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EFFMFNFOUPT BGFDUBOBMPTDSPOPUPQPTPSJHJOBMFTZQFSNJUFOVOBUSBOTGPSNBDJOFTUJ
MTUJDBFJEFPMHJDBEFMUFYUPGVFOUF

-BBEBQUBDJOEFOUSPEFMBQSPEVDDJODJOFNBUPHSDB
De acuerdo a la operatividad de la produccin cinematogrca, se puede observar
que la adaptacin se produce sucesivamente de la siguiente manera:



 MFDUVSB EFM UFYUP GVFOUF QPS QBSUF EFM TVKFUP USBEVDUPS EJSFDUPS  HVJPOJTUB F

JODMVTP QSPEVDUPS
 
 EFOJDJO EFM BSHVNFOUP Z USBNB EF MB BEBQUBDJO DPO CBTF
FOFMFTUJMPEFMEJSFDUPSFOFMDBTPEFMEFOPNJOBEPDJOFEFBVUPSZPUSPTFMFNFOUPT
DPNP QSFTVQVFTUP  FYQFDUBUJWBT EF EJTUSJCVDJO Z QCMJDP BM RVF WB EJSJHJEP FO FM
DBTPEFMEFOPNJOBEPDJOFDPNFSDJBM
EFTBSSPMMPEFVOHVJOMJUFSBSJP NJTNPRVF
JNQMJDBZBVOBUSBEVDDJOEFUJQPJOUSBMJOHTUJDB ZFOFMRVFTFPCTFSWBOMBTQSJNFSBT
NPEJDBDJPOFTQMBOUFBEBTQPS5PSPQ
EFTBSSPMMPEFVOHVJOUDOJDPRVFEJTQPOF
MBTUPNBTZMPTFODVBESFTDPOMPTRVFTFSFQSFTFOUBSOMBTTJUVBDJPOFT ZRVFGVODJPOB
DPNP VO JOTUSVDUJWP QBSB MB DPOTUSVDDJO EF MB JNHFOFT  Z 
 EFTBSSPMMP EFM 4UPSZ
CPBSE RVFDPOTUJUVZFVOBQSJNFSBGPSNBEFUSBEVDDJOJOUFSTFNJUJDBRVF DPOCBTF
FOFMHVJOUDOJDP FTCP[BMBTUPNBTEFMBQFMDVMBBQBSUJSEFVOVOBTFSJFEFDVBESPT
TFDVFODJBMFTSFQSFTFOUBEPTFOEJCVKPT ZFOMPTDVBMFTDBEBEFQBSUBNFOUPTFCBTBQBSB
EFTBSSPMMBSWFTUVBSJP FTDFOPHSBGB JMVNJOBDJO FUDUFSB


&OUSNJOPTHFOFSBMFTEFMDJOFDPNFSDJBM FOQSPEVDDJPOFTEFBMUPQSFTVQVFTUPZDJOFOPFYQFSJNFOUBM



'JOBMNFOUF TPOMNBEBTMBTUPNBTZ EFFOUSFFMNBUFSJBMDPOTFHVJEPFOJNBHFO TF

NPOUBMBUSBNBNFEJBOUFFMQSPDFTPEFFEJDJOTUFFTFMMUJNPQBTPEFMBDPOTUSVDDJO
EFMTFOUJEPEFMBIJTUPSJBZBRVFFTUFQSPDFTPEFOFMBTVDFTJOEFBDDJPOFTFOMBQFMDVMB
BQBSUJSEFVOSJUNPQBSUJDVMBS

