solder weather whieh {2 cttmo to many fr note Staten there was not ony great dace: fortare but also an Soenpachy to get the Seer ese Having had mare fe ieetecpe chinery, T studied ier noble and fter looking over What had been done, 1 arrived at the conclusion that the ‘urret suchas ‘sed ona’ battle: Ship. would exaetly meet “the. require: iments. OF course the stractore of the sire ands mounting had to be designed for this newtuse. The rat result is satisfactory, at east to an ama: tear, “The telescope is a refractor, having 3 Neminch Brae Shear object Tanto 8 ‘The focal length is 140 inches, ‘The optical train is the same as for the standard tele- scope, except that (oF Vermont, for Hi’ Own ‘Use. on This Bate erate Oe gt ihe Taderground Turney Observatory. Rbokaer tet PT Visi Goren, Site of Fermrt dora po att went nes om diecast xan oh am SER Dn, ence se sf il apes st hc se ard le! a Sh Son Bese” ee he Sa Den eh Se eA rcae Atiaa ih he mevenh s dat jae Side and will be the same as that of the outside air. From the prism into the exe-piece i takes the temperature under the influence of the ‘and the inner room: ‘The. turret is made of ‘cast iron and ‘weighs one and one-half tons: Teis par= Ually jacketed on the inside with wooden ied ae ee ia ee cree etate est soa fae irae Tyee mera gee fale ecacaleeta ted seat eater aes eee eee eae ec eea Eee linaiteae ee eae Site eee se foe from py (pe i less of the weather. T believe “the time will come when one of the gent ine Muguries of the home, wi be “window {0 the skies"—s0. that we eam make and keep a deep linpression af the objects comprising. ys island universe=the visible heavens From the windows to the street we may somelines revew. the (greatest show. oh arth if {ist mgeh advertised show hap pens te vit home, but if that show Bod ll “other “attractions “of the. earth Shoull pass our homes, the combined pie fe could. ever equal the majesty and leur of the celestial show with the Tanpenings within reach of the tel cocope " Avplelight for the turret chamber {s-altorded. by the deadlights in daytime, while electric lights iluminate at night:The Radium Institute of Paris HE. Radium Iastitute of Paris, whose building was not completed When the wat broke out, 3. to- Gay the most remarkable’ among suing wenn actual ox {sting in England or in Germany 28 mucl by the scientiie eminence of jadame Curie ‘and. Profes as by the perfection of the instruments installed lately'in its Iboratories. "The: Radium Tastxste is composed of two niet departments mone are Sudied the scienlihe properties of radium, while the other is devoted to its medical Applications, “Doctor Regaid, who is in charge of the latter department, which is 4 branch ofthe widely known "Pasteur Tastitwte, endeavors to cure cancer sud {Snort by tigation of Racium snd "Wie wit first visit the Corie wing. this laboratory: shown to visitors, fadio- fetive bulbe are measured ‘and tested by the piezo cleetrical quarte method. The Operdion meauures in absolute. value the Shroune of radium contained in each bulb Sebeatted to: examination by: piysicans, Tn one of the photographs. 4 Hub under tea 7s shown resting onthe condenser St the right hand side of the photograph In the chemistty laboratories, the cors"may see the prolonged and delicate Speratigns the mumerous fractioning, an fepeated crystalizations ‘which are ncces- Say inthe preparation of “radioactive Substances (adiem,poloniim, “actinism, ranium, thertum, ee). Tn “another Photograph. Madaine ‘Curie can be seen Ireclng” the dition apparatus in Bh rani nitrate pi we the is inserting'a few mligrams of polo: fium between two metallic diges, Tov atl nother photograph the lamented. scfen- its “wile is shown heating. bari Solution containing radium. “The room in which the extraction of odin ewemciion te effected, Is the Most extraordinary in the Insitute, To the lett AS"eabinet whose sides are ned with Koad fi ate preset the, radium ands. "These precious substancer are Kept in Hite vials fitted with curved Glass tubes, these tubes being ‘connected [otmereury’ manometers, On the day we Paid our iste tothe: Tastitute, $200.00) North of the precious substance. which Could have been held in the hollow of the ftand was enclosed in a receptacle fn the oerom nthe’ photograph, ot ht to left in. the photogra, showing hs! oom ie te aroun of ae” Gia pumps of high tension deed to obtaa ‘3 vata in the tubes, seceded by the r— ——— A Few March “] Articles Early Steam Engines, trom Hero of Alerondria_to James Watt,’ By Prof. T. OConor Steane, PhD., } LED. Hovw Big Is.an Atom? | With Come} parative Size Shown in Pictures. By Rogers D. Rusk, M.A. | Rotograsure Pristing—The Entire Process Clearly Explained bya Roto- gravure Expert. Ilustrated. The Sense of Touch—How We Feel By Joseph He Kraus, Tus ated, Ozonc—Iis_ Liquid State. With Apparotus for Producing Ii. Clearly Shoren and Described. New French and. English Tidal Pescer Projects. Ilustrated ‘ith Special Pictures Crystals—Hore They Are Formed, with ‘Beautiful Illustiotions by TAt- im BT. Butterfield. E“Wall-paper—Hore and from What It Le Made-—A Real Art, Fully Tus trated with Photos of the Tarions Processes, “Home Electrice"—What Makes E me Fuse Blow Out, By G. L. Hoad- ley, ME. Tichy Ie Grow Bold. By Dr. David J.Calichio, AED. Early. Elevated Railroads of New York City. Hith Some Interesting Photos. Dr. Pringle Discusses Mind. A Appeal. Scientife Story of Unusual By Join De Quer, “Special Rotogrovure Feature Pages "i i “Howls SAP Home in’ an Auto” j Four Mental Balance? | ications of the X-Ra | dersSea” Movies" “Latest Science | Happenings” —ond Others. Beside numerous other big feature articles. by well-known soriters, and ll the usual Departments, including Esperimental Chemistry, "The Con: Structor, How-To-Make-tt. Wrinkles, Home ‘echanics, Auto Hints, Pop- lar “stronon | | | | apparatus for measuring the gas pressure inthe. emanation val eo Standing in front, of “this glace ea ‘watches the variations, while’ the Bulbs are being filed. ‘The ra ‘are genefally kept in liquid air bottles and the special plant needed for the produc- tion ‘of liquid air is. installed in the sub- cellar of the Institute. ‘An electroscope is used to measure the value of the 24 emanation ‘vials prepared daly at the, institutes the operator using 2 stop-watch in order to Keep the with great accuraey during the operation But owing to the yet unknown effects F of these substances upon the hupran body, he Stpcrmentere Wve toa hpceed ties" bles are made of oka fered in he fos of thc woud are ih ees adherens the oun’ ae opeaions. can BE tae Ne tthe Pitarasha the Spee Mar Mcthate he NE San al ah aioe iio end tale which akes I hkrneae fore arr: Tete Yous Siete Natame Cini gies er Nconey, TOs AP Specie terns te OE Towing instrument ste sen othe table Tene come an" ani wench anes posto hee aan parte ie cfc bythe vam: nett come tet Shoke 2 ther hang ong So mali omni femern’and aco wi the production of etrens toed inthe experince mate neh anemone ecrnagiat We Moni has a power of 0.0 ms The Xray department nelle fa the aster pig ae remarkable’ one Sire Sy tom ena ppd nde uasentut for atamor” ful'heed tepaced at ahoot feo the Ce idge tube which is fitted with a protective tefent te dacor watching the opera fon thr a window ao pete ty & Hed shen Yo te coo bee th pla (i “cperie” on 2" puicnedean Spparntar deincring WO soe iret of pa $Forshow How compited are the ge- seareheh Madey the Soin of he Roe ddium Institute a view is shown representing avset used for experiments on X-Ray of long wave length. For these experi~ iments such instruments as gas generators, ‘ui pimps, Kray ibe, and special Let us hope that with this remarkable installation the prominent scientists of the Radium Institute of Paris. will soon be able to successfully combat the dread dis- ‘ease known as cancer. German Said to Make Perfect Diamonds Tt has taken a German chemist to. dis: cover the secret of the diamond. Some time ago there were rumors that an i portant German’ frm had not only. ac- ‘auired. a patent forthe production ‘of these. precious stones, Dut had actually ‘manufactured diamonds in such quantities 35 to warrant the ‘conviction ‘that yet Another of Nature's mysteries has been definitely unveiled Ttis now known that the firm in ques- tion is the Dynamite Company. formerly Alfred Nobel of Hamburg. No details are available as to the nature ff the process, though it is believed to {ier very considerably from those hither- to tried, 1 am assured that not only have many diamonds of good size already been produced by it, but also that the cost of production is such that it will be possible to make them very profitably. In quality, too, the artificial stones are said to pe ‘equal to any which come from the mines. Indeed, I believe experts have declared the quality of some to be even better than the average natural stone. The cost of production, of course, is considerable. but is still very much lower than the ruling market price. Tn the diamond market, which is nat- urally’ highly interested and not a little alarmed at the news, it is. stated today that itis believed the price will be as much as 40 per cent lower. ‘There has been and is a great business 1072 done in diamonds in Germany, and many: merchants have large stocks on hand, and they fear a rush to sell may be caused by the prospect of lower prices in other quar- ters, However, such a fall is not expected, as it is thought that the prices of the arti- ficial stones when they come on the market will be put at a figure only “Just low enough to break the Brith’ monopoly. as one merchant The company referred to has not yet sold any diamonds and is producing only at the rate of a few hundred carats daily. Only a few privileged experts have been permitted so far to see the manufactured stones. It is hoped there will soon be a ‘weekly production of between 20,000 and 30,000 carats.Science and Invention for February, 1921 americanradiohistory.com Googleing Physician Wil be Able to Tell ying, Vibe a" Reuatively Simple ‘Thing to of PSatiimy igh rs "Bbject Bxpored for the Physician's Inapectie COMING INVENTIONS + The Transparascope z Charmi rom hare thew al his Sdventures. bestowed upon him a magic cap with these words: “This cap, my. prince. must only be used in time of great danger. By wearing it you will become invisible, and thus Your Enemies wil see you not "Fhus run. many fairytales of the past aswell 48 the present. It is a favorite Sivject not only with children, but with fronneape an wet ht fai tals fave S'strange way of coming true these ater days when inexorable science daily blazes way with ew wonders, putting. in the Shade the wildest airs tet of yesterday Not ‘only have we the invisible stint tn four fairy tales, but, of course, they do it inthe movies. and even onthe sage today. Tike fying, the art of turning invisible seems to be a secfet wish of human nature fog ome Gnaceountaie reason ‘Speaking. scientifically, is it possible to make ourselves invisible ‘by: any agency Known today? We believe we may answer ithe afiemative, and the day will steely come in the not too distant future when i ‘ill be possible to make our entire bodies, 3s well gp any other objet totally invisible tothe eye ‘Let us Rest see what really visible and. invisible. "Luminous, bodies sive out light! they radiate light. Tilumi= fated "bodies reflect and diffuse. light, Some examples of luminous bodies are the sun, a candle, an electric ight globe, NCE upon a time the good fairy O Hiypatia, who. had. kept Prince not for the diffused light of the room steiking it The paper’ in this instance By H. GERNSBACK Member of American Physical Society throws back the, light; thus we see the piece of paper. The case of the moon is Analogous. eC ‘This Biborate Table of the Known Vibrations Shows, How Par Mas. Has ‘Studied Natures (Great Secrets sows, What Wonders of [clence Iie Veiled Beyood the Upper Limit of the Prevent Vibration Sete? 1074 Certain media, such as water. glass. dia- mond, air, free space, rock-erystal. ete hte transparent. Oiled paper, thin. porce: iain, etey are called “rrangingent” Other solids are called “opaque. Thus, for ine Hance sone, wood ar gold are termed Opa." but no body is entirely opague Site thin enough, all bodies, without ex- ception, become more or less translucent thin’ gold teaf when held against light tbecomes quite translucent, the ight shining thrawith a greenish cast Eight is reflected, from sinooth, bright surfaces, a8 is well known, but no matter fon what surface the fight falls'@ certain amount of light is always absorbed by all es, An analogous easels water howe Gime ona caret hn agin the wal fost of the water will splash away! in ther words, will be reflected. ‘at will soak into the earpet "The case with a micror ie very similar Due to the very_amall wave lengths of fight, even the best mirror to these Tight waves is very rough and uneven. ‘There- Tore the ‘igh in relected rom i un. evenness, “ff'a mirror or reflector was absolutely and perfectly smooth. 1 wouid be'ineisibsen We would simply’ see it images of other objects, but the mirror itgelf could not be seen. ‘We can now nderstand why ordinary objects, as for instance, the human nods fr a building, ae opaque to our eyes. athe We have just seen that light rays penetrate Ail bodies more or less. TT you do. not itieve this hold your hand between your jes and the sun. Vou will sce the light ing-thru partially” In other words jour flesh. becomes. partially translucent fe showed alveady in our April, 1919 (Continued om page 1122) A goodly\ JD) AMESCIENCE has shown | L) Reethand in radical and "eam epartae. in some of \ the European countries, apaying { new. methods to the meastre iment of the strength and vitality of athletes. The accompanyin Dhiotographs show ‘the scientiic Eoparats, most-of which is 0p crated by electricity, being used to test the stamina and. many canes important factors which sh are Srequentiy Tost in amateat Altes at leat Tests for the strength Of the eyes as well as for astigmatism an folor blindness are included ‘Other tests cover the action of the lungs and heart, the quality and degree of heat- tng, Wistance and space tests quickness of fought and deison, fatigue ofthe muscles, cetera, ‘She ef the accompanying photos shows teveral female athletes undergoina tests 10 Setermine their Atness to enter a. swim fing contest Another photo shows a swimmer under- going thoro test by the ecient, prepara: tory to making a dive of nearly 100 feet. The heart must be perfectly normal, before the swimmer or diver is allowed to enter any such nerve-straining test or feat as this. He is shown standing at the top of the tower of the swimming schiool and before being allowed to jump of in his swift plunge toward the pool, he is remorselessly tested by the unfailing instruments for nerv- Science Measures the Athlete 1M ousness, pulse and heart action and blood, pressure If all of these factors do not check up to normal according to. the curves drawn by the hieedle on the instrument, he is hot permitted to undertake the Another photograph shows a board operating with springs and electrical contact ously arranged. to Various important factors im an investigation as. to. the. hin- drances encountered in abroad Lower Left Photo Shows Eleciical Recovaine' fesomsent, Used “ty Stine! ast Veroor pues ot “jumine Baon,_A High Diver Vaderscng & Tegt Tor" Lanes and Sug Whign"TevAlse Very Ceili Seated jump.” The spring board wit dlectrical contact 8 connected up to se tive register or recording msiramenty and he athlete. is. told. to make the jump. ‘The compression of the spring is registered automatically, and also” the aumospherie pressure against the body in motion. "Then the curves.and the position of the body are changed while jumping, so as to eventually diminish atmospheric pressure as much as possible, Electric Drive for Motorcycles E give here a photo. acini of success Spey motorcycle by" electric power The mo Storage bat the mouve enough feft for four additional fatten. The batteries are of tine. usual ‘automobile st type of 13 plates per cel he! then at 24 vo wih Stage comector, therefore the innferie "are ever Femoved Fra the motor, 1c motoreycle engine has been removed and a Oevolt a . tomotile atarter-motor. sub tuted, but it ts operated at 12 Yolts’ to" obtain the necessary Bower and apeed for the re Ruirements of the motoreycle, wer, with. space Here We Have the Electrically Driven Motorcycle. This Motorcycle, Te Driven a) a Sheed of 5 Wit per iene ae Mate by Sean Rate ic aocor Receives Its, Hlecseal Energy trom = Set Storage Batteries of the fenition ‘Type. 1075 americanradic ~~ Te travels about 15 miles per hour and is capable of making About eight deliveries per ay Ieeldom runs down providing AE Satgel when not fa ts There ‘Rave’ been "many at- tempte made to develop 2 ste ene, or we night call 1 SStsfactory, form of electrical Storage battery driven motor- xen We lara pe s- eral months ago, developed by fi ngish concern. an 80 abt "some ‘American genius el cventeally evelvet one hich ‘will fulfil the requ Bere of ur motoring public ‘The electri. motoreyele illus: trated inthe "present photo= raph ot Hl comet graph and description gonial by “Mr, EasterThe X-Ray Fluid By JULES H. STEAN, Ph. D. . discovered by William Canad Ro: entgen, Professor. of Physics at SWecreburg the. discovery marked avdistinet epoch in, medical sciencey aid the reported possibilities of Shut the aera)" was’ expected to accom= Bish savored aimort of te occu ‘Roentgen called his discovery S-ray_ a8 the leer x ia representation of the une [Gown in the mathematical formula,” The ature of the =r im ind even tous) svisntiats have ae tovdetermine the exact manire of Se mysterious rays ive principal theory a anced at prevent Sy thst the wolent ther putes, set up by the fnrdden Stoppize of “the “cathode Taya as they sik pon the of the tube. “Tn other: words favs are considered genera, of EE ne nature’ as it ‘waven, Bat Hate" he shoe wan length’ ostsile she vis ton” A'datsitos of Ba radiation cmsrating highly exhasticd tive whe Rig tension cleisic Wssharse past Gira ‘vaca ta I the year 1895 when the x-ray was x-ray is, therefore, the result Fate of vibration, of which lit ‘Phos ray can only be rengnized upon 3 sensitized photographic. plate, and ‘spon Such chemicats as Calciui, Tungstate” or Willimiter while the radiation from. the Eray tbe cannot be reflected. of polar= “Therefore, radiation from the x-ray tute prod shadow pikes or rae feraphs, 0 that the reproduction on the Photographie plate ‘represents only a adomgraphe form ‘of the: body thr which the xeray has past ‘As these rays penetrate all matter ac- cording to its density. and mass, the ple- tare produced is simply a record. w has registered the relative density of the object thra which the rays have past. The picture. on ‘the photographic plate. will therefore differ in appearance. as affected bythe density and structure ofthe objet lowever, a curious fact. remains, ‘that while some substances produce a kind of shadow, others do not, unless the x-ray passes thru a. considerable thickness of them. Carbon, for example, with the A New Invention That Makes Bodies Transparent ‘atomic weight of 12, is practically shadow- fess when photographed with the x-ray, while glass. containing lead, atomic weight 207, ‘gives "a dense shadow. Human and animal tissues, which a composed bones. which are heavier qlcium com- pounds, produce a marked dense picture with the x-ray photograph. While the discovery of the x-ray and = action brought valuable information to ‘A number of specimens. for the Study of the blood-vessels were, produced by injecting metallic salts into’ the blood vessels and x-ray pictures were produced From those specimens, While this method has a certain value, it cannot be applied with every specimen, as the detail of the tissues is