1. Simplify the following expressions using the laws of exponents.

n1
2n 2
a. (x x )
Answer: =(xn+1+2n)2
=(x3n+1)2
=x (3n+1)x2
=x 6n+2

b.

6a6
5
b

b2

2
4a

2b
2
a

36a12 xb6 x8 b3
--------------------- =
b10 x64a6 xa 6
36a 12-6-6 x8b 6+3-10
=----------------------64.
9 a0 x b -1
=--------------2
9
=---2b

(2x2y)2 (4x3y4 )3
(64x6y5)2
c. .
4 x4y2 (64x9 y12)
-------------------64 .64 x12y10
4x13y14
xy4
----------- =-------64x12 y10 16
xy4
=-----16
d.

an1
m2
b

bm1
n1
a

a3n+3 b4m+4
=------------------B3m-6 a4n-4
=a(3n+3-4n+4) b(4m+4-3m+6) =a7-n bm+10
2. For each given expression, remove all negative exponents and
simplify.
x1y3

0 5
2x y

a.
x2 y -6
x2
---------- = ------2 y10
2y16
2x

2
3y
y3
b.

y3 .3y2
=---------2x
3y 5
=-----2x
(3xy1)2
1 3
c. (2x y)
6x2y -2
=---------6x -3 y 3
x5
=---y5

4x2(yz)1
2 4 2 2
d. (5) x y z
4x -2 y-1z -1
= -------------25x4 y2z -2
4z
=--25x6 y3

3. Evaluate the given polynomial/algebraic expression.

3
2
a. 2x 3x 3x 2 given that x = 2
=2 .23-3.2

+3.2-2

= 16-12+6 -2
= 22-14
=8
2
2
b. 2x 3xy y when x = -2 and y = -3

= 2.(-2) 2- 3(-2)(-3) +(-3)

= 8-18+9
= -1

2x 3y
7z when x = 2, y = 6, and z = -1
c.

2.2 -3.6
---------7(-1)
4-18
=-----7
=2

4. Give the degree of each polynomial in x, y, and x & y

Degree in x Degree in y Degree in x & y
3
2 2
3
5
a. x y x y xy y
____3_____ ____5_____ ___5______
8
5 4
10
b. 4x 3x y y

5. Simplify.

___8______ ____10_____ ____9_____

a. 6x 4y {2z [ x y (x z )] y } y
=6x -4y { 2z +[-x+y-x+z]+y}+y
6x-4y-{2z-2x+y+z+y}+y
=6x-4y-3z+2x-2y+y =8x-5y-3z
2
2
2
2
b. a {3a a ( 2a a 1) a } 1

a2+{3a-2a2-2a2+a-1}+1 =a2+4a-4a2-1+1= 4a-3a2

c. 3 {2x [ 1 (x y)] [ x 2y ]}
3-{2x-[1-x-y]+x-2y} =3- {3x-2y-1+x+y} =3-4x+y+1=4-4x+y
6. Add:
2
2
a. (3x 5y 3) , 2x 2y and (y 3)
=3x2+5y-3+2x2-2y y-3
= 5x2+2y-6
2
2
b. 6x 4x 1 , 7x 3x and 9 x

=6x2-4x-1+7x-3x2+9-x
=3x2+2x+8
7. Subtract:
2
2
a. (2x 7x 2) from 5x 6x 1)
5x2-6x+1 -2x2-7x+2
= 3x2-13x+3
2
2
b. (2x x) by (4 x x )

=2x2-x +4-x+x2
=3x2-2x+4

8. Simplify:
2
2
2
a. (x 1) (4x 5) (x x 2)
=x2+1-4x2-5+x2+x-2
= -2x2+x-6
2
2
2
b. (x x 2) (2x 3x 5) (x 1)

=x2-x+2+2x2-3x+5-x2+1
=2x2-4x+8
9. Find the indicated product.
2
2
3
3
2 2
a. ( xy z)(2x yz )(2x yz )
= -4x9 y5z8
n1 n1
n
1 n
b. a (a a a )

=a n2-1 + an(n-1) a

(n-1)2

c. f. (m + n 1)2
f(m2+n2+1+2mn-2m-2n)
d. (x2 x + 1)(x2 + 2x 3)
=x4-x3+x2+2x3-2x2+2x-3x2+3x-3
=x4+x3-4x2-3
e. . (2x + y)3 =8x3+12x2y+6xy2+y3
=(4a2-b2)(4a2+b2)
=16a4-b4
f.

(2a b)( 2a b)( 4a 2 b 2 )

=(4a2-b2)(4a2+b2) =16a4-b4

2
3
4
2 3
6
g. (x y )(x x y y )

= x6-y6

10. Perform the indicated division.

a. (8x3 + 1) (2x + 1)

=4x2-2x+1

2ar2bs1 4ar1bs
2ar bs1
b.
=a2-2ab
c. (x4 + x2 + 2x 1) (x + 3)
=x3-3x2+10x-28

with remainder 83

11. Find the quotient and the remainder using synthetic division.
a. (3x3 - x + 1) (x 1) quo=3x2+3x-4 remder= -3
b. (x4 + 1) (x + 1) quo=x3-x2+x-1 remainder = 2
12. Factor out the given polynomials completely.
2
a. x (a y) (a y) .
= (a+y)(x2-1)
b.

x3y 2x2y2 xy3

=xy(x-y)2
c.

(x y 1)2 1
=(x-y)(x-y+2)

4
d. 2x 18

=2(x2+3)(x2-3)
3
e. 1 (x y)

=(1-x+y)(1+x-y+[x-y]2)
f.

a3 b3c3
= (a+bc)(a2-abc+b2c2)

8
6
7
g. 16x 7x 6x

= x6(2x-1)(8x+7)
2
2
h. x 6xy 9y

= (x-3y)2
i.

3x3 2x2 12x 8

=(x+2)(x-2)(3x+2)

j.

2x 6 xy2 3y2
=(2-Y)(x-3)
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