"OMJTJTEFVODBTPQBSUJDVMBS
.PVMJO3PVHF QFMDVMBEFMEJSFDUPS#B[-VISNBOO BQBSFDFNTEFDJFOBPTEFTQVT
EF MB PCSB EF %VNBT -B EBNB EF MBT DBNFMJBT "VORVF FM EJSFDUPS  RVJFO UBNCJO
QBSUJDJQFOMBSFBMJ[BDJOEFMHVJO OPBOVODJBRVFTVPCSBTFBVOBBEBQUBDJO TF
QVFEFOJEFOUJDBSMPTFMFNFOUPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEFVOBPCSBFOMBPUSB
-BTFDVFODJBJOJDJBMEFMBQFMDVMB DVZBEVSBDJOFTEFDVBUSPNJOVUPTBQSPYJ
NBEBNFOUF FYQPOFMBTQSJODJQBMFTDBSBDUFSTUJDBTEFMPTUSFTDSPOPUPQPTZBQMBOUFBEPT
1PS VO MBEP  MB VCJDBDJO FTQBDJP UFNQPSBM TF NVFTUSB QSJNFSP DPO MB DPSUJOJMMB EF
1BST    Z QPTUFSJPSNFOUF DPO MB JNBHFO EFM .PVMJO 3PVHF  MB UPSSF &JFM Z VO
SQJEP SFDPSSJEP BOJNBEP RVF TF IBDF EFTEF MB QVOUB EF MB UPSSF IBTUB FM CBSSJP EF
.POUNBSUSF QBTBOEPHJMNFOUFQPSMBTDBMMFTEF1BST


-B QSFTFOUBDJO EF QFSTPOBKFT  FT EFDJS FM DSPOPUPQP QTJDPMHJDP  JOJDJB DPO VO

QSJNFSOBSSBEPS TFUSBUBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMQJOUPSEFMBQPDB5PVMPVTF-BVUSFD 
RVJFOBTVWF[SFQSFTFOUBBVOBiDUBSB JOTUSVNFOUPNVTJDBM
RVFTMPEJDFMBWFSEBEu 
mMPDVBMTFDPNQSFOEFSDPOGPSNFBWBODFMBOBSSBDJOmZRVFJOUSPEVDFBMQSPUBHPOJTUB
BUSBWTEFMBVUJMJ[BDJOEFMDPWFSEFVOBDBODJOEFNFEJBEPTEFMTJHMPQBTBEPUJUVMBEB
/BUVSF#PZ%FTQVT MBWP[OBSSBEPSBQBTBBMQSPUBHPOJTUBEFMBIJTUPSJB$ISJTUJBO VO
KPWFO FTDSJUPS RVF JOUSPEVDF B MPT EFNT QFSTPOBKFT  BT DPNP FM SPM RVF KVFHBO FO MB
IJTUPSJB BEFNTEFEFTDSJCJSFM.PVMJO3PVHFFOEPOEFTFMMFWBSOBDBCPMBTBDDJPOFT
GVOEBNFOUBMFTEFTUB5PEPFTUPTFDVFOUBDPOWP[FOPZBUSBWTEFVOBFEJDJORVFWB
EFMPRVFSFMBUBFOTVNRVJOBEFFTDSJCJSBMBTJNHFOFTEFDBEBVOPEFMPTQFSTPOBKFT


&MDSPOPUPQPNFUBGTJDPFTUJNQMDJUPUBOUPFOMPTFMFNFOUPTDJOFNBUPHSDPT

VUJMJ[BEPTDPNPMBJMVNJOBDJO MBNTJDBZMBFEJDJO DVZBGVODJOFTSFDSFBSFTUBEPTEF

4FSHJP8PMGEJTUJOHVFEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFBEBQUBDJOEFBDVFSEPBMBMFDUVSBZQSPZFDDJOQPSQBSUFEFMUSBEVDUPS
MBUSBOTQPTJDJOFODVCJFSUBSFTVMUBVOBWFSTJOOPEFDMBSBEBEFVOUFYUPBOUFSJPSZEFMBDVBMTFQVFEFOJEFOUJDBS
FMFNFOUPTPOJWFMFTEPNJOBOUFTRVFEFUFSNJOBOMBVOJEBEUFYUVBM



OJNPBTDPNPFOMPTEJMPHPTZMBQVFTUBFOFTDFOBFOHFOFSBMTFCVTDBSFQSFTFOUBSMB
JOUFODJOJEFPMHJDBEFMEJSFDUPS FOFTUFDBTPMBGSBTFSFJUFSBEBEFi-PNTJNQPSUBOUF
FOMBWJEBFTBNBSZTFSBNBEPBDBNCJPu