lost, ‘Besides, it ig still a shadow picture, wl flat and ‘uninteresting fn lnoe the orignal which ‘canbe ox amined at will from every angle. Here is where the x-ray fitid. sets in and fils. long-needed want in the study of anatomy. “X-ray fluid not only pene- trates animal and’ vegetable bodies, but preserves the bodies of the same. In the years past many. attempts have been made to produce a fluid which would make specimens transparent and also act 1076 a5 a preservative, No definite result how: ‘ever has been accomplished. "The action of the x-ray fluid is based upon the principle of refraction. The fluid itself is composed of a number of chem fecal liquids which surrourd and penetrate the specimen, making it transparent ot semi-transparent at will, Tt may be coo- sidered’ a law that “different testes textures have different indices of refr tion which differ materially. “The law applies to the index of refraction ganic bodies, anid which is well certain extent, be applied table or animal bod saturated wit dex of refrac hit of the body itself the result fs lesser reflection of light nd 3p. ‘roximiate transpareney. The most dieule part in, make ing anitmal oF vegetable” bodies naparent Hes inthe fact that the texte OF sede, muscle at lignes ll have afferent index sefeaction and dis results io Some parts) “equiring perfect Sg i ea i aln ihe as ot S ietenati marae eae Pica tna tes SEs Bete tion of the body structure. The value of a fluid for this work lies in its power of AEE egret ae rane a erat ae cs Shei evans haaae SEN es mate pate feed de tae Seelam (Continued on page 1142) be Tost find the prTalking on a “Thread” P to the present time sound discs its axis as itis rected or unrecled on the inventor, wherein he mentions the alle fand sound rolls for recording and. spools of the machine Immportant fact that the tread aed is of Feproducing sounds, wach as talke "Tt acems almost incomprehensible that a atractarciess Nature, that 3, similar 80 ing ete, have cer known under this thread should prec isell, as the the compostion of which. violm strings the-name of sdictaphone’” "Mr E. winding mechanism of the machine is te- are made, which many of ‘sare quite Stieger, 2 Swiss engineer, realized the im: familar with, Such @ thread or sting, perfection and, dendvantages, of such a the aventor notte out, will sissies Found-wave producers and tried £0 fnd a no tendency whatever to twits es Substitute for these. cumbersome. media the same which would be of an extremely compact Yorm and at the same time overcome the disadvantages a5 to ragity and aiiclty swith reaped to tr ‘Ail this ands accomplished by: Me Ste Wention of the so-called “talking. thread Sertich even avchild may take up and Seprodace s conversation without any dit Eeulty. “This sound-wave producer 20 Compact and requires 20 lite space that's {ena whey “eases a hvesmite tal nay be paced within a watch casing, TE in therefore, possible to take ep and the tases ten in tae register ofice dictation a well a5 corres: ie kiN! ( mmaasaaaiat eA rarnencn oR ito ey Mcrniie pe must be “made very uniform in diameter, and Sraveruassess \ sand ie dicey by wees he Mecouogneae fons or as a nibatute for lets Bag, 3 Poe ter isang’ thread aloo i Benny hla opecially Nigh value av regards icssons in $8 scfoced bast fengeages sad for communication with Beste! qty Mott Binal people Yooatel Bch a "The thread is not at all able to be dee Hs Abwciily ‘Mase stroyed when encased, used and forwarded, BESO 2 yal Gated and is not affected by the greatest changes i One Dittin's the in temperature Birt ie Spe ‘Some of the interesting technical details $4,h=sct™, ihe Sang Pe of the “talking thread” phonograph, are de- Hiatt Gow iie Seribed in the ‘American’ peteat isaned'a Spots The Veie'Vir Sort tene aps He osageed a 6 the ie wit the recoding and ie Nic “a (8 reproduction of specch im the usual phono: Mes! Avouths In fe Graph, it is clear enough how this machine Sfewction. bese) Might work. But f'we cute che eroding fu ot? Viele ohnt or syius to impress ridges or depress Meas urd Cus Ne tins Yo te nc clio frend, and if sys Gaka® feat undelaions, Coreapondiag in pie : §nd in tone to the Variations of the voice, . are. drawn’ along ‘under. the edge of the Teproducting stylus the sounds will be re- Yersed, and the thread Produced of tanslated from the moving Use! to always Keep thread. Hts top Jace (as. we ‘may call it, and which How the “Talking Thread” Works carries the vocal lines or record) upper- should also possess _an_ extremely J most so as to engage the lower end of smooth surface, as otherwise there would However simple this may be, the moot the stylus which is attached to the dia- be heard, of course, noises and other dis- quiion aviaer act's Ride Schetion ss fim SF the sotad best teataces 96 "he attine when" h come ee says tase ck agate Ahies acotedforwhen we come to {o"eensShulln cash wate splash tarsing'on the description the patent need ke 2 Trae nS wo a7) An Auto Without a Chassis ne RACTICALLY every automebile shat we meet with gow-a-days has soto ote he tanto each att the front hele “Slany ‘cnggers be pated het Wt might pons be a great ies! eer lace the engine imthe feat the machine, and ‘ng (wo photographs of a recent French automobile design this very thing has heen done. Tt ts aleo surprising to note that this recent novel design provides a complete automobile without the body, less the chassis in the usually accepted sense. The machine is assembled around a. substantial metal center bear, "The front wheels and Steering gear are the usual type, while the battery-and other gages are mounted on the dash panel as the left-hand photo shows. ‘The two-eylinder engine, with its radiator, mounted on the rear of the machine, drives the differential gear and rear axies thr an enclosed chain drive. Powerful canti- lever. springs. support the rear axle in a Latent Type of Light French Automo- Til" bestgm, Walch Has Ne Chases, pula’ "Attopted “Senae’, Bot, Tortend ‘The front qqsities by means of two tong. springs in ie manner. shown in the rightchand photo. ‘This ‘machine is, provided ‘with the latest thing in steel. wheels and, above. all, pre- sents many highly” desirable qualifications ‘which would seem to warrant close study by American designers, Lighter Thay Mont" sea ‘The nigee prise Desiga, Placed ‘on the Promt and Rear Aales, Together 1 Other Novel Beatret’of Beses aRaES Te Betremely Pestle 1077New Draft Device Saves Fuel By HAROLD A. MOORE Phorograph At Lett Shows the Large’ Percentage of the Fuel Flrthcen May Be Saved. The \HE illustration herewith shows the "Anderson draft regulating. device, which is said to Bave been success: Fully selon 2 ginntbar furnace \; ‘ashington. ‘The principle on schich it operates is the regulation of the oat or other similar type of reguae ih, the water level can be Changed #0 a8 to modify he daft, The higher the water the less daft sod vice Versa “The photograph shows the device as “ealelby changing the hight of water installed ina large cannery plant The d 1 vessel, into. whose top the end of the gram which is made up from the patent Smoke pipe enters, being lent over so.as drawings, is self-explanatory. tobe vertical. The plane of its end is thus vel of the water i shown quite World’s Largest Cl the thousands of people who, 60 dap and down the Hudson ferep-bonts eyers evening. be: imeen New ork and New fos come faratively few, perhaps, seafie Gat the famows, Colgate Clock which beam upon them fom'the Colgate factory” on the water's elge at the New Jersey side. is the Target clock in the world, “The dial se 38 feet in diameter, and al- that Sppenre std he Wie Binch boards placed th inches apart, sors to diminish te te hour hand is 13 fect in length, and at its widest point is 3 feet 10 inches across. The minute hand is 20 feet long, and has a counterpoise, the two weighing 640 pounds. ‘The tip of the ‘minute hand moves 23 inches per minute, ‘covering ina day a travel of a litte over one-half a mil The clock ‘The Giant Clock on the, Roof of the Colgate Wg, Jereey Cigy, Jette the Lange srdy he Bit et ei, Meare Tange ATs Bulk of Bix Inch Boards, Spaced Three Inches Boar Thur, Presenting the Smallest. Porsbe Re ‘ihunce’to the ‘Wind’ Pr Genter: The Clock Mechaniam of the Great Colgate Steck; Thi Kepreents the. Mechanism Contlned ]] 3 isin inate Wath, ‘bay instead te See So Right: "One of the Hands of the we Ciack. 1078 americanradiohist Taveniar As Wall To souen, Fine BOK cor ser of he ig and i subgenus riot Se cairns ot 8 oS et ine so ie ae a eens Se ant ste een a Eset Sr esoret Sonat nate ed alte ae Sal the int ie or (Continued on page 1141) ock a week, The driving mechanism is ac tuated by a weight weighing over half a ton. It is regulated by a pendulum 8 feet long, weighing over 400 pounds. A metal frame work, some 4 feet long, carries the movement. From the clock work which is situated well below the clock, a shaft runs theu to give the ratio of 10 12 to th: movement of the hour and minuteWeird Music from a Carpenter’s Saw Musig Like That Prom a Uulele May 3 Be nagvationy ia the Rendon’ of simply Striking the Saw REAL, new. musical instrument has been. brought to. the attention of the public thtu the efforts of “Pee Wee” Myers and Ford: Hanford. in the Greenzsich Village Follies of 1920. pre~ sented by: the Bohemians at the Shubert ‘Theater in New York City. This musical instrument is an ordinary carpenter's save ‘The saw is of steel and according to Mr. Hanford, it was purchased ina “hock= shop.” ‘During the entertainment, the writer went back stage to the dressing rooms of these extraordinary. artists, and the fol- lowing litle history was extracted. from Mr. Hanford, relative to his discovery of Ehglcommon saw as 2 musical ‘Coming from a western tow “I Knew. that music could be produced by hammering nails into a board to’ depths-—the shorter the nail, the the tone.. When these nails are bowed ‘with’ a violin or cello bow and set into ‘Greenwich Vutge Policy of 1920" One of the Chae: Wig Visi "Bow ou Wil, Be Surprised "Phewre or Hall" Severs One Is Found they produce avery” peculiar ih "a ittle practice,'a real tune’ can be played tipon hese nail. Later on when chaning, 3 in 1 ‘observed a carpenter busing a sitar tool He bent it and struck a‘blow withthe hhandie of knife, “The saw that vibrated the best, he purchased. iy the same Hata of a save, ben ter and struck ain stil it I noticed that a different sound ensued, the cause of these. two differences bet that the ew had hent so. as to. conform ‘with an afe of a different degree. “Upon areiving home that night, 1 found that by striking’ the saw and. be sharply. Tcould obtain a complete he lowest t0 the highest. was quite poor. “After obtaining a collection of these carpenters’ tools of all shapes and sizes, T experimented or: Sa aaee tae sound and obtained ve ‘Later on, various hammers were la brotaced wal a the musical production satisfactory ‘and_ also. the bass viol bow, well wed, was found to produce eves nse than when the ww is stl wi {oft hammer seventh 1 Tearned to. play this i strument well enough to enter my name fon the theatrical circuit, here" and ‘now Tam First, a clear vibration may be obtained I be all the’ way up the. seale, bi Found that the higher the note. the nearer to the end of the saw the hammer must strike. Secondly the saw may also be bowed with each note re volume and quality of the note: likewise howing nearer the tip gives a note higher than the one just played. The Spirograph--Home “Movie” Projector HE ordinary moving picture pro: FP jestor using tong fins 's hancicape by the fact that the films are so bustible ‘as to. be almost explosive tw and regulations of the, fire. under Writers? "association have taken cogniz~ ance of this and the tse of the moving fe machine is Fredged about with quite rigid and nec (Scary: restrictions. “Tn the new Urban projecting machine there is no film. A lass dise 8 0-10; inches i dlameter the fatter itis hopes will be the average size, has photo- sraphed upon, in long. ‘continvios ‘Spiral, The transparen- Flor tte toring The, Spirograph, Has 2. Pls pictures, It i comparable to a Phonograph disc. In use, itis mounted on n machine and is rotated, the requisite i= fermission being produced by a suitable 1079 icanradic yam: iis ‘eet above the digg, as shown in the cut Practically on nechanisin contained ina “Tevet with the axis of 2 projecting: Hens, with i ‘operation slowly traverses the tadiaily as itrotates So as to project the Upon the screen ’A. 1034-inch ameter dise will cons tain 1300 ‘picuares, Which “is equal at the regulation spac ng, fo. BL fect of rofl fin but in the roll fm, when title- kre to be given a fede space fost ae they have to be repeated aver Several feet of Bim fo that they involve iB "to! 20 per cent Due’ wasteThe Divining Rod-Is It a Fake? By PROF. T. O°CONOR SLOANE. Ph. D., L.L.D. sin fata Than by ‘the eminent mining engineer, Rossiter W. Raymond, Tt wat publisht in extenzo in the tenth volume of “The E> incering News,” New York City, in I then a very valuable paper has been fed by the United. States, Government under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior. The author fe Artur J Ells. ‘There is ing amount of ature on ked-about subject And the eminently unscientific appliance has a'large coterie of adherents and of those jeve in its powers. It is claimed that an expert with the divining rod, over a subterranean current of water, will be able to detect its presence and exact cation by the motion of the rod. This wer is extended. by many believers 10 Include ‘metals and ores, and itis. also claimed that it can be used to detect and trace the flight of criminals Tf it works at all as claimed, we then have in ‘this rod a profoundly tnscientinc instrament for which science affords. not the least theory of such action as claimed for it, and. which possesses the peculiarity of being absolutely subject to. human con- rol, and subject to very_minute—almost imperceptible, muscular movements of the operator. So ru is all this, hat a, real arent test of the divining ‘rod is impossible. be- cause its every movement is subject to the ‘movement of the hands of the operator. ‘The first two illustrations, Figs, 1 and 2, are “from” photographs "showing the (Biter Eredence ti Pure toe Rept Depend "Upon the’ Bie ‘rhe fy cies ot Today. ‘Se operation of the rod. The divining rod is gt a forked twig. ‘It may be held. in the hands’ in various ways, but the manner shown in the illustrations is typical of the “dowser's” ‘practise. This is the name given those who practise with this. instru- Ment. It will be Seen in the first {hat the end of the rod points upward, and jn the second cut itis pointing down- wards. Even if the photographs of the hands ‘ainutely studied, practically no change in their position can" be seen. but thet Position was changedthey did’ move, a fhe motion of the rod was entirely duc to Fea beret Even sh te Sig Oa Bae eo, SE fgets ieee by eng We Hane vat Seng ae Be ere ndnea Mae Son 3 Eats Ske the voluntary action of the person photo- Braphed under the direction of the author, fhe ‘action of the divining rod is based on mechatical movements. which analyze bout as follows, if we use some. simple experiments To the center of a lead pencil, Fig. 3, a paper index may be sce paste. 33 Shown. If the pencil is held in the io itands horizontally, the index may be mage to wave up and down by the very slight Motion of Singer ‘and thumb. “Tecan be rotated so as to make the index move wp find down exactly ay does the {ree end of the divining rod.” The motion of the finger and thumb is easy to see because of the frge diameter of the pencil. TF for the pencil, we substitute an iron wire, Fig. 4, the motion of the fingers and Tits Fequted {0 prodace the same rae {ion will be less, altho. quite” perceptible. Now take apiece of wite and tend it a5 shown in Fig. 5, holding it in the two fhands as iMastrated in thersketch ‘A slight downward pressure on BB, or an upward pressure at act, will move its bent end. Cy fp. The reverse pressures will produce the Feverse effect If the bent portions of the ‘wire are exactly in line with cach other, E pham by fhedted ne, no eee on C will be produced by the changes of pres: fire just described” If now, the bent rod is grasped between 4 and B), 25 shown ta thelustrations of the real rod (Figs, 1 and 2) and eld ite Joos, an almost imper fzpiible motion of the hands wil operate the rod. pet Tf, instead of grasping the wire loosely itis cginy hela, and if ie clatic, 3 wl ‘work sill beter, “Again we may aftach a3 fedex toa raigin Glee fod ore iting needle, and by bending it stighuy Inthe Slenched' bands holding inthe te will be found! to, be astor- iShingly sensitive to the smallest imaginatle motions The elasticity of the rod plays a definite art i maing he otiaat of the aod Practically imperceptible. Now, going fo the rod at Figs 1 and 2 there we Have the. ends bent outward "as in. oo Fig $. ‘The wood is highly clastic and the slight movements of the hand, which wool! scape’ any but the closest observer, wll fause the ends of the rod to move up oF down exactly aa the operator desires. ‘While the divining red has been and stil (Continued on page 119)Is Electrocution Humane? By JOSEPH H. KRAUS E have often won- ‘dered whether oF hot electrocition really” causes. the ans: physical pain ormental distress, From facts obtained from persons who iad been shocked by lectricty, we. learn {hat they experience a most exeractating tor Whether this ap- \ electsic N route, has been more or fess & matter of conjeccsrs. = Edward Anthony Spitska, probably the great ext living authority on clee- frocutions, ‘would’ convince se that the erie mes of applying ‘capital psi then is by far the. most irumane eotirse for any State to pursue. Years of micro. ‘examinations oY te ‘and'merves of the = dual failed to show the “tightest indseation of eres destruction im the brain. In ‘only 2 few out of mambcrs of cases, has Dr. "Spica nth the train which has been tntcr= preted by him, and cticrs Working” along “the same Feld, as being dve to an cles trolytic action which caused the plasma of fg cont of the blood to be electso isa converted t0 2%, which "gas" past thra “the walls offa blood vessel, snd wwas found as large, ligt, ound areas in the grey sat” ter of the brain itself. Death ‘often occurs Jon before the heart stops beat: ings it having. proved tat the heart of every human being’ will continue to beat for'a considerable time after the actual death of the ine dividual. ‘Thus beat pro- duces a slight murmur” of- tem heard in the physician's x and is 221d to be due, to the “animal heart” of the individval, “An anic male heart, we all knoxe, will, bat oF continue to’throb even after it has been fFemoved from the body of the animal, {Placed in proper solttons advantageous salt in, water called ” physiolonic Stine ton. ve The fact that not even a union be- Is Death via the Electric Chair Instanta- ‘Acjual Photo % i Rier Hating Passed ra een Seregped Into ‘Ths, Chat of the OF Pot an Electrolytic Action Liber ‘Sxyeen Has Penevated Tora BREE CE White Botha tween two nerves of a nerve and a cell hhas been destroyed by the tremendously Powerful shock proves that death is prac teally instantaneous, ‘Such nerve destruc tion ‘could obviously. be seen under a ‘microscope, but up fo the present time it hhas not been found in spite of man's most yam: Re Tile Siete ‘Lenton Ever Discovered be Bios. extensive researches ultra powerful microscopes, Teisrather easy to com pute ‘the difference in Speed) Of nerve: impulses ‘orelectrial stimulation: figures with those Mifeating the peed of le We hive show tiny ti is done ye ana he ain presente ff herewith. For produc J) ivgive shocks. Sondaryis weed, Lea ie secondary pass to pote double-throw "here thay ea y iced to is of small bare wites Sat stance apart from tach other Th order to