Form 5: Chapter 13 (Linear Law)

SPM Flashback
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1

1 y = px 2 + qx 3 (a) y = mx 2
y
= px + q log10 y = log10 mx 2
x log10 y = log10 m + log10 x 2
log10 y = log10 m + 2 log10 x
y
For the point (2, 6), x = 2 and = 6. log 10 y = 2 log 10 x + log 10 m
x
∴ 6 = p(2) + q … c
Gradient Y-intercept
y
For the point (10, 2), x = 10 and = 2.
x (b) (i) Y-intercept = −1
∴ 2 = p(10) + q … d log10 m = −1
m = 10−1
1
d − c: −4 = 8 p ⇒ p = −
2 m=
1
10
⎛ 1⎞
From c: 6 = ⎜− ⎟(2) + q ⇒ q = 7 (ii) Gradient = 2
⎝ 2⎠ k − (−1)
=2
2− 0
2 y = 7x 2 − x 3
k +1 = 4
y
= 7− x k=3
x2
4 y = −3x 3 + 4
The straight line passes through the
y 4
y = −3 + 3 Divide throughout by x3.
point (2, h). Thus, x = 2 and 2 = h . x3 x
x ⎛1⎞
y
y = 4⎜ 3 ⎟ − 3 Rearrange
= 7− x x 3
⎝x ⎠
x2
h = 7− 2 (Y = 4 X + c)
h=5
y 1
By comparison, Y = 3
and X = 3 .
The straight line passes through the x x
y
point (k, 3). Thus, x = k and 2 = 3 .
x
y
= 7− x
x2
3= 7− k
k=4

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 Paper 2

1 (a) y = ab x2 Non-linear
(b)
x 1 2 3 4 5 log10 y = log10 a + x 2 log10 b
y 1.32 1.76 2.83 5.51 13.00
→ x2 1 4 9 16 25 (i) Y-intercept = 0.08 Linear
↑ log 10 y 0.121 0.246 0.452 0.741 1.114 log10 a = 0.08
The graph of log10 y against x2 is as shown a = antilog 0.08
below. a = 1.2

0.74 − 0.12
(ii) Gradient =
16 − 1
0.62
log10 b = = 0.04133
15
b = antilog 0.04133
b = 1.1

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 2 (a) (b) (i) log10 p = Y-intercept
→ x 2 4 6 8 10 12 log10 p = 0.36
y 5.18 11.64 26.20 58.95 132.63 298.42
p = 2.29
↑ log10 y 0.71 1.07 1.42 1.77 2.12 2.47
(ii) log10 k = gradient
y = pk x
2.12 − 1.42
log10 y = log10 p + x log10 k log10 k =
10 − 6
0.7
The graph of log10 y against x is a straight- log10 k =
line graph, as shown below: 4
log10 k = 0.175
k = 1.5

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3 (a) (b) (i) From the graph, the value of y which
x 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 is incorrectly recorded is 9.9.
y 7.0 7.7 8.4 9.9 10.1 11.0
→ xy 17.5 23.1 29.4 39.6 45.5 55.0 The actual value of y is given by:
↑ x
2
6.3 9.0 12.3 16.0 20.3 25.0 xyactual = 37
4( yactual) = 37
The graph of xy against x2 is as shown
yactual = 9.25
below.
p
(ii) y = qx +
qx
p
xy = qx 2 +
q

q = Gradient
55 − 5
q=
25 − 0
q=2

p
= Y-intercept
q
p
=5
q
p
=5
2
p = 10

46
4 (a) (b) y = hq x + 1
x 1 3 5 7 9 11 log10 y = log10 h + (x + 1) log10 q
y 5 20 80 318 1270 5050
→ x+1 2 4 6 8 10 12 log10 y = (x + 1) log10 q + log10 h
↑ log10 y 0.70 1.30 1.90 2.50 3.10 3.70 Gradient Y-intercept
The graph of log10 y against (x + 1) is as Y-intercept = 0.1
shown below.
log10 h = 0.1
h = 1.26

3.7 − 0.7
Gradient =
12 − 2
log10 q = 0.3
q=2

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