$PODMVTJPOFT
3FTVMUBJOUFSFTBOUFPCTFSWBSRVFFOMBTVDFTJOEFQBTPTQBSBMBBEBQUBDJOTFJOWP
MVDSBO EJGFSFOUFT GPSNBT EF USBEVDDJO  DPNP FM DBTP EF MB JOUSBMJOHTUJDB FO MB
DPOTUSVDDJOEFMHVJOMJUFSBSJP RVFTVQPOFVOBZMBTFSJFEFQSPDFTPTJOUFSTFNJUJDPT
EFMHVJOUDOJDPBMTUPSZCPBSE ZEFMPTEJCVKPTEFTUFBMBTFTDFOBTMNBEBTBTDPNP
MBJOUSBTFNJUJDBFOUSFMPTUSBUBNJFOUPTEFMNPOUBKFQBSBPCUFOFSMBWFSTJOOBM


&O FTUF DBTP QBSUJDVMBS  FM UFYUP NFUB TF DPOTUSVZF NFEJBOUF MB USBOTQPTJDJO

EFMMFHVBKFMJUFSBSJPBMMFOHVBKFDJOFNBUPHSDP EPNJOBOEPFMHOFSPNVTJDBMDPOMB
VUJMJ[BDJO EF DPWFST SFQSFTFOUBUJWPT EF MB EDBEB EF  QBSB MB QSFTFOUBDJO EF
QFSTPOBKFTZDPOTUSVDDJOEFTVTEJMPHPT.PVMJO3PVHFSFDVQFSBFMBSHVNFOUPFJODMVTP
MBUSBNBEFMBPCSBPSJHJOBMEF%VNBTNPEJDBOEPMPTDSPOPUPQPTHFOFSBMNFOUFBUSBWT
EFFTUSBUFHJBTJOUFSUFYUVBMFTDPNPMBDJUB MBBMVTJO MBQBSPEJBZMBDBSOBWBMJ[BDJO
&MUFYUPNFUBSFDVQFSBFMSPNBODFJSSFBMJ[BCMF MBFOGFSNFEBEEFMBQSPUBHPOJTUB MBT
QPTJDJPOFT TPDJBMFTJEFPMHJDBT EF MPT QFSTPOBKFT  BT DPNP MB JOUSJHB  FM QFSEO Z
OBMNFOUFMBNVFSUFEFMBQSPUBHPOJTUBEFMUFYUPGVFOUF


$PNPSFTVMUBEP MBBEBQUBDJODJOFNBUPHSDB BEFNTEFDSFBSVOBWFSTJOEFM

UFYUPGVFOUF SFQSFTFOUBMBDSFBDJOEFVOOVFWPUFYUPRVFTFQVFEFMFFSZEJTGSVUBS
DPNP BVUOPNP Z PSJHJOBM  DVZP WBMPS FTUUJDP QVFEF TFS EPCMF  DPNP VOB PCSB
DJOFNBUPHSDBZDPNPVOBBEBQUBDJO

#JCMJPHSBGB
+BLPCTPO 3PNBO 
i4PCSFMPTBTQFDUPTMJOHTUJDPTEFMBUSBEVDDJOuFO5FPSBT
EFMBUSBEVDDJO&EJDJOEF%NBTP-QF[(BSDB &TDVFMBEFUSBEVDUPSFTEF5PMFEP 
6OJWFSTJEBEEF$BTUJMMB-B.BODIB
1FB"SEJE $BSNFO 
-JUFSBUVSBZDJOFVOBBQSPYJNBDJODPNQBSBUJWB &EJUPSJBM
$UFESB .BESJE



5PSPQ 1FFUFS 


*OUFSTFNJPTJTZUSBEVDDJOJOUFSTFNJUJDBFO$VJDVJMDP3FWJTUBEF
MB&TDVFMB/BDJPOBMEF"OUSPQPMPHBF)JTUPSJB
/P .YJDP NBZPBHPTUP
Wolf, Sergio (2001), Cine/Literatura. Ritos de pasaje, Paids (Estudios de comunicacin), Argentina.




-BDPOTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPFOFMDJOF
JOEFQFOEJFOUFEFTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFT
OPSUFBNFSJDBOP
'FMJQF4JMWB3PVTTF

&MUJFNQPFOFMDJOFFTMBDPOTUSVDDJOMHJDBEFTFDVFODJBTRVFEBDPNPSFTVMUBEPVOB
OBSSBDJOWFSPTNJM&TUBJOWFTUJHBDJOQSFUFOEFNPTUSBSMBGPSNBFORVFFMUJFNQPTF
DPOTUSVZFFOFMDJOFJOEFQFOEJFOUFOPSUFBNFSJDBOPEFQFMDVMBTDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSB
MFT ZDNPFTUBUFNQPSBMJEBEEFTBMUPTQVFEFMMFHBSBBGFDUBSMBFTUSVDUVSBOBSSBUJWBFO
FMMNF ZMBQFSDFQDJORVFFMMFDUPSMMFHBBUFOFSEFMBOBSSBDJO
1BSBMPHSBSFMPCKFUJWPTFBOBMJ[BSPOMBTTJHVJFOUFTQFMDVMBT3FHSFTJPOFT EJSJHJEB
QPS +PIO .BZCVSZ %POOJF %BSLP  EJSJHJEB QPS 3JDIBSE ,FMMZ  Z &GFDUP NBSJQPTB 
EJSJHJEBQPS&SJD#SFTT%JDIBTQFMDVMBTNVFTUSBOVOBFTUSVDUVSBOBSSBUJWBEFTBMUPT
UFNQPSBMFT QPSFMMP TVPSEFOBDJOGBWPSFDFBVOBOMJTJTFTUSVDUVSBMZUFNQPSBM


1BSBMBJOWFTUJHBDJOTFFMJHJFSPOTFDVFODJBTSFQSFTFOUBUJWBT RVFGVFSPOBOBMJ[BEBT

QPSNFEJPEFEJTUJOUBTUFPSBTTFNJUJDBTSFGFSFOUFTBMUJFNQPZOBSSBDJO-BOBMJEBE
EFMBOMJTJTEFMBTTFDVFODJBTFTIBDFSFWJEFOUFMBEJDVMUBEOBSSBUJWBRVFBMHVOPTMNFT
QSPZFDUBOBMNPNFOUPEFEFTEPCMBSTVOBSSBDJOBVOBEJGFSFOUFUFNQPSBMJEBE


-BT UFPSBT ZP BQPZPT UFSJDPT QBSB FM BOMJTJT DPSSFTQPOEFO B MPT TJHVJFOUFT

BVUPSFT6NCFSUP&DP 'SBODPJT+PTU 'SBODP#FUUFUJOJ 1BVM3JDVS 4FSHFJ&JTFOTUFJO 


1JFS1BPMP1BTPMJOJ 4JMWFTUSB.BSJOJFMMPZ$ISJTUJBO.FU[


1BSBDPNFO[BS FTOFDFTBSJPFOUFOEFSQSJNFSPRVFFMDJOFFTDDJO ZBCJFOMP

TFBMB"OUPOJP$PTUBi&MDJOFFTVOMFOHVBKFDPOTVTSFHMBTZDPOWFODJPOFTu $PTUB 

 "EFNT  DPNP FM NJTNP $BTFUUJ BSNB  FT OFDFTBSJP QBSUJS EF MB BDFQUBDJO
EFM DJOF DPNP VO GFONFOP DVMUVSBM  QFSP BEFNT JODMVJS MB FTQFDJBMJ[BDJO EF MBT
JOUFSWFODJPOFTZMBJOUFSOBDJPOBMJ[BDJOEFMEFCBUF MMFWBOEPBMBQSFPDVQBDJOQPSFM
FTUVEJPEFMDJOFBVOUFSSFOPNVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSJP


1BSB EFKBS NT DMBSP MP BOUFSJPS  FT JOEJTQFOTBCMF FOUFOEFS RVF FM DJOF OP FT

VOBSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMBSFBMJEBE OJOHOTVKFUPQVFEFQSFTFOUBSVONVOEPFYUFSOP 
QSFFYJTUFOUFZDPOUFOJEPEFOUSPEFMFODVBESFZFMUJFNQPEFMBIJTUPSJBJOUSOTFDBEFM