mene the velocity of propagation 0 Zn Impulse drwa nerve, the astrocnemius masele-of fou i prepared, leaving & long page of the sciatic nerve attached. ‘The muscle is fate {ned 10 one end of @ fu rmed Tever, the other end Of whieh Bs held fm contact Sith the “rapidly” moving Tarlace of a revolting dean, Sonstiating stylus The Sortie gk the dram is ‘onted with paper previously itackeued. of smoked. ‘Wienever there is on- twaction of the muscle due {(3'Gn electrical stimulation Of ihe merve, a record. will ine produced 8. the moving Solace scien th the primary of. the. induction SOUS atime marker, re- Sembling to a very great © grainy clectie the exception of mage Hce the “circult breaker and ne Onreet eS era a faced When, non i et ees te hen, now the key inthe primary ci ct is closed, ¢ current is duced sn the Secondary. of the cof practically mstanta: neounly: At the same tes the fine marker produecs 2 veral notch on the ramly Fevolving “surface. “Tracings see ‘now {ken of the contraction frst when the double pole switch iethrewn fn sacha way that the nerve a. ie ie ed a eee Bt Nerve tn Seation Te termined,New Rotary Steam Motor : N engine has been built—the fiat successful Rotary Sica Engines whieh “promises an red. in ity manufacture and in {iced in its operation, “It'was i= ented and. perfected by Fras Ac Bannon, of Dallas, Teva ‘Army officers, civilian engineers apdoers were invited ee the fst test, which was perfect, its claimed, ‘The engine did all that was expected of i and more. The small motor, no lager than Me. Baron's hat, was put’ on the brake, test and it developed over 17-horse-power! ‘Another and larger engine. was immedi- ately buit, “Tt weighed. about 600. pounds, yas 24 inches ‘high 18 inches in width and Boing ends ahd whet at 0 founds steam” pressure, developed. more than 73-Horse-power on the rake tet Other engines of ‘varied sizes, and de- Th d for various uses, were built, 20 that Soon Ar. Bannon ‘had ‘perfected’ engines from i-horse-power to 500-horse-power and with a range of speed of from the very A Left external VI | Borete Sarees ok Steam Engine, the Gap | Esse Sols sree Bae asta flonest movement to more tha 3500 revo- ie br te Bren decried, the ‘amon Rotary sea Motor het ery cacy srg and iu epatetion ere i sed cab ab “one he materi’ os hd cale gle af wh ae horsepower compacinaefetr a sting So ou Wade inal afd itor Satie 'is Soe tration Wa alba Sing fn oundains fanied aad Gna et tert ing ae ton Keyl the dee tat Cccetie pon epee" eke shal, feat ing gic, wich operate th Mechs forming soiact wat the penkery Flying As A Coming LYING thry the aig, a fas Sport that "has thrilled mi veers uot the worl, ll Shor ome poplar, owing to the foresight o Several aireraft builders, who ave devoted thelr efforts to the manufacture of & small, Imoderate priced. “Sporplane, at "comes within the reach of manor "woman of Moderate means $2,000 is the average price of the Sport- plane, and the operating cost per hour for Fuel is" GD ‘cents; wheteas’ the large. air= planes” sell from’ $8000 upward, withthe {erating cost Tor fae avraring S330 pet ‘The Sportplane will require a building or hangar 25 feet wide by 20 feet deep by 7 feet high to: house it when not in use For the city man or surburbanite who may find time to fly only on week ends there ie no need. to erect the hangar mentions above, since with ten minutes’ work, one eran can remove, the Your wings trom Ihe body and Keep the Sportplane 4a shed 5'fect wide by 20 feet deep and 7 fect high. Reattaching of the wings to body in prep- aration, for. fight” will require | twelve minutes’ time, also a one man's job, no Assistance heing. required, and since there are no turnbueldes to tighten, no bolts and fnuts' used, there is no danger’ of loosing any parts, since all pins, ete, are attached orate ‘wings by’ small chams and ‘cannot 1 Tost She, motor used in the Sportplane is a special "21 HLP. two. cylinder-air-cooted, simple and easy to ran and very reliable Boca haachines Vet Bisigned and About Bde hatte by Uses in ene Sport Sheed We as tae Bs re 1082 of the piston, These three simple moving | Parts are the heart and soul of the engi! nd any. man, whether a mechanic or not an quickly tar down and rebuild = Bannon" engine, because it fs s0\ simple and’ ely Snderstood, ‘On the shaft of the two-cylinder engine there are two of these eccentric, pistons 180 degrees apart, which balances the shal perfectly and. eliminates all possibility of thrust on any ‘bearing. surface, Anotber Sarling' thing out the. engine st there is positively. no reciprocating actin to overcome. and’ consequently no" loss ef Samy anit while alays expe faced in overcoming the reipracal action of shidewalve engines, “The simple and elementary laws of me- chanics have been employed thus for the frst time'in steam engines. The princine of he fever is employed by having. the Steam expand against a revolving eccentric Diston in’auch a manner that the leverage of the piston greatly multiplies the stea cneray. ‘This Rotary engine is not at all like turbine, inasmuch as the turbine derives ie ower trom the Kinet energy of the steam, while the ‘engine operates on steam expansion, and i will start off with, any foad’that it"will carry subsequently; this 2 fepbne was never known to don Oy 1 Rotary engine can ‘be manufac for less than cone-hfth. the cost of any ther engine of the same horse-power and can be Sid af a\eat saving t,he sa ies putting. & “in uae—for insteoee a Rotary engine costing $500.0 wil ered petiormance any olher "engine $0000 or more, because of the wide ‘of speeds and the very high speed that it { {5 capable of developing. "No, belts are r= Guired. with this engine, for the engine can | {be coupled. directly to’ the fine shaft and | {his wil do, away” with slipping ‘belts and the waste of energy thus oceastoned. The Rotay engine works Langer on each pai of steam than any other engine, for Smpulse drives the shaft three-fourths of evolution, and. as there are two. impel ber revolution in each eylinder'an overlap Of 90 degrees always rests Sport Its logation at the forward end of the plane erp ready aonment ihe. pare Easily obtained ‘at most any ageney, wl ste located ail over the United. States, ‘The landing speed of the Curtiss is 38 miles an hour, whereas the Sportplane. wil End at 28 miles at howe This Seance permits the uve of a small field, quod st Tot or wide roadway, from whch the ‘ew plane may fy from Or alight pos ‘with perfect safetyPortable Electric Conveyor To secure economical operation and reater efficiency in handling material, labor nust be supplanted by machines, and’ these lected which are best adapted for the par and Gontrotier Boe oriwing. the sem I TE sti match eo a oe er Waele corepor geraca P aa ‘ereiving hoppers: ee att es Pear ae eer oven aon Te oe: ieee Seemann eae coe ‘niterial onto fhe carrying bell instead of lifting it up by shovelfuls into the feeding hoppers of ordinary conveyors. The figure shows a°19-foot inch length scoop con- veyor with a IGsinch width of belt and driven by 2 H.P. electric motor. "AS may: be seen from owe ‘illustration the Scoop ‘conveyor. is Strengly constructed, ek in igh, compact and portable. "the sed Frame holding. the elle tre and conveying belt is ountedon the: wheels fo the balance ts perfec, oe ae ern thespipe Handles ito the nde of the ‘horizontal members, ean easily Hit find move: the: machine The ‘tectre motor oF gasoline engine outed snder the frame transmits power {othe conceyor by means of a chain and Sprocket connection tora, shaft extending ieneath the conveyer. From a sprocket of the other end of this shaft the power tum ‘is transmitted to the driving sprocket, located st the upper end of the conveyor. ‘The carrying bel ea high grade’ of heavy: duce and rubber conveying’ belt and deck cfose stipe These atsverse Cleats fre provided to prevent the material from Sipping back down the incline The scoop Sonveyor ig, made in three dierent sizes, FEE Go Band 24. The: width of the ng helt may be either 12" oF 16" Now the Flying-Bicycle M. Paulain, a French cyclist of note, recently: won the fying-bicycle contest held ‘on the Longehamps race track, near Paris, France. ‘The photograph, shows the designer and his odd craft; modeled closely on the lines of the familiar airplane ‘Avbieycle, an_upper wing, and a lower wing and, sipporting strats and stays male Borie ’Atvettes a8 the pec Outi ‘The feet working the pedal wheel at rect speed “supplics ‘the "ative power (ter speeding along on a level streteh for Some distance sufieient apecd is obtained toreiue the machine to rte the ait and sail along thru space, until motive power ‘weakens. A’ distance of 40 Teet is easily tiated ‘with, the “Afvette, which pro vides lot of sport, Subway Tracks Wear Fast recent issue of New Yorks ene tie saway Journal “Toe Sub Se Epublshed now and: then by the i chore "Rapid. Frans Company. ais ‘aiine anoncey there recently appeared ‘mintereating are forthe edtcaion of We aubway Satraphanger's brigade and Alp the Sacueey” the following interesting Trmation resarding the rapid wear on formerly Editor of “The Subway Sun” ‘subway is the safest railroad. in M4 world, and we keep it safe. One thing, ‘example—steel rails. The life of a jway express track rail is about three is, one-third being replaced each year. js done at night. Such rails on the big een railroads last about ten years. On rp abvay curves we replace eile uk ninety” days. 2 "We have been using about 38 miles After 3 moaths on City Hall Loop HoTws PRE Hagoene 9 8 flew, York Sam. Say Ran Anse BMeathet Sevics on SI Sep. 1083 icanradic yam: (3.000 tons) of the best ‘open hearth’ sail 2 year on the subway, and about 30 miles ore on the elevated. | Subway rails. cost $80 a ton in 1914, but they cost $47 2 ton ‘And the accompanying illustration, cop- ied “from ‘our estimable contemporary, shows iehat happens to one of the Inte bore’s choice steel rails after three months’ service on the City Hall loop of the New It's a wonder some genius doesn't awak- fen to the fact that for half a century we hhave had the same old story when it comes to car rails. There ought to be a way of minimizing the wear, especially on loops ‘or curves, such as by providing auxiliary Trails against which wheels on the side of the car could bear as the train negotiated the curve or loop, et cetera. There ought to be another way of designing the rails ‘and improved methods of hardening them. ‘Why not make them hollow and bigger?Records Sound on Piece of Tape HIS invention pertains to a new means for recording sounds and. provides a sound recording apparatus, which while exceedingly simple and inexpensive i onstruction, is highly efficient in recording sound vibrations on a strip of celluloid or ‘other material and seh asthe re faithfully brought out. In furtherance of this idea Mr. Christian Moore, the inventor and patentee, provides the. arm ‘aim and is inclosed which fatter is adjustably fixt upon the arm thru the medium of set screw, as shown in the iMlustration. “From this it follows that the resistance coil with its case may be ex tiously" and. casily Gxt in an’ adjustbe tanner on the arm of the stylus lever and | renee the position of the resistance coil ear tive to the atylus may be nicely varied, se cording to the extent to which it fs dese {o'heat the stylus in order to produce te best recording ‘results on the material of ‘which the strip or body Js composed. Manifestly, when the switeh fs closed and current ig sent thru the convolution of the resstance col the Hing willbe ese Snd in that way ‘will be adequately” adap to accurately fecord ‘sound vibrations” co or ima strip of body of celluloid oF oer ‘materia ‘sufable tothe purpose. Tt wil aioe ready cen tha by manipulating the switch, or lae a rheostat that the oper tor is enabled to quickly and easily vary the! eating of the siya and i that Produce. the’ best results in the record Prati Tt will further be noted that inasmuch ag the resistance cofl is carried ina cae Sdapted fo be handicd as a unit the rest nc col and ite cave may be ekpediiosty nd casily Bxt upon and as readily move ‘onthe stylus lever when occasion demands "The machine, as here shown, 1s provided with current-regulating.eheostat, aloo ‘lec: {ric motor for pulling record tape past the Sylus and ‘winding it upon drum "at Tete A suitable needle resting on the moving {ape and following the record groove therey Sarserves to actuate a data ithe usual ‘manner and thus gives a reproduction of Hons, lcs in the fact that the record in the form of a sliding film or tape is practically ‘unbreakable, which is not the case with the present form of ‘record. ‘Thousands of Words cae recorded on thin and ma row celluloid tape and reeled up in the same manner as motion picture films.” ‘Thes@-reels ‘can then be mailed of transported otherwise q Wind Substitutes Ordinary Door ENRY H, CUMMINGS, a Boston ‘inventor, has devised a clever scheme for wind to take the place of the ordi nary door for the purpose of preventin ‘ain, snow, flies and other insects from en= tering stores and offices, ete.. This invention 4s commonly known as'the “doorless door” and consists of a constantly lowing ai eur~ Feat produced by means of a motor-driven fan, situated below or behind a grill in the entrance to the premises and is arranged to raw "the ‘current of air‘ downward: fom per portion of the door entrance. ‘The te ether eried thea a dust or take to's hhood above the door and is next discharged downward, thereby creating a complete [a eycle Tt is a proven fact that when a quarter of hotae-power motor driver’ a Tosinch fan, whieh is connected witha. duct nine to'iwelve inches i diameter, which prov Slact's Current of tic tnder appronmaatly © Binch’ water” presstre, a person. standing in the doorway will nt notice the carrent However, the current thus obtained ie sulficent to keep out insects rain, sn00" Shit air. “Any store or ofhce: cqupt' with 3 Goorles door wit finda remarkable in: rease in business, resulting from its use hd etter sk it costs but favo cents per url Mfhis is indeed 4 great boon to trade and will undoubtedly. find rreat popularity Inthe business worl inasmuch a i 8 Simple in construction and is cost of main- tenance low. Besides being an effective sarin eae ec a and.‘snow this smply_cone iructeddorieas door is of Hea and eat, appearance, thereby actually inviting cos” see te Hore Moe Zimmer makes "its - debut, ihundreds "ofthese dooress doors wil be pat into oper ton; and Awl ot be wal ite iat is real” vae will be teuly realized,—for no door serving its purpose as well as it does, can be 2 nominal cost and effect such excellent results, And. no Tonger ‘will this cleverly de- vised ingect and rain barrier be considered 'a new and novel contrivance, for it will be 30 extensively’ utilized’ that it ‘will be considered. as nothing ‘unusual. ROSE HARRIS. 1084 ‘had for such americanradiohisiNEW ELECTRICAL DEVICES BATTERY SEARCHLIGHT FLASHES BEAM 100 MILES. For use by repair departments in locating nd repairing trouble on pole lines, in man holes and for trench work, a Boston con: cern i'mow making the portable balery Scarchtight shown i the accompanying ik istration. This ts 8 self-contained search light operated hy’ a storage battery, which 15F stl a size as to permit the use of the lamp continously for 2/4 hours and much longer when burned at different times. ‘The ‘amp is mounted on the adjustable bracket ie shown, which makes it posstle to divest where needed. The lamp hay a fh adjustable focus with single shell ih of a recent pliotometer test_| im. gave 48300 beam candle Under ordinary conditions the lamp. | to throw ite rays.a distance of 2000 fect, and for signaling purposes the beam ‘cam be seen a much longer distance ‘The maker points out that the battery lean he ‘charged trom any' direc)” current ing remedies, cither in liquid oF soli fo asalso the cosences or perfume of flowers ing’ cot id Very “Desir For “enting the AIT. FUmigating. Sick "Room is all that is necessary to obtain an {nsfuntaneous purifeation of the Brem pure water cat be wilized. fo ti prose of making the room fresh "Tie vapors thus produced constitute a mover healing process and have Soothing and healing efect m coughs, old im the head, hoarseness, asthma nd influenza, and are also most efteat ous in the treatment of tubercdlar Sifcctions, These iabalations. are ine deed much more in advance of the usual ‘oil and water syringes in cases tris ns, de tothe fae tat they require all gases evalved to come bine wth the atmosphere. an ths the purified afe willbe drawn into the siallest Branches ofthe. bronchial. tabes, his remarkable air puri important dse, and that is for the dise nlecion” and. elimination of all bad ‘odors from sick ‘rooms, bedrooms, damp. floors, ‘ables, ete, This atomizer consists of a rubber cup ito wich the desired liquid ts placed and ‘porized) and is mounted on. a. freproof Ike Teis made with brass, nickel or sive ‘ecuton, and. always ready for use, it ising necessary” to. only connect the’ cord ‘a plug arrangement fnchided with the out= It ay cletrie socket, thereby” {ura attory. Searchlight Welghing out "8 the electric current’ for vaporization, ong! luminous gas is thrown off with such violence it seems possible that the electrified particles may be projected much farther. ‘That such disturbances as these affect the weather on the earth has been believed for t 1086 ‘Would be Bent Around the Harth in This Manner many years, and ye mo one has’ ever: dis ‘covered what the con fection fe. The sun Spots which ‘are aly Srmed’ at these pcr Ode of solar’ acthit the “earth magnetic eld Th Einspots are, the mor cable are th ations in th farts magnetic Bele This ecaton is quit marked and has ‘bee Htudied “for nea Seventy-five veara. E"also evident tha Sunspots cause or az Eompany magnet Gsturbances “on th Sam which Sree iense enough fo read the earths The ‘mor fecent contribution ¢ thes discussion "a to ‘whether sunspot attect the earth Weather "or “not ha een ‘made dy" Elle worth Huntington. of this" country, "wh Ends some interesting, relations which Sug ft the ouaiiy of Some unkown 35 also "avagests an “explanation of problem which has long Puled. scientist. She as to why. the earth Ws relatively co when the Sum is relatively warmest. Of course the temperature of the Ss does not vary greatly, but jt has long bec observed ‘that ‘Sunspot ‘activity “and” othe distance on the son fe to a maximes nd fall again to a. minimum every eleve fears. Tees at this period. of maxitnna Activity that the Sun gives off more he than at any other times At the same that the" earth is relatively cooler ‘than ‘usea! hig a seeming contradtion but, Hern ingron sugxeats that this inereased ‘heats of te ‘ean’, atmosphere causes a ir rease in ite cireulation, and hence ‘mate! {Seem as Hf the earth were cooler. Ther it So the: possibilty Wat there may" ther agencice at work of which: we iow fothinge and. hia is more. marked it forthe study of the sunspots themselvc “Our. atmospheric. More. are prisvarih areas. of low barometric. pressure. wine] ‘cep Serose the country, ad thege areas ‘Continued on pose 1144) Buk, Inge "rnree ‘round the Sunape ietha Guar Onin terse Mare Bctive fe"bs Tauencing: the Wenther on the Earn”MOTOR HINT A “LOW GASOLINE” ALARM Second Prize $15.00 fer cunning out of and chilly night, and walking many weary miles, the author has since used a device hich ‘gives warning about fh miles “this side of dry tank tis very simply made as follows: Re- move the 8 line shut-ofl salve from the gas tank. Solder a piece 7 (like that used for gas I end of the valve, 50 it will project into the tank about one inch, as shown in the iMlustration.” Then replace the valve and connect the gas line as before ‘This: little tube raises the outlet level, In drawing "A" showing the ear, with this deviee, the carburetor begins to “spit” at long intervals many’ miles before the tank’ is empty. ‘The’ intervals become Wie porate, ee See ea Ri Eee Liite sradually shorter until the engine actually ope, bat by this time a gasoline: supply it have peen found OF cour thi ea # applicable only to gravity feed systems. jhe author used it on a Ford ear ‘Two optional ideas are shown in draw- ings nd.C, for other low gasoline alarm schemes. For cats. fited with a. gssol ibe or, dal on the daub. the Usher own in B will prove valuable, ‘The prece pipe is added snside the “gas” tanke and dat toa height corresponding to 3 one~ S,tgegalon level "at shown” Thus ‘Then the gasoline supply indicating needle Keging ton fate, the atin wi now fat invariably his gasoline has. reached "e low level: “The scheme shown at C is adaptable to 18 having no gasoline gage. Tt may save fot of ‘wearisome walking along, dark ads when the gasoline happens to give gat’ an unexpected” moment, which, st assured, happeys t0 many others "be: des those in fove’ Tn the scheme shown at C, a pipe feeds he gasoline. thr the line in he. usual “This feed pipe should be fitted the valve memcr in the me, At the fower end of is pipe a tightly ted shell, pipe or ther member, which can, however, be id up. and down with a hitle pressure ‘A Wwive handle ie soldered or otherwise ached to this “slidable” tube and are inged to come directly under the filling in the manner shown. Normally, the able tube is kept in ite lowest postin, wvering. the emergency feed holes in the right tube, ted NORMAN B, TAYLOR $50.00 IN PRIZES Paid for “Motor Hints." say number of them have made pprovements on tim ca We ‘Wha “ee wane are PRACTICAL eas, aot rca “tonta The idea should be Sipe enous cha anyon, tay with FIRST PRIZE. $25.00 $0" Revces rubmiued. should fet be font, opt About, one bandied, oy Siaotte Hine, NON-SLIPPING FAN BELT Firat Prize $25.00 All autoists know what it means to have the fan belt fail to toen the fan. Tn some ages it results in ruining the engine, ‘This. device was placed on a Ford fan belt ich wat st oon that 0 would jump the pulley. ‘The tightener here de~ Serf, ad the Belt fant fo te. center of the pulley sand after haying been run oatinuously for 18 hours, We was stl as Ficient as at the stare. "As is evident, this device can be easily Be tomping, TG Boe, Cue 22 ‘ected byw Su Provider tor'Us & applied by making two brass or iron fasteners with hooks to clamp over the tulges of the belt—setting the clamps. with hhooks about two inches farther apart than, the Tenth ofthe ‘spring. Tis causes a tension on the belt at all times and takes Uupvall the stretch that may manifest t= elf in the belt. Thus it prevents the he from slipping. regardless of how far the Thet itself may stretch. This statement 1s made from actual and thoro tests Contributed by P. H. DE ROCHEMONT. MOVABLE HEADLIGHTS FOR CAR Thied Prize $1000 The accompanying sketches show how the movabie headlight sestom cae plied "to" your" automobile: "Figure sows the contrast of two automobiles passing each other on a sharp ‘curve 0 {he roid’ The one with stationary head Tights B, docs not throw light on the in Se -of the road, which might cause an ccident; while the other ears Clam tates the inside of the roads ae wel asthe Outside and tends to eliminate’ accidents While “driving. at night.” As the. front Theels turn the lights slso turn, and if the cat is running straight ahead the lights wi ao chine i shat recon "qure "D" shows the parts necessa for the construction ‘of ‘these "movable headlights, and "E™ shows these parte a5- fembled. Tihustration “* indicates, how the steering and. moving! connected ‘Contributed by FRANCIS J. LORENZ, she system is TO KEEP THE WINDSHIELD FROM CLOUDING A very good method to keep the wind- shield from clouding is to rub a half and hhalf mixture of kerosene and glycerine on the clouded surface of the glass. A small bottle of this mixture tightly corked and put ina half-pound baking powder can with some waste for packing. Carry this along in the car and when it begins to rain pour a little of the mixture on the waste. and rub over the damp or wet portion of the glass. The mixture causes the water to spread over the glass and not in little drops, which are hard to see thru. Contributed by ROY R. BARNES.Home Mechanics Conducted by WILLIAM M. BUTTERFIELD A Soiled Clothes Cabinet VERY useful soiled clothes cabi- net and stand which can be used in the modern utilitarian and deco- ative fashion, is here shown. It is ‘easily made, being fastened and put together with screws. ‘The height is 32° with 2 12” square bottom, and it can be made as shown of without these decora: ive features. A slanting front will be ad~ visable for the purpose of keeping. the door closed. Any kind of 34” lumber ean be used. ‘The fastening screws are 27x34" with Dutton. heads. Ail the. cleats ‘will hold better if held. with screws as indi- cated, ‘the cleats being ¥4° thick with serews 1°x3/16" in size Ebony finish, or mahogany stain with hard’ oll finish’ isa" good treatment for this article of furniedre Window Sewing Cabinet ‘The device shown at the top of the next column consists of a frame Biting the inside of'a window and four drawers to contain Sewing, knitting, embroidery or other Similae' material The frame also serves he Buller Mey ‘Have ‘Artasbie Phe Author Saggerts the Use of S¢° ‘Wood, Sus the Cabinet “WR Serve Te Parpose Suey Buck god Door Are the part of wind shield when the window sash is partly raised. It is made of eight pieces (Seven of them 14" lumber, one 14" umber)" nailed together so as to form a top. hottom, back and four openings for the'grawers, Each drawer ie made by St nailing together the sides, to which a bot- tom is fited and nailed in place. Then a front piece of thicker wood is fastened screws put in from the inside of the drawer as indicated-—using "(lumber fog the frame, 3/16" for the bottom and ME" for the front, Brass screw knahs are sed Tor pull, these Serewing inva the ‘2 suggestion for an orderly dispo- sition of sewing materials, etc. we show hiow spools of thread, darning cotton and the like may be strung on wire rods and then held: in slots made in extra wooden pieces on the inside of one or more of the Grawers. The thread or cotton can be unwound from the spindles thus made without removing them from the drawer; thus, a whole spool can be exhausted, a5 Here 10 0 Very Uselal Window Sewing Cabinet Wea he Roane We taste Can Boh Pea Qa "Pieces of Wood, The Knobs, for Uh cheat Pee hos BP a tachi Beary Gt ne ‘Fhread. Spools Ave. Supported, and Eosbling fo Unres! Ay Bented, Calor of gam 8 Spogl Without Moving it He ace in crocheting, without taking the spool from the rod, oF the drawer from the frame, the latier being for the time only part way open. Tabouret, Table or Foot Stool A very easy way to ‘make a tabouret, window table or even a durable foot stool Is''shown below. When these articles fare made from the same sized top and bottom pieces, the difference in each being a question of length of legs, itis desirable to'saw out all three tops and all three hottoms in two operations, each group hheing tacked "together with long “nails driven thru the wood in the corner parts that are to be removed "he be al ‘ge , saw aloud be used, fle lowing ‘pencil lines ruled onthe oper piece of cach group. ‘These pieces should be 12” square at least, and 1942 to 1/3" thick The legs should’ be square. with sides. and fu) with the cop and, bat fom’ pieces, 317 long for table, 16" for tabouret and’7" for foot stool The screws, (SiG) are put in as indicated. Mahogany ‘stain with hard-oll ish will give the mission effect, best nd fo pieces of furniture of this char: Photograph Frame To make a photograph frame that will stay put, and one that will have a smooth. solid’ appearance and will be easy to put {ogether, is an ambition prevalent with a very large sumber of people at the end of every. summer season. Here isa scheme that will satisfy this desire. in the form of a frame for ths fayorite snap-shots obtained in the moun- tains or at the seashore. The plans are ally applicable to any size oF any’ shat oliphotomihe choice betog withthe maker fhe frame employs. a kind \of passe partout process in which the glass “ig ar Inost entirely covered by. thick card: Boar ack an front pice which, ave a in turn covered with an ornamental paper. eretor silk or velvet, paper ‘The figures at the bottom of the figur show the cardboard parts, the glass. and fromt pieces, beitg one sizes The Mew atthe feit shows. these parts place, ‘while the section of the hack the righ) ilinrates how the ter is frst glued round the front opening Well ag\the method of gluing at the had) when brought round the glass and: care: hoard. ‘This view also shows the posit of the cloth backing” andthe cardbus Sand whichis lued 10 the backing 2Home Electrics By G. L. HOADLEY, M.E. fees as a general rule than the other employes. “There are several reasons ein, antes He thera pice, 1, work is light and” women can compete th'men; second, skilled labor is not Fee HE meter readers of the.average ‘operating supply company are. paid 16.1 Reading #989 KW-ATS. le Read the Meter Shown Above, Write Down Piapres’ Indicated by rt FIG.2 ured; third the, work, is cay Jearmed ‘any ‘person. of ordinary intelligence Phe Chast of help obtainable under these ronditions i, generally speaking, untrained, inexperienced, not very conscientiogs, not rety accurate and temporary. Public Ut ty Commissions have found, after careful Brestigation that the average householder gised a rule in Kicking about hia ntl Most operating concerns maintain a food-sized adjustment bureau for t fomers. Problems in Reading Meter Tettoigeo, ete, Over «Dist Tnsieste BE Vane ef One! Conptete "Revelation atthe Dia" Bast. Reading the Household Electric Meter sca of this unfortunate condition of affair itis highly important that the house- folder should Tearn how to read the watt. hour meter. “To the average housewife, a watt-hour ameter is somewhat of mystery itis a thing she has & wholesome respect for, and pee haps fears’ as swells. and accordingly ‘she holds aloof from it. She isnot at all anxious to get another shock, sich as ahe expert fenced some htle time ago perhaps ftom the Electric washing-machine, oF possibly from the Bathroom hsture However, the meter will not give any one a shock ordinarily, unless the cover 13 removed. Neither is the principle on which Woperates so very mysterious, In reality it inothing bat alittle motor with a clock sd mechanism connected to the motor shait. Now, any adult person can read the time By The clock eat as any et ere aps not quite as_simple to read. a. walle Hour meter ou woul not want i ‘gow that you could not tel the time of day the, clock; you ought to. be able to read Just as readily your electric meter and other meters that shay be in your house. ‘There area large number of watt-hour meters of different shape, size, appearance, Etc, but the majority of them have four dials as shown in Fig. 1. The dial on the fight reads in units; the next one over to the left reads in tens; the third one over reads in hndreds; and the one on the left feats in thousands, When the hand of the dial on the right makes one complete revo. ation, it passes over 10 unit divisions and is at Zero. again, As it reaches 0, the sec~ fond. dial moves up ‘one’ division, and ‘the Tegister now reads'l fen, of 10 units. Cone Sider now the second” dial. Suppose i makes one ‘complete. revolution. it has covered ten 10s oF 100 unit divisions, and the third dial moves up one division of the hundreds scale equal to 100 unit divisions A complete revolution of the third. dal thand from the right will move the hand of the fourth dial up one division and regis- ter 1,000 unit divisions. To read the meter Shown in Tig. 1, write down the figures indicated by the dial hands in order from left-to-right as _follows oF ts fons, Since the kilowatt. four is the unit indicated by the resister, the meter reading is 4989 kilowatt-hours. Sources of Error Do not take it for granted that the figure nearest to the dial hand i always the Mahe Tending of the dia In reading 4 clock, for Example, you would not read the hon a8 Setcock the minute hand was on V a8 shown in Fig’ 2, even if the hour hand nearest to 1X. So, Fig. altho the left Ripa dial Undictor cortcaponding. tthe hhdur Hand, of the clock, ie nearest fo 8, you fhust frst took atthe next dato the rght (Corresponding to. the ‘minute and) “and See Te 'hae passed 0." haart, hence, our left-hand dial reading is 4 instead of Bio hich it spparently points. In gene fal, then, if the hand of the next lower dial as fut competed a revoltion, the and of the higher dial has past the fur bits f the hand of the next lower dia hag Bot compicted.a revolution, the. hand. of the higher ial should be read a8 having 1089 americanradic nnot reached that figure, even tho it toward that figure. ‘Another precaution which should be talen in reading meters is to always check the feading. The hands on adjacent dials revolve. in. opposite direction, and. it is Quite easy to mistake the direction of rotae tion of the dial hand and get a wrong read- CL ing. In Fig. 1, for instance, the dial on the Fight rotates clockwise; the di rotates counter-clockewise, etc ga check reading it is better to start with the fight-hand dial and. read from right (0 Telt, setting the figures down 9894, which, when read backwards, 4989, should ‘check wrth the rt readin ave ai. ferent types of meters may have dif- ferent markings of dil values” 18 oF 10s, 1000, ete, over a dial, as in Fig. the value’ of one completé revolution of the dial hand. Some types may have five dials, F1G.7 Reading 6889 Figs, 73nd. 8 Uostrate Two More Cases of Mis sca” analy, Which Wil ine the este’ Good Light of Power Meters Cr) 716.8. Reading 9499Popular Astronomy By F (any source of light be placed be tween the poles of a strong electro magnet “and the emitted light. be analyzed by an interference spectro ‘meter, it will be noted that the spec- tral lines emitted by the source are split Up into two of more components, differing inthe polarization of their light waves. This is called the Zeeman eftect. It is not too much to say that all that is known fof the nature and intensity of the general ‘magnetic field of the sun and of the spe- cal magnetic field existent in sunspots has been found out thru observations of the Zeeman elec, when presen in’ certain lines of the solar spectrum. This appears so far to be the one and only method available for the detection and. measure- tment of magnetism in the sun and a most Valuable agent it has proved to be at the Me' Wilson Solar Observatory, where in on: the Bo: recent years almost daily observations of the sun's general magnetic ell or of spe- cial magnetic fields existing in. i-spot fegions have heen carried on with great Since the Zeeman effect is of such supe criative value in detecting and measuring Solar magnetism we will consider brief iow these observations are made ‘at the Mel Wilzon’ Observatory. how the direc: tion and intensity of the Fines of force of ny solar magnetic Feld are_determined, and what conclusions have been formed up to the present time in regard to the nature and intensity of the sun. general Reld and of the intense magnetic fields found 'ALMIE. Wilson. observations of solar magnetism are being mate continuously ‘This is one of the many fields of research that. is being ‘thoroly” explored ‘at. this, reat vobeeratory devoted primary to ‘The 150 ft. tower telescope of the ob- ISABEL M. LEWIS, of U. S. Noval Obsersatory The Magnetism of the Sun servatory is used for, these observations Of solar magnetism. A coelostat mounted St ‘the summit of the tower reflects a beam of light from the sun to 2 second mirror from. which ‘itis reflected vere tieally downward to, an objective of 150 Fe focal length which. forms. an. image fof the sun about 1615 inches in diameter in the observing room at the foot of the tower. This image falls upon the slit of 2 spectrograph at a height of three feet above the floor and passing thru. the slit the Tight descends to a collimating. lens fof seventy-five feet focal length. which ts hounted near the bottom of @ well about eighty feet deep which has been excavated per heath the tower, Here exists the even temperature and undistarbed condition the atmosphere so vital to solar research of this nature Beneath thi tng i a large Michelson fyating of very” high revolving power {622 lines to the millimeter). After fal ing on this grating the light returns thru ARE cotati fet which now acts Sa amers objective and forms an image’ tite sofar spectrum on a plate mounted b sti the sft of the Sestrogran mone expostre'a. portion of the spectrum one ineter long fan be photographed “The polariing apparatus. which plays such 2 Fital part in'ail magnetic obserea: ns consists of Nicol prism builtin four sections sith’ a total length of 130 mmm. anda thickness of 8 mm. mounted Just above the sit of the spectrograph in 2 stationary position The effect of rotating the Nicol is brought about by means of half-wave oF quarter-wave plates, single or compound, 1090 M.A. used in connection with the Nicol and ad- ae I cmtieteacipment is, then, i the essential equipment for gbearvation of Sle etiam “and. with {photographic observations of magnetic elds: in'sun-spots or ‘other the solar surface are made on p every clear day at Mt Wilson. ‘The plates are later measured and. re duced and the results of the observation: follow from the mathematical eeductions which frequently involve long ‘and com: Plcated solutions "The Zeeman effect may be evidenced simply 28.2. widening ‘or a doubling of formal spectral lines oF a splitting up of nline. into. three or. more’ componen ‘Tne uaual form in which i is observed is hat of the Zeeman triplet, consisting. of 4 central line called the p-component, the normal position of the spectral line and two outer lines called the n-compon- ents, or the red and violet components, sprnmetvically" placed, on either "ste of the central component. When viewed’ along’ the lines of force of a magnetic held, the central component Of a Zeeman triplet is absent: (compon= ems of vibration parallel to the field pro. duce no’ radiation, since a magnetic Reld has no effect on a charged particle mox= ing parallel to the lines of force). discharge the connection fs ; it show chorge, reverse the on the battery. The expat is ‘uficient to chatgelan volt battery; Thave in fact pu vrce of them ia parallel it results, For the drive-T beat, tho either St with stable ‘TP being. cuficlemt © vc ost of the generators. “The workin Speca varies with the different males, som of them going as high as 2000 RPA, ‘The cost isnot prohibitive as one can aprchane ail thes parts im the seconds! Shops. an automobile: wrecking shop beta: the best Aly whole: se cost $873 "mam: Sleding the motor, whch T aly ase bo ty aml lathe and grinder A Motor Driven Pump Jack EREWITH are some drawings of a ump jack for use with an electric Fan GOT ich was a, parts Mtances “this will. work the pump slowly ‘enough without the necessity of a counter Shaft.” A jade of this sort ‘has, been tse for some time. pumping water for about ity head of livestock ‘Tug frame "Ei made of four pieces of 4x4" timbers bolted together at the Sommers. A'planke "MLB" ie used a: the ‘rotor base and is fastened Army in front ‘Of one of the crossepieces. The bearings Sre"of abhite metal and. cast im the ens of pipes P. P., which are. fastened tthe frame with iron clamps. The pipe for the main. gears should be Tong enough to: pro= Jct 'tfo. oF three inches past the frame so that a'box covered with un ar other water” proof material may be placed over the j {o°protect both motor ‘and belt from rain Shalt forthe large gear long enough to reach 2 inches besond the pipe may be ‘daained rom ‘slmost ane dear oma: hinery- supplies. “The pipe tor the smal fear and. shaft’ Gahich are suslly. made {none piece) must be rather small so as to allow for attaching to it a pulley, male | tip of several thicknesses of ‘thin boards Serewed together. These boards are cut round and bolted together solidly, care ke the grain of the wood By FLOYD C. WELSH run in diferent drectiocs. ‘The pulley thus iSred tytn soe othe dco Teorer geal owned onl cseunipartiorh Fae Gea ttl of'0 Bode oF eed wo hl orl oe en eae SPUR toga shaft “Phe ead of the woods: Boats a tte witha sean the oeaek worbaened eh the shal hy lampsnee a, Jaws opethet with twa bol. Re Eee tian ine damster ef the toltte be ted Tor sachin Whe eouecting Uae Bota fe de sthe® end of the erate shalt Beart deh eed Ste ca at wih ioek nat The lah oF steoke ct Tbe vamp toveglnted ‘ithe poms © She feo on ich the wang eae Ti this jack is property enclosed to teot the ater Bleed gen Hears PEs TF esired yted of suncing Oke walk. ing beam eiily othe purrs elt may be Freer ee Ramee the pony ahs sat ett the waking ea 98 ante Eeabe the beans to be Paced in posit Sate nebo ats Snes for ares ee ireedons of mation st tne perms handler Se stata fring a ie et eooe racnecoar. he Warp neverinclss Si Marup and don ih tach woo Te Constutly lubricated," “POMld Be RepMaking Microphotographs depends than drawings and to them if they are vay. A pectlise isthe in this branch of ‘phow tography 4 ree yae ee AM werent P: OTOS Fee eaERESERNSEREERET Maken with ie CAMERA Biiscatt ase Neccotary for ‘Carrying oh, Thi Work i Showa Abore By DR. E. BADE UCR OSCOPE. ne Seem Ha Arrungernemt of the Apperates round-bottomed flask. commonly used in chemical Taborstories. It is Blass; has a nearl spherical body anda long, nar The rly flak is ne filled with water 80 as ‘to leave. abc halt an iach of the neck filed the flask; place The Deperhen oF Fes | (isi Sotto Ly Sata fora, of ay devine are ote ld on anh se dep of ote opto ot ate Mente firiadl ameter i ott led ts gel, ego ce gud ede at ‘nicroscope, 2 camera box with bellows ex- ‘Ension of adequate length, with is ground dass, and pate Holder “Al thie ftshown 2° the cut. "Upon the photographic. table ere is an ordinary camera having double triple bellows extension, firmly fastened © a table, along with the microscope and Sectric light Unscrew te lens of the camera, of take the fens board. “Make a similar board ih’ a small hole about three-fourths of an diameter. Take a short strip of ight cloth, roll into a cylinder which rust large enough to ship easily over the Foscopic-eye-preee, and fet it be sewn ogether. This cylinder, which should be Bout three inches in length, is attached to Kelner side. of the board just made, 50 Bae it hts firmly and is light.tight a5 well Next a support for the microscope is to © provided. "The right height of this sup- fort is found by trial and then a small box P'made or procured and filled with weights b that it will not tip when the microscope P inclined’ in 2 horigontal position. Ane ther important detail is to. provide the Cop wi ome ind of. device which eles the base of the microscope rely to ye bow Tut before microphotos can be taken, Wiles. must be secured, These can either eBought or made. Sections of the tub- nes. to be photographed, that is. very din slices, are. eut- with. & razor blade Jhey “are treated with alcohol of 30: per int, AS percent, 60. per cent. strength, ined if deviged with cosines. and hn. iy’ ‘placed in 95 per cent. and then in abso- Ite ‘alcohol. The section should remain at fist “from one to, two hours in each alo: Si‘path.” Alter it has been placed in. ab- Mute alcohol, itis placed. in xylel, which tmoves all of the alcohol. and this sub- lance lightens and. hardens the object. ‘Ow comes the final step. ‘The object is carefully lowered upon the object anda Stight eight placed. upon it To prest out ny superfuous ‘balsam ‘Then the. side Should femain in 2 horizontal postion until ihe balsam has hardened ‘hen the slide hat been made ag beside, from it, Tei plac 1 stage of the microscope and clamped in place by the two springs Now took thru fhe microscope’ as usual and find the par- {colar section desired to be photographed. We thea been complished, place the microscope on the box, clamp i taht, and incline it $0. that fies Rorizomtal To the Canra en and ube the ard carrying the cloth cylinder, slip loth cylinder’ over the upper part of the microscope, and turn the subslage. mirror forone side: its not needed. Since etter photos ean be. made with jai than with sun Tight, and ince the artical tight. can be better regulated to" sait the picture on ‘hand, i has been found advisable to take such photos onl Anight. ‘The illumination is shways cone Sante i never varies from’ day to day therefore fewer pictures are apoied tu over- oF untlr-expoatire or enlargements up 10 180 di soswat lamp ie sifielen, |For larger d= meters itis advisable to take a nittogen- Bed Tarp of at least 78 watts, beter sti a 1odswatt lamp. Place the lamp in fine With the microscope and at least'a foot and That! away fromthe slide, Ti the lamp is placed too near the slide, it will heat the balsam, and if the balsam is not thoroly dry and hard, then the object and the cover lass will move and spoil the pitire. Tn order to: prevent the object andthe cover glass from moving, in-other words to prevent the balsam from becoming t00 fod’'s globilar bulb is inserted between the microscope objective andthe. source of ight. This lobular bulb may ‘bes 1093 w arnericanradic te tric gh bl Betare they seach the microscope. ‘This bulb will not only al orb a great part of the heat rays, But it ako concentrate and faces, ‘more Het Spon ‘the object glass and so throws, more Tighe thru iy this increasing ‘the illumi: the ground glass on the camera hat see uma gyn poste by igh antag thre the ictobape te ke Ge Poand gus out and begin Face se near eieethate art Tre bbtetotder When the fines fe"seen splat Gtoce hr the fea the abject Paar ea be abe Hoes. Theol conte, lone ith We whom ‘ice found an ie microscope The ob fet"cannot be" focused sharply anyother Tae teen dea sca a Se acai Sea ae ree SE of in ac tie elt eee Nata e ele caste tate cam eal oe ata Ebel he ten: an te ee Re eee transparent objects, taken with a low Se eee me an a ee a tae See oan slo of mies eben fond ones a at ee eetGlass Tubing Notes HE chap wi dabbles tn hemistrss and even the’ gear era jeer renter, is. likely. to Fd himselé quite fre: aientiy faced. by the tecessty of doin Some more or less di feale stan. eth lass tubing Usually” he eantdo it The maga: Sines seem rather to Noid the subject, a iho the. editor did five us an article that took us ae far as aT taking I a tile the local drug store wl beable to furnish you tubing win'not over 12-inch iengehs,andas old a¢ the hills This won't {lo you" much good Haven “ty atthe chemical Supply fous, it will pay vou to wait a bit Yor dee Ther for the “nen Tm a little lucky along these lines. for there is a shop makin iarometers_ and. apparatis of that nature within afew miles of me. I get tubing there in about S-foot lengths of Almost any diameter up to I inch. “Look abou sour foeatity. and ‘you. may. finds such». pace within ‘striking distance. "If you do, and Your work does mot specify Sn exact di- meter or wall thickness, you will get the Stuff quite cheaply. Five gents'a length Is the usual charge to me.” Here is the secret, Teil them you can use odd sizes, These places take their glass "as it comes that i, all sizes, and evety car ts sure to contain 2 fot ‘of stuff that is of no earthly. use to them Use these, and the cost will be slight. The commonest operation is the simple bend. The straight fame. from the Bunsen {most offen used, and itis not at all suited forte work The, glass acy ot in one tle spot in such a flame, and you get your bend ‘all at once, 50 40 speak.” It buckles rather than bends. “used to tyen ost some fare curves, regular forts-ive degree drops. Equip. yourself with a fish. tail tip—eost about a” quarter—and you will make’ fal, sweeping bends, because a larger su= face is made hot and pliable Lots of us, in spite of advice, make our bend and let it'govat that. The glass just cools off. Every piece so done isnot reliable. “Tracing cloth and waxed paper are usable as fantern slides, altho their fimited transparency produces ‘a rather dark field, and the texture of the ‘material shows plainly,” says Hudson, of Kenyon College, in Science. Mr. Hudson has ex- perimented with substitutes for glass, lan: tern slides, giving special attention to slides which could be prepared quickly" for tem- orary use. He found that a satisfactory slide could be made by drawing figures or diagrams thin white paper with india. or colored After the ink had become thoroly dey both Sides of the paper were brushed over with a light-colored penetrating oil. The thin By CHARLES S. WOLFE cad Tae en Shows Method of Jet al juncuon ‘etwas More, the chances against it standing up to its job are big. You mast anncal your work Frying in hot sand, ould do the trie, bat the handiest method is to #00!" the work, ‘which causes it to cool slowiy. Many au: Thor telat to Shut ofthe, iron Gur sens uml we get a yellow fame, dome the sooting in that.” If waited. for. my Bunsen to make soot enough to. anneal jal, my arm would be'numb from holding the glass, rnembers all behave about alike, so most of you will have the same experience, Have at your hand. anv ordinary tallow candle. Here is a real eficient spot pro- ieee: Get your work out of the flame Sind into the ‘candle. smoke, ‘and SOOT Tt Emphasis because it's hard to gct too much ‘on Then lay ft on the asbestos mat cool, ‘Don't be without three or four of these circular mats. "‘They cost ten cents each, Another le pot (0 acre tat js necessary to keep the work turning while the flame. This is a cinch ‘when you're Working on the middle of the picce, but it "far from comfortable when you have an tnd to deal with, "The chap who. works at the Business" rigs_up a support that: holds the plas and twin withthe pal, of, hie hand: Vou ‘ean workout the simple sup: port for yourselves. Lantern Slides glazed white paper used for duplicating {Spewritten fetes serves admirably for the per anda ght neatafoot makes 3 sai factory oil." These paper slides maybe in- fered in cardboard hekers snd able projecting apparatus the results are al ‘hat Could be desired ‘The effect of the ol is to increase greatly the tratapareney ofthe paper and when new the texture of the paper ts quite impercep- thie, “Figures of fester sharpness canbe made with a fountain pen or even with enc.” Diagrams and" plesires of appro. priate size may be cut from macazincs or Anttetins and treated with ‘oil a8 outlined above.” These are more’ satisfactory, of 1094 ww. americanrac ho hae 1 take it the Bunsen family. si Some time you may with to seal ane tube ‘within the other. Not Such 4 hard fob tod. providing beauty "is Bot an essential of the finishe product. It takes quite a. bit of practise to. make those Joints look’ good, bat you can getaway With a serviceable seal Teadily. It both thes ft into cach other Bice, t's simple. Tt not, i's up to you to make "em. And there i where. appearance Usually gets fe in the neck LEE tke sou tube, Raving i considerably longer than the fnisht article isto be, and make a Sanrio by geting he glass to the right temperature, pushing Wraightly together frst, and then draw: ing out.) Dont draw to. darned hard, of inder diameter eben you cut for joining, "At that, Ws a trick Frankly, that calls for practise, because the first thme you try. that consti you'll find the tube, instead of going nicel Together to give the needed thickness. ot Wall will doit best to look like alight hing flash.” You'll know what I'mean whe: yourtry it. Keep her turning is the answer fo"thi, and that calls for PRACTISE. Having your constriction of the prove 5c, insert the smaller tube, get "em. ho you'll notice their tendency to stick gethér. Also to bend out of shape: they: get hot, they wiggle in an alarming The professional proceeds thusly. H. keeps them revolving, with the palm of i hand until they are pretty well fased. Deft he removes them from the Rame, turas them nearly vertical, and blows into the open ex! gently, “The joint becomes a bubble, But ven as the bubble forms, he pulls with his free hand, bringing the tubes ack to siz. (brought my frst twenty of so to a com plete close “when I tried it.) ‘Then he blows again, and pulls. ‘This he docs sev eral times, thoroly’ fusing the tubes. The to the soot they go, straight as a die it it's professional work, and all bent out of shape probably, if it’s yours, gourse, if no printing appears on the back. ‘hut for temporary use the printing im many Cases will not destroy the ‘usefulness ‘of & diagram. Tare also made good slides in the same manner by treating, $4 x 4% photographic Prints with oll. The projected pictures, Tile less bright than those procured with fla platy, present a softer effect and are Especially interesting. in the case of por= traits, Since the usual photographie paper is quite heavy the lantern must be placed nearer the screen but if thinner paper coulit be obtained the results would be quite satis~ factory if the usual distance were rain— tained.ize $300 1 award for the second Beit rough Sketches are suicent wi ke ce oPia prise, #800; second rise, Editors of this department a monthly series ot Mex 2 3400 pre ani forthe Word teal a pte ot in $200 at and for th iP heviatbeh For the ba ie alee ‘Make sketches om separate sheets FIRST PRIZE, $5.00 AUTOMATIC FURNACE REGU- LATOR After having made and installed a fur- nace regulator as described herewith, the Imaker:ean he in bed and. dream on of the egmfore of geting wth the howe Already" warm, fnstead of getting. Up a inalt“Rour eatlir to, open the furmace ights, when the howse ie cold and Procure an alarm clock, a No. 1 rat trap, the kind illustrated. in. the gure swileh seis for ten cents, several feet of mall’ chain or exible wire cord 180 Small pulleys anda. piece of sheet iron WBex Exe This tall the material that iS needed. Other’ dimensions. will. vary ‘with diferent furnaces ‘A small piece of wire one and a half hes Tong ‘with @ small hook bent, on top ssoldered to the alarm winding. ke piece of cord is then fastened to the trig- cr of the tap. The trap, is then. set ‘Shen ready to dampen fres for the night nul the cord from the Fat trap trigger Attached to. clock, and the damper is closed Wen this is closed, it will also close the draught door? the’slarm is st about halt an hour earlier than your hot of rising, When the clock gocs_ off the Key. Will revolve, pulling the string. at- Shes Orgina tached to the trigger, thus springing the trap. ‘This opens the damper and draught Hor, and allows the fire to burn more rapidly ‘ ‘Contributed by CARL S. MORGAN. SECRET WRITING WITH ONION JUICE Squeeze the juice of an onion into a very small container. Then with an or- Clinary'pen, dip and write, You will see Swhat you are: writing while it is fresh, That as it dries it will become invisible and Lo. the uninitiated the paper will be an i trocent blank. “Your. correspondent. sipon tlre receipt of this invisible note. should heat a tablespoon and after wiping off Else. soot, rub the spoons convex. surface both sides of the paper and the Fiting. will appear clearly in brow, ‘Contributed 4 NYE. SECOND PRIZE, $3.00 MICROSCOPE STAND Here is a sketch of a microscope stand which is very easily made from'a cigar A Simple and Valuable Reflecting Stage Fos Use ets 8s a Together Wi box and which aids very much ip exam: ing. different abjects. too. sinall to. be seen with the naked eye “The only materials required are a cigar fF box nails, a glass mirror and piece of glass Fits is how it works: ‘The light comes in at A and. is reflected upward by the mirror TB. The object to he magnitied is Placed on top of the glass Cand the mag: Hifying glass is also placed above the object ‘Contributed by FLOYD W. RAUSCH. HOW TO REMEMBER POWER FORMULAS By the following method the ordinary poster formulas maybe very easily #e- membered Test-Draw four circles Second-Divie them in half by draw ing's horizontal lin thra them, “thirdDivide the Tower “halves. into auarters Hest he fllowing onder pace E* E,W and W. inthe upper hal FifthsWrite the word WIRE” one let- ter in each lower fet quarter SSixthePlace “the. following letters in the fh quarters in the following order ROBOT, and 1 Aller ‘constricting the following form afew times. it wil never be forgotten i the fst wr equals Ee and we would of course extract the square-root of the fesult this, would so apply to. number ites Wr canals F and not Goinrinted by 'D. BLODGETT. Tne, Rose, Simple ny Memorste, Mum Hletrical grmate Always on 1095 Diagrams ‘ee “Can Be aprax THIRD PRIZE, $2.00 FULL SIZE COPIES WITHOUT A COPYING CAMERA First rate photographic copies he! etre, atone on dame ¢ camera as follows: {ie the picture has printing on the bat it must be removed! This is bes one bs iting. the ack from the Tran. Past tans piece of paper to att face picture (front Sid back). When the te is almost dry pull the two sheets jcly" apart and the front half will hy ‘Sind’ be separated from the back hali Remove ‘the picture. fram the heavs yaner by soaking dn arin eater, AG ityg the picture fron it with 9 at iron a cu parafin wax (candle wax will do! This renders the picture translacent. lace the picture n'a printing frame io a dark roowt with either a sensitive pte Gril with the epson in contact the printed side of the picture: Make Exposure by burning” a\mateh completel Shout two fect in front of the Tea Develop’ the negative in 3 rather weal developers CHALK-TALK. ork offers an opportunity for the ambitious IHist to make MONEY in his home town. ‘Truman Starts You Right and Guarantees Satisfaction bearer rere which. reproduces every detail of the original faithfully, can ber made as ‘many copies as are wanted The photographic copy here reproduced was made without making the paper trans: lucent with paraffin wax, which resulted in the reproduction of the grain of the paper. ‘ontributed by WERNE W. BAUMEISTER.Fascinating Experiments in Chemistry How to Make “Solid Alcohol” ‘A tin can of about 2 gallon capacity is the_ Sst Tequisite for this experiment, and means for heating water in it, A. short metal or glass tube, preferably “L” shaped, Steam Line is inserted in the cork fitting the outlet Hote “To this is attached a piece of exible lic gattubing about six feet long, tet A: lard “can is “about right) can is about right) athole about an inch from the fottom and put ns couple of short sticks allan incvaqare, Now place's bking. powder can in the quart caf, suppor Sprite lacks of wd, and after the free end of ‘the ga-tubing the tin cans, pack the upper portion of the Space with cloth or cotton: if posuble, arrange to. have_the boiler an and double boiler on separate tables oF fenches; but Mf this can not be done, puta large ‘board or metal partition between them. ‘This isto serve a8'3 fre wall against ny” “alcohol vapor “from: the ‘experiment Sregping. along the table and catching fre Brevious to setting up the forewoing ap- us, grate or have cake of ite hard soap into small pieces; and dry it nan oven gt a very moderate temperature. ‘The'object fs to drive out the large amount oft water which a Soa contain, hoot ‘melting the material, ‘This may take some time: but ie beter to take longer and be sure the soap is dry, than to ty to hurry it and mele't. When the soap is perfetiy dry nd powdery to the touchy fl'the baking” powder can about half fall of (denatar rain alcohol. Since a baking-powder ean Bot always even water-igh i ts just 4s Well 10 take the precaution of testing foe"eaks with some aicohol.” Sow get up sam i the boiler and shorty ater steam passes into the space between the two cans, the alcohol will bos With a spoon, sift it the dry powdered. soap. ate ata time, Stirring Eominuoushy "The soap, wil dis flv “altho. the soletion ‘may "be rather uy Toki aca oe Reep ade Ing soap unl no. more ready dissolves, ating Hie seol ostinato ez the Solution dors not bail as easly is at fist cover it up with a ite saucer for a while, “When as much soap as possible has icen dissolved, turn ofthe steam and Tet the alcoholic soap solution cool. At a cer- ar By O. IVAN LEE wi Iecomte completely solid cold, ran a thin shat Sile'of the can, or immerse it for a moment in a pan of boiling water, and you will be able fo slide out a white cylinder of "solid cong “Too mach Tike soap, except ie itis not quite so hard, and’ ‘may fut into convenient-aized cubes ‘oF sliced into. smaller eylinders. i if amatch i aplied to ae, of these it will nite readily and burn with a hot pal Biue fame for ten minutes or 0, leavi a residue of soap.” The. “solid alcohol Should be preserved. in’ frictlon-top cans ‘rape for, se, a ober wae ol slowly evaporates. Tt 's‘very’ popular with campers be= cause of ts safety and: Convent ence, for after one, has cooked: & ‘meal over burning “slid alcohol the soap that remains may be used tovwash the dishes! int, it will suddenly. freese, and A When perfectly ‘A Good Secret or Invisible Ink Almost every one has wished at one fi ‘of another for a good secret or sympat ink-one that is cieap and easly obtainable, really invisible when written, cary to. de: Yelop and easy to-read when Drought out ‘An fake not generally known which answers these requirements [e3 souion of chord pomiae as the lectin calle, ie ed for charging the wet batteries for ringing door bes Scourman G. Dear Walter: ‘commands your Secret Six John wants us 40 go fishing Saturday. presence at the Sign of the Seven Stars Can you fo? at Moonrise. aes ow. Make a strong solution of 1 jn a clean bottle, get a new pen-point (one that wor't seratch) and clean the lacquer Yours! ‘The Secret Summons, al ots seme and lee he een Seong, eterno en Be Nat Dias eras ie viewing the writing horizontally against the ight, to. make sure that the pen point has nap vakin “You want 2 pen whi is abe solutely dependable and won't miss. a. dot, ince in use You will be writing “blindly.” When the ink'has dried, examine the paper again very carefully to see f you can make out any trace of what you have Very" likely” you “can, Title more water to the ink and try again ‘until nothing: whatever can be detected. on the paper affer the ink is dry” The idea forget the ink of such a strength that it ’il'soak info the paper without’ leaving 1096 icanradic yam: 1p knife around the in- wi ang telltale crystals of sal ammoniae an on forbring out the writing, Heat the papet ten upon strongly. This cam be accom. plished By pressing with aot Raion, ting it an oven or over any burner A litle Dractae will son give you the waxct of The ‘writing will appear. brown f fer black, depending ‘pon the amount of ating, an absolutely ndelbe, the lines being sireally burned How to Make a Powderless Cannon Tesch pitte Wie bef oes TS to wet EE te OFS So a eel ig a sat a de ha ake Se Ch ahs A eit hat Sete ibe eee ce toate Pe Serre Shi AE SP Lorna ae Pinetown St acta Wes age BMS on UE ah Sie Ser estonh Rena Su Se, SLM ete ane Fee Tas cto Sess “aes Ga gratifying and harmless,Grand Opera by Radio By NELLY E. GARDNER BEAUTIFUL A woman, of world wide fame, stood Defore the wire less telephone, in the Hotel Meslpin, Sew Yorke its, onthe’ might Gf December. Sed." and poured it ie receiving worn heartstirring notes that were heady men far at sep. For Madame Louisa Tetrarzini, grand ‘opera prima. donna, offered” to sing. for, the ‘cers and. men of the United States Nays ‘So on that wintry might all faval and” commercial fessels that were within 4500 wiles of New Yor providing they had their Sraraments fined to th per wave lengths an fi “the wireless tele~ phone’ attachment en Joved thelr own private concert by he operatic she Between 9.30 and. 945 p.mny other radio mes: age were ont fo tat iP ships within the dei nite radive. might Baten tov the. beautiful music witout. dntereunion, wing tat qapter ol ame Mae Tetra free according ‘to. the announced program, and fone encore tor ‘good measure. Just before the clock fn’ her apartment teked the "hat ‘Mada Called the radio-conma- office ofthe ‘aval ‘District, inthe Whitehall Building. to make sure. thar everything twas in readiness. When his question. “All Teady. Lieutenant?” was answered in the affirmative, the musicians took their places, the prima donna took her place in front Of the large receiving hori—and one of the worlds. greatest’ wireless. telephone "AS she threw herself into the nase from Mignone seemed 3s if the hada vision beyond the walls 0 the tiny room on the sixteenth Roor of that New ork hotel. She was really sending her song out on the cod seas to the men in Bluey and was trying to cheer them with the loving warmth of her voice- Nfter she finished the joyous trifle at the end of the selection, her manager imme- ately st the telephone. “Hello, Lieutenant first song. Wait thirty seconds, and, Ma dame will sing again, All read. We're ‘Mignon” was followed by the “Rondo di Sonambula” by Bellini, In this num- ber, Tetrazzini takes the high “F” sharp, for which she is justly famous. Her third Wiles to the U.S. Navy Sul ror Running’ About ‘the Harbor, selection “Somewhere a, Voice is Calling.” ai inspiring sight to the litle group af was the ever popular ews Feparters ; . | Articles to Appear in February Issue of “Radio News’ The Lafayette Radio Station Teo “Practical Radio Telephone Cirewite | By John Scott Taggart 1 Detector and, Three-Stage -lmpli- fier for Fifty Dollars PONS gy ELA. White and L. Hopking | Using “an” Amplifier asa” Detector or Long Woves | By HK, Dunn sImuteur Radio and le Fuisre ‘By Pierre HH. Boucheron How to Wind DuocLateral Col i Be iT. Prather pliments to all the sailors.” Then, last of all, with a twinkle and ‘chuckle, she called’ out the latest Broad- way phrase that has caught her fancy. You could never guess the final message of the dignified opera star to the young men of America whom she Had enters tained aboard our great ships! So well Tet you into the secret. Tettazzini's good- ye to our men at sea was, if gome one, of them wanted to call back, "Some girl!” "The. greatest care was aken in the reparation of thes soom for this the orld greatest radiophone concert Every Curtin Sed oreamenation ‘had ee rniture persons * ri ws. except thusictans, pianist celise and Ravi Dut clustered" ithe’ doorway. were. they ould. see ‘the. lttle woman, but where iheylegid nor distract er alventon, was 2°Sivall group of guests and fepresen Eonttnned on page 1130)Radio Weather Report Department of fhe Later. Weather “Reports Ws Report brondcnsted Every” Morning #95. Reporte 28 fast ARMERS will yot have to aguint at weather by wireless, ‘That is, they will i FAR SGS, Sate Tor the paper hereafter they care enough about it to"put ina ree to'know whether they bad etter hurry ceving set ata trifling cost afd teach the and etn the crops, They get the hired mam ot the farmers boy how to tune ihe te ‘a Mpls Rien Se New Loud-Speaking Telephone ee es eee toes TEE Beco Alone hearted ach on Be reve aay iy tener eu pating Ge, ro oP ae agrepente adie fo operate on 110 vot appara iat wiperng ral ar ose en eg eee om 10 yoke par hl ren es wed Ie sy aed om aerating cue UNE ea Ne Ce Ee a eine eaanenmme i tap are ar amen te Tig sur el tox af pitts nd ecole of He sgt fe rae any sree ines pt nding eae cr mime, coming (ohne Se out anne meee eine eit ban sil Do ian al eine SE ace Be Ferg ea a Ranreeeau earn ete ere es at een etna jerfor Use. in Transmitting Phe ce ted Control Box te Sheva 1098 icanradic it in. E. A. Stewart of the physics depart ment of the Kansas State Agricultural Col lege, has established a wireless weather te port service for farmers; the first of i Kind. “Every morning at 9:55 he sends out the day's forecast. All the farmers have to do is to equip themselves to receive it and it is reported that many have already done so. This picture shows the wireless ‘weather forecast station in operation. Farmers in general are more of less familiar with the operation and cost of ex- perimental radio apparatus. suitable for receiving weather reports as well as stand- ard -time signals sent out by the large government stations in various parts of the United States, owing to the radio experi ‘mental stations erected and owned by many of, their sons. ‘The amount expended for the receiving set suitable for this service depends, of course, on how elaborate a station it is desired to install, Tt suffices t0 say that— thanks to the high sensitivity and reliability of the actum tube,’or Audion, and it ‘wonderful properties —s Size, efficient receiving, sets can be. ob- tained at the present time at surprisingly low prices, Many, of course, who have a little time ‘ouch pleasure in bak the parts and building their own set, ater specications given fo vatousandinas Stailable on the subject at well as_from Artie pub “in he various rade journals, used in conjunction with the special toe 4itm and the control box, shows togethe wwith 2 number of the loud-speatcng: tect Sis) as many as, Several thousand people Can be entertained atone time. The makes of this apparatus have slo devised lod Speaking set for use by aviators and show Window demonstration sates purposes Bearer Wi special Loud Speaking Receter Appears oaThe Hall Jet Relay for Recording Radio Signals By PROF. RALPH D. DONER causes waves, but few persons un- principles aller sim= ber perhaps are aware that such waves are Closely related to the blowing of a Hote oF af organ pipe and to the record= ing of radio signals attomatically. Let tus examine the theory of water waves and see why this is so. In Fig. I, we have the motion of the wind ‘represented by arrows. In cach yh there is a whirl or vortex “V", if along on the surface of the water tander the wind” just like the rollers roller-bearings.. The sinall attows per= pendicular to the surface of the water Show the action of these ait currents the water, 4 pressure downward in the troughs, and a suction upward at the crests. Thus it is seen how the wind tends to maintain the waves. This action ‘of the wind may be deduced also from VERYBODY knows, that wind EK orer ably at water "EO - So, me Fig.7 Diagrams Showing How the Com Slaton erive Sigel Whenever 2 und Baddlad ule" Reattince ofa cia a oa Bictro Fre ae Bertoulis” principle, namely “where the Saceay Nol the windy ts greatest, the Bpessede is teat and ice versa 7 Sappose now that we teplace the water ty all air, Fig, 2 and the wind by 3 Jet Fair fating fiom 'a no fre will Ind Nature provid Rigs"in the form of vortices mysrous and regula that ther form Shrscar goottote ‘sheet separating” the pei jet from the surrounding sil air Ehcset vortices begta soon after the Tek Teavgs the newzke and are te result of Chirtmely. ‘slight regularities always present when afi isues from an orice Tivey increage in size heeause, a8 we have just noticed, in'a trough the. pressure ip reatest, which deepens the trough, and Eitses s larger vortes creating a greater pressure, and $0 on Simiarly a, crest tends to grow larger and larger, “The Rapping ofa fag isa ood ‘example of this aswell a the Eiies ‘caused by: an oar in water.” The fesult ia sudden break, flare or fupture Of the jet. Such a self-stimulating a flon "is ‘said to increase’ exponentially. Hits Mave form imprest on the jet bY these Yortices, travele at _about half the Speed ‘of the air in the jet; hence it 3 ¥1g.8 "Pao Guages of Audion Armpliscaton, in Order Yo! Becta" T apparent that any particle in the jet tends to vibrate more and more from the natural path of the jet, once it has been started, and this start is extromely, small It is found that the jet breaks when this wave form, has attained only "a. very. small amplitude compared with the size of the i pe bat eat Ais Jet Relay Hay Been, Succentuly Used, “he” rlphere ‘Reeever “t” Reomagct Aguas ‘ “Eola the "Wollaston, Wire, Can C, ely He Actanee the Tape Recording i jet, and the jet appears to be undisturbed Almost up to the break itself Experiments show that the vibrations Which the sound is reflected back to the Base of the et, having to travel twice the length of the pipe, WL. Taking Place in a Jet of Air, and al Relay, Wsent fopwtment er Dietgees as Gren me Teak fary that the jet have such a. velocity {at the time taken for sound’ to travel 2 Wat is the same ag for an efector diyced”on the jet at *N" to reach “W" or at Teast some simple fraction of that distance, a8 94 or /S of NW, thus keep= ing instep and. buildig. up’ the. vibra ons” The Blowing of a fate 3s. m0 fiferent in theorye hence no’ further explanation ig needed. Der Hall of Chicago has invented sev~ gral methods of using this sensitive jet ess nals,” The arrangement is shown in Sahay aie etd tages rom orl “vr Nandbecals at "A" after” pase thru the center of a helical coll "C™ come posed of fie platinum wire, supported tn four posts. “The wire ie soldered to ‘Continued "on page 130) Ee This Semple of Tape Record Was Obtained While inthe “universicy of sch fos he 3 Burogyibe 2 iti i fe ff sounds in the neighborhood of the jet. fause these vortices to start sooner, more regularly. and with greater intensity, thus causing the break {0 occur nearer’ their rife, as shown in Fig. —"A” being the natural position of the break, and "BY the position when sound strikes the jet It'is also found that the more intense the sound the nearer "B” is to the orifice and that the greater the velocity of the jet the sooner the break. Such a jet is falled a “sensitive jet," and is similar t0 the well-known “sensitive lame” Figure 4 shows how a jet may be made to react on itself by placing a wedge in ite ‘path, “When it strikes the wedge 30 8 to produce a condensation C. this € fect travels as sound and strikes the base fof the jet at "A", which in turn, when reaches the wedge, causes a condensa- Cron the other side, and this im- wes as a sound wave at B. tc. The 2. 15 asa 11 ghow Some Pestures of the Pitch of the sound produced will be found Eieet%p and di Steg Seep enwres of the {o vary with the velocity of the jet and ite Hall Tet Selny. The Fuca of the inversely with the distance to the wedge. {gf When Acted Upon by Sound Waves Brom gure 5 is an organ pipe and differs W Wess Made Vile on the Screen by’ Means from the above only in the manner by % * F°**"Showaae the" Right. On ME 1099 icantMessages Typed at 10O Words Per Minute HE accompanying photographs show 3 very interesting and remarkable juvention. which fas recently’ been completed hy Me ‘sped and Gress ot Coos. Prter= den, England, preted ‘from whereby radio all pa mess the W $0 reports claim. The messages are first transmitted to a perforating machine and Via Radio then to the automatic typewriter at a rate said to equal a speed of 100 words per ‘minute and more. The inventor Fe tly gave a demonstra- tion at the Royal Society of Arts which was attended by many prominent English radio experts. "The accompanying photo raph shows the inventor feeding the pet= forated paper the automatic typewriter tape to ‘Many inventors in all parts of the world have tdken out patents ot automatic type- writer arrangements for use in radio, but none of them have ever been able to give 2 satisfactory demonstration of their per= fected apparatus. ‘Once such a system as this is perfected, it will mean a great deal to radio, as the resent system of dot and dash codes, is ©f course nothing. but a makeshift. and hat radio and clectical engineers want and have a right to expect to see very Shortly, is the. perfection and adaptation of an automatic transmitting and receiving Apparatus which will send out and. pick pewrier in Operated by a Perlorated: BU Wat wlan Great Slap in ivan ine sea cel, She Mtl SF Soc cas et esta Ser gar ae Bee Regie i cee bigs coe Stock Brokers Find Radio Useful HE accompanying photograph shows ‘one of the latest wireless telephone Sets in use in a stock broker's office in Germany.” With these wireless ‘phones, financial and stock ‘reports are fatoed over any desired area depending upon the power of the transmitting. set Ie'is claimed that with this method, the reports are transmitted and received Customers (who, of course have to install simple radio receiving set in their offices or homes). much earlier than with the Usual ticker ‘service by wire. Photograph shows the wireless ‘phone operator sending out stock reports, while the man at the right is shown int the act of receiving radio reports Recently. for. the, first time in the his tory of Wall Street, the radio telegraph fupplanted ‘the ordinary_elegraph tines in the carrying on of stack market oper tions: between’ New York City and Chi ene fomtallstios i Use Op Revs ey Seer a htane Finite Teer hale | cago. The wire lines were disrupted by a heavy ‘storm. carly one morning. and during ‘the ‘final hour of trading on the New "York Stock Exchange, one well: known concern conducted business with & firm in Chicago, by wireless, ‘The arrangement Yor the service was ‘made hastily with a radio communication service, which will operate wireless be- tween New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Giicago. "This service has not been for- mally opened: infact, Hwa. an nw Hon to the opening of the service quite fecenlly, which gave the president of the New York stock concern, the Hea of try- ingrthe service at once, "Phe. reply. was received three minates ater it'Tet’ Chicago, Several later mese Sages were answered in. from seven fo {cgi minut Tn the caze’of each rk erage house, however, the message ha tobe telephoned to the radio. station ia waite the re increas! net oe oy alegre sree Ge Se pepon Basch ei fae Non est Seon te tae! ta al aime cea eine eon oh acu eon pant "RE he cig of he tsk rey ern, dee Se ae cag Beate Te ete ee ts ea!L ‘Acoustic Diafram. (Mo, 1.356399. aged to Simon ‘Be tick yegier elo ether by the use of ae ae ot akeing” 05 es apd ads to this 10%e powdered gas He shen’ as enough'nan to make 3 ongtderable"fayertof it over the SSEeSTaP nese mixcures He then pases biting. paper this, the Mohed etter Sie der an ReWiatedatcan and then ale raced oleic force “the fog it descr and. Marder’ and te art Bene nat Tue veal Tig Aisiame used ty ghosoaesDe fsSndibonze give execlen? results Helicoptes ee otpee Hea Ren ae aPtarte ope fie os tines Ea Se Seite acta aa ec Bor Sem o Ihe Sot ad driving shat. Vanes are connected Sachse he SPREE getaetee SABES det cSteatd snot at the ‘chine itgit The. propellers are Bia et So fet a acc and pon the vabaft. ia variable” tne eat weet sate lakes dart STE Beate ater Pils balan 2" conideratle iale eat inca es he hub OF propeller Pleasure Railway. (So, 1856.412, Iyued to Frank ‘Aiogson Sith) hig i ancy govel aim of atlas” 8¢pecal des gp tnd, ome ‘hereby cars of an ongated ‘shape BIC Secommodate operate Bes‘ ilbe fou postion nre"hasted Span Milne aPthe Yon which Seeaameng, devs, rode et portion st" the’ ends of tke futae thus” ating Sn ing {he supanta Tate at upright Po Stereoscopic Movies. fo. 1358 585, Issued to. Wiliam he, MAS enn Thoce are several festuren to fngenlon' Which the snventor ites SHTrEMInE pple: "sew ation Gf relet a4,i8 found ta stercogcopie ‘eheentali the “ehh pace ia beta Tedpeofects the ‘picture upon a boaeeht regs that che o8 Feato thew theatre ots Rot PRE Athens Stew The Bictare Ta fran ofthe Sereen ae isced” a ahect of lay “suel" 38 sic (>e nro xh gin, ieee NSE are ete age of idee a ete Fe e ficient to allow ie Non-Sinkable Boat. (No, 1355912. Teed to John ° Bromany '° Joe" 5 oat, frum ‘sinking Sed reducing ecine ene abies f'n pte the‘side'of the boat are eld in an Sheigt pono, thcte tamer are fone” chins of het we emeticallysegedvand Aled ih Searels fe, Phe wast an Self Sereda au Seale batt foal any eatgo| which “would be Bhurad 27 sof ed™etoisse by SOISE a contac wid water cat fekeptsately because the argo wall toontae As het iS as false to ESRPMHE Ge BOA Bhs 'betarht, te ct play out the rate or floats and ese ce Rigger are rin eaae iin used tn aalorm, pre™ Overhead Tranaportation Koparat Ce Lass pt tga 6 Naan ada eae See es het Pee a ale "Sugsining qualitcn and "rer Eee Retina tase Ee cera ee tions af the track and also vary the Comes Mor" properiy = couding sutven the carer Being, ke Shi" plrpese, whien benking fn prorening the tendency of sn adie eee ate ie Ripped oy mete ot Feber ie Lada th ll tpn! ell: Rotors could be stpniel by power Bethe Sit nethods that eh contact wily power ‘rails, Stuck "Spon “raked Wee Miata Fete ete oh hae ate Brake for Airplanes. (No. 1356269. Ipued te Wiliam ‘Eieara ‘Rarnes) Thig ig 9 very lever fovention se purpose of Unies fo enable lepine’ 1s sp auichy tee ie Lancing speed aot sveeding colle Honig ithe aie Secured to {he all portion of ie: uselnge t's Rime’ igece the ears ich Miedo erat infaked Shia at when closed they sigily over Ft Ca Sais Bach aces ae ka with thee fapectve. ean Sema afe reanpected owether “by Spats of cbles fo osntral evens Wien the ates are closed: suficient tesanes 'Saered to being the acne o's Stapdanilarce has faveled only a short di Amplifiers for Auditoriums. (Mor 1.358.055, Tsued to Henry ML iascom) “There hap slwaye deen consider. ple Ginesty "Saperiencea ue fhe caer thet. Stentclephoncally Snamting sounds che sounds a Fived at the dittant amplifier” ay tater onaidershig fr ateance ai'ie ssond ofthe speakers ree Sorte et. diiartanee Sentor has ere produced a means ~ whereby the sound ig ecorded uaa Beaperty “pacing the take-up ote Gnd “repulating sthe speed of tape Keavell tnd nally amplifying in the ‘heal manner, the speakers "apie Sed he unt oun he amples Floating Fortress. (So, 13506567, Teed to Jalen Gait avmetny of coat fect thie patent Many ‘St these can be anchored af ‘eitdag atratenie pots long the Sess orthe panpone of” ouedlng cate ch orem, cont * fred “and which ‘containe two. tor foie, fues and propellers ‘parallel fa offset on appara sierra the meter ofthe lao hat by pedo tube may be brough enemy exalt. Nets Re'andl water pampay et The wes fel 2) Scbmetged by “inerducing Sriby drawing up the sinding cha Rie Telephonic Transmitter. (0. 1354190" Tae go Berra ‘This invention tr intended, to al tow Nietelephonic’ easamision by plicing. the, transmitter agioat the Rieeatof tne eer as Sich tye siatons inthe tons Instead ot by "the waves F sound ing (romane oat” Fait wil evaP partetior "value in places alee etna gies Sok rood of the user.” It oe Smicrophone af the ‘Stgl'taebon pramaietapes At one fio the ammieiy , home ig the sere cree ay Iu allows for the compression and "ebou "eran oR whieh the! occupa "che cratt"in clevtion, and lacing. are ead simultaneously, the microphone lotWhat To Invent HERE are many needed improve- ments yet tobe discovered for the phonograph, because there is much Foom for improving the tone of the standard talking machine, which is far from being perfect. Considerable profit eld, Tyre of Phono. Away ie Some BeeWhereng the army” at 8 Wet Abest® Bome of Fatse False Vibrations: should ent for the inventor anceeding Whave’ in mind’ improvements on_the sound-box, on’ the needles, on the. records nd onthe’ componion. fom wih hey ‘There is not a perfect sound-box on the market today, nor a perfect needle, nor perfect record, The best sound-box made thoes not reproduce music aswell as it should to give entire satstaction. A sound- sox that wll ciminate these faults wl be wey welcome’ tothe mins of phono- Braph "owners desiring better masie from Shek machines. ‘But’ to. accomplish this feat improvement, it will be necessary (0 cep away from the beaten paths of pres ent” sound-box design, and originate a onstruction —cotirely" different” from the Wind ‘now. used " he heat records wsed are mst i fect." They. produce. too much. surface note, wear dow to son and are wo del fate for general use. “An improved recor Overcoming all these drawbacks certain! i have wonderful success, both musieall nines son deat jowever, this" month's suggestion deals with what I believe to be an improvement fon the ordinary stecl needle used almost uni- wersally today” In. my opinion the straight eel needic too stit—chot Rexible enoagh te eliminate the ever present scratch when Playing. To. overcome this fault and im- Prove the tonal quality of phonographs in eneral a distinct departure fn needle desi Should be made. Bossbly a steel need made with hump midway between point 4nd end, would do away with the annoying Scratch "so much in evidence with the Stiaght needles. "Fins thump, "as illustrated, would, add aceater fexility the needle, make it Tore springy, thereby equalizing the weight Ot the sound-box’ against the record roves, as well as act in the form of @ ride when Inserting’ the needle. ‘The "more flexible the stcel ‘needle, the softer will the tone be. and there will be ics turface noise from both the "needle and fecord, ‘A design similar to. the one described should greatly improve the tone Bnd sellin great quantities, Improved High Chair If litle babies could talk to their parents and intelligently express themselves on the Subject of infantile accessories, 1 am sure the majority would unanimously ‘vote to banish the present inefficient high chair, that they determine t0 exile said high eh 2! to" yon attic with many other forgotten By JAY G. HOBSON With a tittle expla tion, the parent would soon realize the ir ui bility of this common ‘design to. moct all requirements as desired. ‘AS soon as James Junigr ts old enough to.sit up and say “Da-da,” he is placed at the head of the family table in his new high chair, a safe distance from the spillabes. Aiyear or two finally passes, when some Sway oring Daly” finds ‘his mah oom son about grown beyond the confines ‘of his baby chair. His itl. knees: Bump Sgainst the table and this makes the chai wey undesirable 10 the Hite rascal who Squlems around. peevishly, almost knocking ins glass of milk over hefe, and spilling his gruel over there, until Mama ‘and. Papa Sre so. tnocalated with the nervous germ antiques; of, perhaps, until needed. again. ‘Then, as 2 makeshift, they employ one of the dining-room chairs, with books and gong cushions to provide sem-adue siting facilities for the young ‘specimen of man. arrangement is icky, under the we ces top sod pated etl, Heer oe ESricc cee ote Wsyith the Diferent Age Year” joungster’s wiggles, making all sit on pigs ieee he precipitate himself fo the floor.” So this condition continues for want of a bet. ter improvement Here it will be seen an improved high Ror, Thore Who Travel, Why Ts There Not seuss Sle HE Baar, alte Ty net ng Secs team Maneles We ete iene Tike “Thove Large fm Steam Tsundsies 1102 \ chair is needed badly; one that could be Adjusted {in height to the age and size of the child ‘using it; one with legs made in Sections to be removed ‘and. shortened 3: the hild’ grows larger and. older. No "Put on tbe Maree, Ow Baye Wen the Suit Wil Suck, You Sigh Bathe’ Shaker’ Rod, Which Loose the Ly Fob Senne ‘ofthe Sat ‘he Resales Shore, {he Contuiner, and Al Bas he Top by aces doubt one similar to the illustration would be just the trick and undoubtedly some- thing of this kind would soon receive hearty approval. from thousands of ‘parents Wi fast-growing children. ‘Traveler's Tie Presser Irons may come and irons may go, bt wrinkled ties will be with us forever.” The aveling ‘public always have, and. apna avy alway wil fg i almost impone {o keep their Hes and scarts properly. pret living in hotels, on trains ‘and. the’ hi beeatise these. homesfor-acday accommo: dations donot provide irons nor pres Service of ‘sufficient worth to” get etal articles ironed neatly” And in view cf {his condition, it appears to me ‘a smal tlectrie tie presser’ would capture. te hheartsof all the “away-from-homes", be Cause it could be quickly attached to be ‘Ordinary ‘ight socket and ‘the ironing of Small articles could be done. quickly iy te fete Foor, ‘ imagine a compact tie presser_made ol two small rollers connected movably to- ether, something in appearance ke the Clothes wringer, Mf you please, Inside one of these highiy polished. metal roles wool be ser a Feitance ‘ot sot the: necessary heat for pressing ‘thr "Ges drawn between the rollers a5 shows The rmensfolke would not feel 0. sissy ting 2 device of this design sround, but wo. por Sible inducement could get them to cary lady's small iron, Some day our nat Doblications will offer such a consraption Jor men thru their advertising, and. frugal people will welcome New Departure Salt Shaker Patents galore have been allowed by the United States Patent Ofice for salt’ dix pensers, but in all these years of advance rent none has succeeded. in saventing Berfcty"satfatory salt shaker Strange Es it may appear, every device fn use today Tor this purpose is about as eficient as the old ox-team was. fer transportation. The fnext time you dine. out, notice. the Lind of salt shakers used in the café, and notice How perfectly they dow’ work, if the: day Happens to be rain trade mark siogan of one prominent salt company saya: “lt Pours "When Tt Rains but T happen to know that this is (Continued on poge 1132)Scient Or Dante's Inferno.—When it comes to Tatetng 0 a baker's atm (0 ex: nthe mysteries of exchange we prefer {o read Einstein on Relativity Geo trick, Jr He Who Kicks Succeeda—Two frogs accidentally fell imo a large can of mille They began at once to struggle for free: dom leaping for the top, but always fale {ing baci One of them very soon becam: discouraged and. began saying’ “It aint nous at povines” Hah other fone kept on striving and said: “Til never ive up” When several hours later the rogs were. discovered. inthe milk, the one that said "Wt aint no use" was dead, fd the, other, ong as siing oma cake of butter singing, “Til never give up. “ne SoH. Lyon The Face Value of “As. tronomyn— Dise: ot dont think. that the lecture wo wld have interested you. Tt was ail out “Sen fpots Daisy: “Oh, was it? Tien it certainly would have inerested me, for T have been Seman to freckles all my Ife Sydney Hoffman Of Color.—Professor class): “Willigm, name las Bow ‘iam: "Powder and paint” “Silwon Jones, Gin two comple: Our Office Uses Both Systems—Ile (addressing a young stenographer); “Do you use, the Hunt system or the Touch System: She: “The Hunt system is new to me Explain it, please” He: “Well, in using the Hunt system you write one word and ‘hunt’ for the inext one, and in using the Touch system you are’ always ‘touching’ the ‘boss for more pay."—Ben H, Lyom Have "Bought 2 iauter Agent: "1 have ner ite ine vention to make the voice chery farther ‘fe. Henpeck “For goodness’ sake, don't tell my wife?” TLE Domestic, Geography. — Teacher: “wiatare the for seas johnny: “Pepper, salt. vinegar and mistard”—Mildred Webbe JA New “Spring” Song.—First Scien: tific Bug: “If T were to take a heavy steel cloek-spring and wind it-up tightly, then place it ina porcelain dish and dissolve {ein nitric acid: where would the energy stofed up in the spring go to Second Scientific Bug (thoughtfully) “Why, T suppose i, would tend. to make the acid ‘stronger’ "1. Hector Grohom. Disconnected —Ministe sermon): "We shall now Operator rossing fi ) perator (rousing from, na line is busy—Harry Humberaton (at close of ing hymn num- “The FIRST PRIZE $3.00 ‘Still More Wonderful. = Scientist “This pearl comes from an oyster: Esme that | wonderfulof nature?" Freddie: | That's nud in’ my sister hhas a whole string of, them that she ot froma lobster Adolph FL He's Probably on the “Star’-board Side. "Toeinkle, twinkle, Hite sar, How T wonder where you are: High above T'see you shine Ut scording to inate, oui are not where you pretend, You are just around’ the bend? Anu your sweet seductive ray ilas Been feading men astray ‘Mbyte yearaO"ie star, n't you know how bad you are “Donald Newion. ‘A Second Einstein —Teacher (play a record) "Jonny, what. ale thom four people are singing?™ John aaa cher: “What iit ealled when two people are singing, William?" ‘Wiliam (ater’a moments hesitation) “A pintette Joseph Humphrey, Jr AA tikhe oe Said Gor at the rate of‘one dolla cach, besides the Bret prise of three do lars for the Best joe submitted cach Month’ tm the seat thal tao peot fie'eend ‘nthe game joke s0 fa "ie for the prize thom the sum of three Gellors br cosh tel be pod Yo L. jokes accepted and pub- i i t We Really Can't Print This One— Professor of Engineering, (just after a lecture on” the construction of “bridge piers): “And now who can describe a Powter dam” ‘Student: “Well, Professor, the other day I walked in the country’ and. saw a cow swallow an apple, and 1 thought she would cough ier damn head off Russell F. Daniel Monkey Business—An auto tourist was travelling thr the great Northwest, then he met with a slight accident to machine. In some way he had mislaid his monkey-wrench so he. stopt ata nearby farmhouse where the following conversa tion took place between himself and the Swede farmer “Have you a monkey-wrench here?” “Naw; my brother he got a cattle rench over there; my cousin he got a sheep rene further down this road, but too dam cold here for monkey rench” "Pierre H. Boucheron, Sometimes the Thumb “Strikes” Too. Mr. H.: “Do you know T can Strike nails like fightning?™ Mrs: “Is that So?" Me H.: “Yes, lightning never strikes tivice in the same place!"—Frank Hol 1103 saprax ific Humor An Bye-Opener-—Ilolding her close to Whe gazed into. the unfathomable depths “of her gazele-like eyes, Actte anniety wag exprest in every line of het fate face. ‘Ever and anon a sigh seemed to rend her being with its intensity and She gazed. into his face as though she ‘would read his very sou, For many mines ths they st, either speaking, each gazing into the other's eyes. ‘Vent said the oculist at last; "one cye is seriously affected, and, H not treated mediately, will develop a. decided squist” Wo Names We've Been There.—Cop: “Hey there! you can't stop here, you know.” “sean eh? You don’t know PE Householder. this ear" giro Hick a spoon. — Fair Gre on_ board ship: “Captain, don’t you think itis “cruel to box a com pass?” ‘Captain: “Not any more than to paddle a ‘Joe Radomsky. ©. K. Till Their Fuse Blew Outl— Their meeting was mutual: She being tm mediately attracted by his magnetic per- tonality, while he was not repelled, for ine lin soon made contact with her, and the sparking grew intense. "He propo with “lightning: fike ‘precision, ten” the Wwere united. “Their friends, were elect Fed. Wasn't it shocking? SKK. Loafbourrow. Nii, Acid Head Nurse: "Reb Jim well with glycerine every two hours in'the daytime.” Y Foot Nurse: “What shall Luse at night, snitronglyeerine?"—Sterling Gleason. A Born Mathema: tician—"T saw your sister on the street to- ay iow, I didn’t see her face” Ble ow did you ow it wap her? "em prety good at agus) Saree ee yt Iroc: Peter (i phi: “Ts, SH don't know” rafestors A ver taste Jack Shannon Jones. How Does Bird-Seed Work teacher was instructing het pupils in the tae of the hyphen,” Among the cxanples given by the children was Sitd-eages “Thats right" encouragingly. "Now, Tommy. seme why we put a hyphen tn Tnvee Eies for the bird to sit on.” was the startling teloindet—ary Braverman4,1 quick anoner ia devised ror intricate calculations © apec (2c "BB canes ade Yor each question. ‘rtetpondents wil be informed &s'to the fee befose ach gust perimenters. Questions will be sammie sil be pat Ren nde Soe imbue mon be typewritten or else writen im inky me tae att ty thie Soper rere 1 the questions entail considerable research wre anewereds Which is Heavier—Wet or Dry Air? 4070) Gay Phi on ndciete and” Wentet Be Begieget det xes Wane Ware {il in Waromerric prea: ao “ed fm barometric read ery ithe flees ie) reference fo the second ns ot "ae san hr hn al, Ope See Tr eset Su tO te, i 2 ee ae Stef the rf tvlter of dry aie is weighed and then plowed fo Sine in" Lottact win ech et Rloiee syste Sada ene ite emia ot 2 Tier ot the mie easiog the presmre spon We the Seige Scctettt ee tear SRE tice a6 Mater ygpor andthe balance, Fabs mito the gar Theretare, arly aa gL Feoing fie lume will be gem while the Test wit Be hater Vapor ‘Vreeland Oscillator Ward, Hartford, sument develoning out aay marin 1 frequency of 1.000 ey Sector raeting ire. gente can he atta Bi geiom oft Vecind ctu fabs oman he’ the of an owcliaing tadion. (2075) A. Water a ‘Thermo-couple Metals 1, Cline Boone, Wipts. Vay atk: For Some general tnforian a ote 2 wae a ty pan iigheet, aacaaie ond Sipunie Piao aaente i prac ois Ga ashen cance Bota Pte te naa ‘sero to 300" centigrade AP nerme esti Ahtin-souple Te Fitinu and, 207 latina 0% edjum— power ILS microvois fun MO for each degree AOCTRS cath “dcfece Pee in temper "Copper and 60% copper, 40% nickel—power 7 "ot ach depet Tse ase it temperatare slnge sere to 356 ‘Telegraph Typewriter Query nan rende descrip. thigh ae es ond ee REE Ener cee # UR readers will have noticed that since the December issue four cover fat changed. somes stay in'appearance, Thiv is doe to the fact that we are flow sing’ the So-called Offset Process, which f not bringing! aa, ot whi ies srt Sf lithograph process. fy this pro- ess, the ink is frat transferred from | an aluminum plate upon which, the | design "is etched onto 3 rubber bla, sat ana th rer of the. inke onto. the paper. B) ibis method very much leaner work Fesults; showing off much better” and Such. softer effect is had. “Alter ether the rel lech one fractive and pleasing than the printed process. By" means of this. process tre are also now enabled instead of Printing in chree colors to print, fn Your, adding one extra color, We hope our readers will Tike the ime provement. The Publishers. manne | ewriter to form clear ides a8 Tod chen trier, very high speed is stainable Eesthccede tet evursy thes i We" in ha” ign ts hei et rma ies a mea ene ies wena Nhe Bitetie" Co. a New Idea in Phonographs (1978) “Charles D, Miller, Chiago, TL, sends 1 eseiption of ace phoiogrant Jou Wave described numberof pate : ccted with the production of Malt a, here patente have on af sictians oly rather a: group ofvthem ae ell Fer sean pelentorn cet or ned une Sco Si See. hey aay alent ‘sine Ghd Siieear ed he Bier SP ab jSaesat ng Theron enc re alana teeing Efnite peed, The speed of the cannon balf sptat cof he eat tenedl ot added tthe es sole anced of BS Bal anne me S rate of one. nit per ‘hour oth wensele ceeding at the uae rate of ere af the cannonScience and invention yor February, 1921 1105 mums lwo Ways of Selling the ZeXave ead ORIVER, cay pewriter The New Way Saves You $36 baat These Facts Will Save You Money tory to you, eliminating all wastes. This saves the $36, and it now goes to you. A $100 Oliver costs you but $64. Why waste $36 by buying typewriters the old way? Note that this advertisement is signed by The Oliver Typewriter Company itself. It is not the advertisement of a concern offering second-hand or rebuilt Olivers of an earlier model. The Oliver Typewriter Company makes only new machines. The old way, as explained above, was wasteful and wrong. So people have welcomed offices in many cit missions and other costly practices each demanded its share. salaries, com- our new economical plan and our output has multiplied. We offer for $64 the exact machine which for- merly sold at $100. This is our Model Nine, the finest typewriter we ever built. It has the universal keyboard, so any stenographer may turn to it with- out the ‘slightest hesitation and do better work more easily. And it has dozens of superiorities not found else- where, For instance, it has far fewer parts. This, means longer wear, and naturally few or no repairs. This Oliver Nine is a 20-year development. If any typewriter is worth $100, it is this splendid model. It is the same machine used by great concerns such as United States Steel Corporation, National City Bank of New York, New York Central Lines, Otis Elevator Company and hosts of others. Such concerns demand the best. Yet they are not wasteful. Pan eT tae Se ncetos FREE TRIAL Merely clip the coupon below, asking us to send a free trial Oliver. We do not ask a penny down. When the Oliver arrives, try it out. Put it to every test. Compare its workmanship. Then when you are convinced that the Oliver Nine is all we claim, and you prefer it, pay us at the rate of $4 per month. ° During the free trial, you are not under the slight- est obligation to buy.’ If you wish to return it, we even refund the outgoing transportation charges Used typewriters accepted in exchange at fair valuation J if you would rather know more about our plans be- amazing book entitled, “The ost of Typewriter The Reason and the Remedy.” We sccompany it with our beautifully illustrated catalog describing the Oliver Nine. Canadian Price, $82 ™ OLIVER Drewritér Gmpany G12 Oliver Typewriter Bldg. Chicago, a.Science and Invention for February, 192Science and Invention for February, 1921 ET the facts about the Chicago “Tech” courses in Draftsmanship (or any of the other bige paying professions listed on the coupon) which you can master quickly by spare time study at home. Salaries paid draftsmen today are the highest in history because trained ‘men are scarce. Not enough to go around and hundreds of big jobs waiting. Industries of all kinds—manufactur- ers, architects, railroads, electrical plants, ete—need pro- Experts Teach You the Methods They Use The Chicago “Tech” method trains you tunder experts who will equip you for an im- portant position in the shortest practicable time, You learn exactly the methods which they themselves se in their own practical work. They prepare you to rank with drafts- ‘men of long experience. ‘They give you the training required in men who aim to hold tant executive positions and draw high ies for their expert advice and service. ‘Why plod along and be content to. take ders from men who know the "Hows" and Thys” of a big job? You have it in you to Wey give orders, once your trained knowledge gives you the confidence to assume charge of the men who do the actual work. The train- ing in Draftsmanship which you get from Chicago “Tech” experts fits you to step right ut and earn a big salary. You do not need to resort to guess work. Nothing can halt ¥ou—for you will KNOW your subject Se eal et Decide Today—Then ACT Rina ctie rsh pot Chicago Technical College Send for Now it the time pothing se CHICAG: am: FREE We send the free lesson first. FREE OUTFIT Same var leading” draitemen sede way to hich vont merely Uy eine 245 Chicago Tech Bui icanradic ficient men for their drafting departments. Experts in this profession earn $60 to $130 weekly No matter what you are doing, this is your big chance. We will send you without obligation or expense a Free Test n (read details of this liberal offer below). See how well qualified you are before you spend a cent, "Look into these opportunities today. Learn how a Chicago “Tech” fourse will make you the man chosen from among many. Ciip ‘that coupon—NOW! 18 Practical Courses You Can Master Quickly. If you want to take up and master quickly any other technical stsdy, the coupon above lists a number of professions that pay hy some salaries. If you cannot come to the col Tege, you will get the same course—the same thorough individual instruction by mail. No matter where you live, your lessons are di rected and every exercise examined and co rected by experts. Every point is made clear. You progress a8 quickly as your work proves that you have mastered each lesson, No matter which course you decide to take, you learn just what you need to know from practical men who familiarize you with the things that make you worth large salary, With the practical knowledge gained from a Chicago “Tech” course, you will be the man wanted—the man who is pushed ahead, be- cause you know why things should be done and how to do them, You can start at a good salary and win quick promotion Test Lesson ions “Decide Jee COUPON NOW, ‘0, ILLINOTS 1107‘Science and Invention for February, 1921 (Continued from page 1106) Book Review | J gd cables and all forms of light or power witing Me tteatngt eekasn Cieabie oe rigid and ict ariored exible ante Miescribed; tumer- Ae" eplet he various methods a Nomplcted nih the, subject of bose Wing also occopies KINGSLEY ARMY SHOE CO., M62 Cotags Grove Are, Oop KS, Cea, AN.EASY WAY = eee sme BoD Mindoubtedly wile Weed Tend aed ‘Udy foe Manan Dog sane ee ‘aoe aie tien he types. of we crrot course, Hecesary 48. ik ot EPO U Ee oame Chet ne MRR ra M AC CUN Loe Send No Moneylé: Shipped for 7 Days’ Trial] Sisson" ets enemies gorge te] PEC a, oe, with oer in which te ‘Sepen ted ma ‘ae alt Send. the| deb ‘een ta pon tad mall he tooty. We, wit sad, the 1 even ip fam and_ cure tnaher ih rat cp hie ‘Tne Yea Boox or Wonetess Teuacaaray itso ‘Tatsrnoxy For 1920, Cloth cover, Ue anes wis a ches laches Publisht by the - London. ¥ tions, the al ‘ture and as, cid commbnienton ana fem Ynvtarioss counteten" Uoefl radlo data, nau EEN fReaguren,compantes, coated nthe gota ES) decoys et aaisteprapty ada IR biograpbieal. section of leading men, in the itceo rer cling btukry mgicey felled By atten the ate eee a & Te oe ote.Science and Invention for February, 1921 1c Right Way To Get Into The Automobile Business Come to Detroit, the Autemabile Center, and Learn at the Factory Endorsed School to understand both the cletrical and mechanical ends ‘order to be successful. ‘They go togeth THOUSANDS OF MEN WANTED In addition to the constant demand for real trained men in the production end, ten million or more autos, trucks and tractors in use in America must ‘be kept. in repair. You can start a garage, repair shop or service station of your own. and sell tractors and horoughly. Salenmen that "undersiand chanical Bnd pare of the, wats fachinery are winning big success," More brazing and welding shops, more Tire Repair Shope, led. There is no other line of business where a man can go out and do what our graduates do, in ‘such a short time. This Small Town Garage Paid $10,000 Profit in 6 Months BECAUSE si sisted: his business. This is 20-year-old Ben W. Koehler of Pulaski, Wis., and the garage of Koehler and his partner, $93,810 worth of business in six months with a profit of $10,000. Mr. Koehler is an M. S. A. 8. graduate. Koehler learned the automobile business the right way. He came to Detroit. Ninety-four per cent. of automobiles are made in Detroit district. ‘The great- est automobile experts are here. Leading Manufacturers Endorse Our School Many of them assisted in outlining our courses They know it is right Derworr Melisa P hhis men leaving with a string of cars enroute from Detroit, Mich.,. to. Pulaski, Wis. ‘Mr. Kochler js at the head of the line—look him over—just a inary young fellow only 20 years old, but with lots of pep and ‘S.A. S. training. You Can Start a Business of Your Own, Too just as Koehler did. Very little capital is required and you can always set that if you have the training” Keehler is onl ane ofthe thousands tM. 8. A.'S. graduates who are making 00% FR at ¢ ATA Li o esa ea ings ot MICHIGAN STATE AUTO ‘Scuo OI The Detroit Auto Schoo/" ‘eading Manufacturer. Oegi20 Woodward Ave. Detroit, Mich-U. 8.21110 $365.3 ONE DAY!| Ira Shook of Flint Did That Amount of Business in One Day oe saowes SR out ented Witla, i lori Tis 1} | fogener wii Gnae WESTART YOU IN BUSINESS | Tak cake cpa acon Build A Business OF Your Own Profits $1000 A Month Easily Possible Sere ene fama saiues nett sens = Scien [ Book Review (Continued from poge 1108) AIDS TO ELECTRICIANS’ EXAMINA. TLONS“QUESHIONS. AND AN SERS By Samuel J. Aaciain oper covers she Ay Oe Publnte by “Aaron Shapira, S82 2. Oh St, New York Cis, Ni Ja to aver ye gut, a cond po wb oa Aree es ad nal 20. ayo ober i flgne"and ‘anewers contained Te oles ed ts rockets woke ine om tate sapport “What "kindof tnouatom on Se te in meta opine! Ac Miner covered, single rai ‘Ahber covered, single bra MR. TOUCH-BUTTON, OR THE HOME OF BEAUTIFUL IDEALS. B; Naney Berry. Paper covers, 48 pages, | ittustations, size" 75" by 0". Pablisht ‘Country'Life, Ld. 2) Tavistock Sty & vent Garden, W. 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Fully, nustrated | Paper coves, ie 6 by, BY isht ‘by The’ Progress Pub- tele pamphlet contains quantity of ma about the, Glement” sete. 7 srcalreatancey but whose resistance reo light, co which fis ter ce and Invention for February, 1921 EXTRA HEAVY ARMY COMFORTS boss 2 "aN SS 5300 Weight 7 to 8 pounds, ale 60x76, Stated wine porte Sof white cattont "Era Toner mails Riek glee with a stall po con Hegcufulenare of fora 4 KINGSLEY ARMY SHOE CO. ‘MS Cottage Grove Ave, Dept X94, Chicgn, BAG es L_vair 2570 $6) w.americanradun Science and Invention for February, 1921 Now As Never Before You Need THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA ee eS smescoing ofthe erent nar brought remenone sins ino erry Geld of human ona and activi, Jn ene spedcing aera Shere ah aera ate gat there have ren epg malig coven 3 inven ete nas been 2 marked enaissance of tesdings “The industrics have felt the stimulus iy the demand for greater produc, ‘Tics fas bry a mcd catrace of rete Poe indies Bare tines the dea for Greate, grade fedinterest in social service, edueation and a new spirit sn religion rect result of the war and the athletics, in sports and games. As a there has been aroused a great incentive to the stud) nets, resourees, custo soman 2 great responsibility to understand ies and polities. The necessity for authorit ‘The Eneyclopac accurate information among man, the manufacturer, the work worker and teacher. English speaking peoples, fur in the indvstried, the sel 1g America on tha Wittibe cose coatines “Re? is "a ioe ‘canpalen ident on Fe Tcareneye waterways wansporation a A Treasure Chest of Knowledge am ina complete library of knowledge on eyery abject, UStiyon cam caderatand every branch of lence: rat Jigiaa inventions and cnpincerng: Bator? Sed peace, areca, anronomy, chee sd goat Genki ol doo 34000,000 Words 42,000,001 5 30,000 Pages Down 300,000 References Complete Latest Edition Balance in small monthly payments . SEARS, ROEBUCK AND CO., CHICAGO. ‘People are taking a greater interest than ever before Participation of the United States in. world affair, ‘of history and of foreign countries, ther peoples, government, prod: aad commerce, This tremendous quiskening of thought and. acti ‘meaning of . ve, comprehensive and unprejudiced information has) never been ‘so Britannica, known for one hundred and Alty years aa the standard authority and the hes the foundation of knowledge most needed by the business 'y puts upon every man and Science, art, industry, econom- eat. fe to ‘Present day developments i rreatest gu exporter, importer, student of world affairs, the social The Britannica in Women’s Affairs gr od "AS Se citcatlonal feeence ie fo cthnee cet Sos Seir tole iepensable to. supplement, i ithe subjects which they. ar Printed on the Famous India Paper vga te ans Feet or a eoere ae Bz SET EO a Orders accepted from any in the United States. Geatlemen:—Please send ‘giving fall toformation=| ATHOME! Plc “ind ‘teal bar and HSapiad Taser 0d pieces of munte Send Coupon NOW First Hawaiian Conservatory of Music, Tne. Ink Pencil :€. Smith ora Remington TYPEWRITER / Thoroughly rebuilt in our fac, {orybythetaous"Youne Proce Feat ba gine ke ERD Wehancie ‘Biaand maken Witiefor detain: Science and Invention for February, 1921 Book Review (Continued from page 110) “THE, HOW AND WHY OF RADIO APPARATUS,” By H. Winfield Secor. Cloth bound, size 634 x'9%4 inches, pro- fusely illustrated. Publight by exvenic wentex Puauisiixe Co., New York City, edly, orgsents the radio su ai, onc, od sean inlets ce adept tie columns ‘Condon Electrical Rete Trier ofthis lite ‘voluae’ pointy oat an ‘icles “Tlegraphy’ can author ie an" exfeeimentali taal an ORGANIC PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVEL- OBERS—By Samuel. Wein. Cloth eov- rs, size 6 by 9 inches, 138 pages, two Indexes. Publisht by Forty-Second Commercial. Studio, New st tr called enon, apd pubflestons, Yar the desc gro reacted, ae reaeied “ny feweloping, factorial de cmd toning 1 chemi ate setts, devoted tp be daca ean. ihe gruch detated ject of PCG ‘One interesting chapter describes the making af ‘YOUNG TYPEWRITER C8, ert. 69,Chinas LEARN WIRING AND EARN $75 A WEEK THIS BOOK WILL MAKE YOU ‘AN EXPERT WIRE MAN The National Authority on Wiring (or Twsenty-eovon Yours = eaereren erat “Type It Anywhere—Yourself” Spot, coe of operation, durability, and porta Tibet ualities Make Your Own Machine For Telegraphing Pictures te ina davoted tg the | nus ele ap tr te ae (Continued on page 1114) 2 swmn-americanradiohistScience and Invention for February, 1921 1113 ee ssid “At Last—A Real Job ee) Real Money” “And if only I’d started earlier, | could have had them five years ago. I didn’t realize at first what spare time study would do fora man. Taking up that I. C. S. course marked the real beginning of my success, In three months I received my first promotion. But I kept right on study- ing and I’ve been climbing ever since.” Every mail brings letters from some of the two million students of the International Correspondence Schools, telling of advancements and in- creased salaries won through spare time study. How much longer are you going to wait before taking the step that is bound to bring you more money? Isn’t it better to start ago eae now than to wait five years and then realize what INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE, | SCHOOLS the delay has cost you? | pectin thon eateteer For 29 years the I. C.S. have been helping men | ABS Hiee and women out of routine drudgery into work they like—helping them to win advancement, to have happy, prosperous homes, to know the joy of getting ahead in business and life. One hour after supper each night spent with the LCS. in the quiet of your own home will prepare you for the position you want in the work you like best. Yes, it will! Put it, up to us to prove it. With- out cost, without obligation, just mark and mail this coupon. www.americanradiohistory.com114 Take this Short Cut to Accomplish Your Ambition The Bld of etc Electrical Engineer with B.S. Degree in 3 Years Mail the coupon, mow, for full details ON CREDIT luo splendid antorement ofthe f Siar ssrarets olgeek hie SKINDERVIKEN ‘TRANSMITTER BUTTON Boge aed splice Pee ackinery. Fest the motor of youre ‘GENERAL SOUND TRANSMISSION CORP. Ream AT ERader Stet New York Book Review (Continued from page 1112) | SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL — By the person. One ills i covers, 5 by 7/4 inche Publisht by the Macmillan York ‘ 7 Gora weed Eg INDUCTION COILS IN THEORY AND PRACTISE — By Prof. F. E. Austin, 40 illustrations, "Cloth ‘covers, Shy B14 inches, 04 pages, Publisht by i H. age ef 5 full course a te Soto, © PRINCIPLES OF WAR—By Gen- ral Foch, Comman thief of the Xilied Aries. Two illastrations, maps in pocket cover. Cloth covers, y 844 inches, 372 pages. Publisht by the Il. K. Fly Co, New York role ELECTRIC WELDING—By Douglas T. Hamilton and Erie Oberg: Fully iil trated. “Cloth covers, ize 6 by. 994 inches, 294 pages. Publisht by the Tne Press, New York : INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATION — By Dr. Charles B. Steinmetz. Paper covers, 5 by 714 inches, 28 pages, Bublisht by the Industrial Extension Institute, Ine New. and"in th tite pompilet ifcrent formes of prok OF A GREAT FACTORY —By Charles M. Ripley, About 100 | illustrations. Cloth covers, 0 by 9% inches, 204 pages. “Publisht by the Gazetie Press, Schenectady, N.Y. Tetory, all” presented. 0) travis are given and the bok, ricton, is by Dr. Steiamete adil a | iyo the benef the Hmuranee Avan | PHENOMENA IN RALLEL CONDUCTORS — Ele- ments of Transmission. Volume 1. By Frederick Eugene Pernot. Clearly illus: trated. Cloth covers, 6 by 914 Inches (Continued on: poge 1116) | —vnnnw-americanradichist Science and Invention for February, 1921 | Free Book eS aClary RSAC EARL LIEDERMAN, 305 RMON, Bove 23.308 romday “A NEW AND EASY WAY TO PAINT SIGNS AND SHOW CARDS (OUR PATTERNS DO THE WORK1s EARNED PER WEEK by Burgess-Trained Men Science and Invention for February, 1921 *9O ro 125 experienced man. It give clectrical experience YORKE BURGESS, Supt Bugs Electra Sees tO, nd, Cage oS COMPLETE ELEcTRIcAL OUTFIT EiecTmicAL DRAFTING ; ELECTRICAL SLIDE RULE To Practical Men and Electrical Students have prepared a pocket-size note book especially for the practical man and those who are taking up the study of electricity. It contains drawings and diagram of electrical machinery and connections, over two hun- dred formulas for calculations, and problems worked out showing how the formulas are used. This data is taken from my personal note book, which was made while on different kinds of work, and I am sure it will bbe found of value to anyone engaged in the electrical business. ‘The drawings of connections for electrical apparatus include Motor Starters and Starting Boxes, Overload and Underload Release Boxes, Reversible Types, Eleva- tor Controllers, Tank Controllers, Starters for Printing Press Motors, Automatic Controllers, Variable Field ‘Type Controllers for Mine Locomotives, Street Car Controllers, Connections for Reversing Switches, Motor and Dynamo Rules and Rules for Speed Regulation. ‘Also, Connections for Induction Motors and Starters, Delta and Star Connections and Connections for Auto ‘Transformers, and Transformers for Lighting and Power Purposes. ‘The drawings also show all kinds of lighting circuits, including special controls where Three and Four Way Switches are used. ‘The work on Calculations co of ple Electrical BURGESS ENGINEERING C Power Plants, R. R. Signals, Electric Railroads, Industrial Problems a Specialty. Information furnished on electrical subjects. Inventio Consulting Electrical Engineering. BurgessTrained Men are not only getting $90.00 to $125.00 per week, but they -"» earning it. 'We do NOT promise you will do it, mY POLICY J vecause's - ood bit depends upon you alone: but the oppor 8 tunity is there and it is up to you to make the best of it. Burgess Service is so planned that it fits the needs of anyone desiring to succeed in electricity “whether he is a beginner oF an you the benefit of a lifetime of practical aprax ‘ely exactly what T ad where my students YORKE BURGESS, Supt. Dey. D, 145 East And SL__BURGESS ELECTRICAL SCHOOL hia, ‘Mathematics, Electrical Units, Electrical Connections, Calculating Unknown Resistances, Calculation of Cur rent in Branches of Parallel Circuits, How to Figure Weight of Wire, Wire Gauge Rules, Ohm's Law, Watt's Law, Information Regarding Wire Used for Electrical Purposes, Wire Calculations, Wiring Calculations, Tu mination Calculations, Shunt Instruments and How to Calculate Resistance ‘of Shunts, Power Calculations, Efficiency Calculations, Measuring Unknown Resis tances, Dynamo and Dynamo Troubles, Motors and Motor Troubles, and Caleulating Size of Pulleys. Also Alternating Current Calculations in finding Imped- ance, Reactance, Inductance, Frequency, Alternations, Speed of Alternators and Motors, Number of Poles in Alternators or Motors, Conductance, Susceptance, Ad- mittance, Angle of Lag and Power Factor, and for- ‘mulas for use with Line Transformers. ‘The book, called the “Burgess Blue Book,” is published and sold by the Burgess Engineering Company for ‘one dollar ($1.00) per copy, postpaid. If you wish one of the books, send me your order with a dollar bill, check or money order. ‘Lknow the value of the book and can guarantee its satisfaction to you by returning your money if you decide not to keep it after having had it for five days. ‘Yorke Burgess, Consulting Engincor ‘= TH East Atad St, Chicago, Iinols perfected.