MNF.BSJOJFMMPIBDFIJODBQJFOFMIFDIPEFRVFFMDJOFQSPEVDFEFOVFWPMBSFBMJEBE 
FMFTQBDJP MBTSFMBDJPOFT FMUJFNQPEFOUSPEFTNJTNPFMDJOFBOVMBMBSFBMJEBEQBSB
HFOFSBSMBQSPQJB .BSJOJFMMP



%FKBOEPDMBSBTMBTQSFNJTBTEF.BSJOJFMMPZ1BTPMJOJ FMEFNPTUSBSMBGPSNBFO

MBRVFFMUJFNQPTFDPOTUSVZFEFOUSPEFMDJOFFTVOQVOUPJNQPSUBOUFEFQBSUJEB ZB
RVFEFTEFFTUBQFSTQFDUJWB MBDDJOQVFEFNBOJQVMBSFMUJFNQPFOTVCFOFDJP1BSB
FMMP #FUUFUJOJEFOFBMUJFNQPGMNJDPDPNPVOPEFMPTGVOEBNFOUPTEFMBFYQSFTJO
DJOFNBUPHSDB RVF FTU SFMFHBEP B VOB DPOTJEFSBDJO QSFGFSFOUFNFOUF SFGFSFODJBM 
SFQSFTFOUBUJWBP TFHOMPTFOGPRVFTMNPMHJDPT BOBMJ[BOEPTVWBSJBOUFQTJDPMHJDB 
FO TV EJNFOTJO JOUFSJPS B MB BDUJWJEBE SFDFQUJWB F JOUFHSBUJWB EFM FTQFDUBEPS 1PS
PUSPMBEP #FUUFUJOJQSPQPOFFMPCKFUPUJFNQPEFMEJTDVSTPGMNJDP RVFiIBJOEBHBEP
DPNPVOJWFSTPDUJDJPRVFTJNCPMJ[BFMVOJWFSTPUFNQPSBMEFMBSFBMJEBE USBUBOEPEF
EFUFSNJOBSFOMBQSDUJDBDJOFNBUPHSDBMPTDEJHPTZSFHMBTDBQBDFTEFHBSBOUJ[BSVOB
SFMBDJOEFTJHOJDBDJOZSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMPTEJTUJOUPTTVDFTPTEFMQSJNFSPSFTQFDUP
B MPT EFM TFHVOEPu #FUUFUJOJ 
 %F GPSNB NT TFODJMMB FT FM UJFNQP EF #FUUFUJOJ 
VOiPSEFOEFTVDFTJOJSSFWFSTJCMFDPNPVOFMFNFOUPCTJDPEJTDSJNJOBOUFFOUSFMPT
EJGFSFOUFT NPEPT EF DPOFYJO  EF MPT TVDFTPTu #FUUFUJOJ 
 %JDIB UFNQPSBMJEBE
DPOTUJUVZF MB PSEFOBDJO MHJDB EF VO UPEP B USBWT EF DPOFYJPOFT EJFHUJDBT  RVF
HFOFSBMPRVF(JMMFT%FMFV[FEFOPNJOBVOBJNBHFOEFUJFNQP


%FOUSPEFMBUFNQPSBMJEBEDJOFNBUPHSDB DPNPZBGVFNFODJPOBEP TFBOVMB

MB SFBMJEBE QBSB HFOFSBS VOB SFBMJEBE GMNJDB DPNP %FMFV[F BSNB  EFOUSP EF TUB
TF SFTVFMWFO DPOJDUPT Z TJUVBDJPOFT B USBWT EF MB WFSPTJNJMJUVE EF MB JNBHFO FO
NPWJNJFOUPQPSFTUBSB[OFMDJOFOPQVFEFTFSFOUFOEJEPFOVOJEBEFTNOJNBTEF
TJHOJDBEPDPNPMPTPOMPTGPUPHSBNBT


&MDJOFDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFTQSFTFOUBEJTUJOUBTUFNQPSBMJEBEFT FTUBJOWFTUJHBDJO

IBDFVOBEJWJTJOEFMUJFNQPDPOMBOBMJEBEEFFOUFOEFSFMEFTEPCMBNJFOUPOBSSBUJWP
QSFTFOUFFOMPTZBNFODJPOBEPTMNFT


&TJNQPSUBOUFBDMBSBSRVFEFOUSPEFMBTFTUSVDUVSBTOBSSBUJWBTEFNPWJNJFOUPT

UFNQPSBMFT TF FODVFOUSB VOB OVFWB GPSNB EF OBSSBDJO B MB RVF UBNCJO %FMFV[F
IBDFSFGFSFODJBMPJOUFSFTBOUFEFOUSPEFFTUBTOVFWBTFTUSVDUVSBTOBSSBUJWBTTFDFOUSB
FO MP RVF FM BVUPS BSHVNFOUB iMBT GPSNBT NPEFSOBT EF OBSSBDJO FNBOBO EF MBT
DPNQPTJDJPOFTZUJQPTEFJNBHFOUJFNQPu %FMFV[F




&TUBTFTUSVDUVSBTEFOBSSBDJOUFNQPSBMTFGVTJPOBOFOPUSPTDPNQPOFOUFTUFNQPSBMFT 
RVFQBSBOFTEFFTUBJOWFTUJHBDJOTFBQMJDBOEFMBTJHVJFOUFGPSNB
-BQSJNFSBDPOTUSVDDJOUFNQPSBMRVFTFQSPQPOFFTMBEFMUJFNQPPCKFUJWBPUBNCJO
DPOPDJEBDPNPUJFNQPEFMBFOVODJBDJO"QPZOEPTFFO#FUUFUJOJ FTUBUFNQPSBMJEBE
DSFBVOUJFNQPRVFFMFTQFDUBEPSGPS[PTBNFOUFUJFOFRVFWJWJS FMFTQFDUBEPSSFDPSSF
FM VOJWFSTP UFNQPSBM QSFDPOTUSVJEP Z IFUFSPEJSJHJEP QPS FM UJFNQP PCKFUJWP FTUB
JOTFSDJO EFBDVFSEPDPO#FUUFUJOJ FTUDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSTVEJGFSFODJBFOSFGFSFODJB
BMVOJWFSTPSFGFSJEPPSFQSFTFOUBEP ZTPCSFUPEPQPSTVOFDFTJEBEZOPBMUFSBCJMJEBE
SFTQFDUP BM QSPDFTP EF MFDUVSB 0USB GPSNB EF DPODFQDJO EF UJFNQP PCKFUJWP FT MB
DPOUJOVJEBEEFTVDFTPTRVFOBMNFOUFGPSNBSOVOBVOJEBEJOEJWJTJCMF DPNP)VTTFSM
EFOPUBZBVORVFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFEJDIBTEJWJTJPOFTTFBOQPTJCMFTFTUFMQSPEVDUP
OBMGMNJDPQPSFODJNBEFMBTQBSUFTRVFMPDPNQPOFO


&M UJFNQP GMNJDP EF TBMUPT UFNQPSBMFT  EF BDVFSEP B MBT QFMDVMBT WJTUBT QBSB

FTUF BOMJTJT  DPOUJFOF TJFNQSF BM NFOPT EPT UFNQPSBMJEBEFT -B QSJNFSB QBSB FTUB
JOWFTUJHBDJO TFS MMBNBEB UJFNQP IJTUSJDP  EPOEF TF DFOUSBS FM IJMP DPOEVDUPS EF
MBOBSSBDJO1BSBMFMPBTUF TJFOEPEFDPOTUSVDDJOOBSSBUJWBZEFFWFOUPTFONJTNB
GPSNBFOMBRVFTFDPOTUSVZFFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDP FTUFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOP"IPSB
MB DPOTUSVDDJO EF UJFNQP PCKFUJWP EF MBT QFMDVMBT BOBMJ[BEBT DPOUFOES FOUPODFT
EPTUJFNQPTRVFJOUFSBDUVBSOEVSBOUFUPEPFMUJFNQPGMNJDPFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZFM
UJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOP


-BTFHVOEBUFNQPSBMJEBERVFMBJOWFTUJHBDJONBOFKBFTFMUJFNQPEFMBMFDUVSBP

UBNCJODPOPDJEPDPNPUJFNQPEFMBWJTJOEF#FUUFUJOJ1BSB3JDVS MBMFDUVSBNFEJB
FOUSFFMNVOEPEFDDJOEFMUFYUPZFMNVOEPFGFDUJWPEFMMFDUPSFTBRVEPOEFSBEJDBMB
JNQPSUBODJBEFMUJFNQPIVNBOPRVFTFBGFDUBMPTFGFDUPTEFDDJO FGFDUPTEFSFWF
MBDJOZEFUSBOTGPSNBDJOTPOUPEPTGVOEBNFOUBMNFOUFFGFDUPTEFMFDUVSB3JDVSBS
NBDNPFTRVF QPSNFEJPEFMBMFDUVSB FTEFUFSNJOBEBMBSFMBDJOEFBQMJDBDJORVF
DPOTUJUVZFFMFRVJWBMFOUFEFMBSFMBDJOEFSFQSFTFOUBDJOFOFMUFSSFOPEFMBDDJO


$PO CBTF FO MP BOUFSJPS  Z QBSB GVOEBS FM SFMBUP  +PTU TFBMB MB OFDFTJEBE EFM

TFNJMPHPEFQBSUJSEFMPRVFTFMFBQBSFDFBMFTQFDUBEPSFOFTUFTFOUJEP iDPNQSFOEFS
DPNPTFDPNQSFOEFu FTEFTDSJCJSMBGFOPNFOPMPHBEFMPOBSSBUJWP%FIFDIP FT+PTUFM
RVFTFBMBEPTTJUVBDJPOFTFWJEFOUFT



 &M SFMBUP FYJTUF FO MB NFEJEB FO RVF FT SFDPOPDJEP QPS DVBMRVJFS iVTVBSJP
JOHFOVPu FTEFDJS IBZVOBJNQSFTJOEFOBSSBUJWJEBE
&MSFMBUPFTVOPCKFUPSFBMGVFSBEFOPTPUSPT
4FSOBMNFOUFFMUJFNQPEFMBMFDUVSBVOBDPOTUSVDDJOEFMBIJTUPSJB TVDPSSFMBUP MB
SFMBDJOFOUSFTUBTZMBGPSNBFOMBRVFFMFTQFDUBEPSMBTQFSDJCF-BMFDUVSBEFMMNF 
DPNP3JDVSNFODJPOB TFMMFWBSBDBCPTPMBNFOUFEFOUSPEFTVNJTNBUFNQPSBMJEBE
QPSFMMPMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMBDPOTUSVDDJODPSSFDUBEFVOUJFNQPPCKFUJWPQBSBSFFKBS
VOBOBSSBDJOEJFHUJDBFOFMMFDUPS


"DPOUJOVBDJOTFNVFTUSBFMNPEFMPQSPQVFTUPQPSMBJOWFTUJHBDJOQBSBFTUSVD

UVSBSFMUJFNQPFOFMDJOFDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFT&MFTRVFNBNVFTUSBEFGPSNBHSDB
MBTJUVBDJOEFMBTEJGFSFOUFTUFNQPSBMJEBEFTFOMPTMNFT

Tiempo de lectura

Tiempo Histrico Alterno



&GFDUPNBSJQPTB 3FHSFTJPOFTZ%POOJF%BSLPDPOTUSVZFOVOBUFNQPSBMJEBEEJTUJOUBB
MBEFPUSPTMNFT QPSFMMPTFBQMJDMBUFPSBSJDVSJBOB EPOEFFTQPTJCMF BQPZOEPTF
FO #FUUFUJOJ  BDPQMBS VOB FTUSVDUVSB RVF FYQMJDB MB GPSNB FO MB RVF TF HFOFSB VOB
FTUSVDUVSBUFNQPSBMBMUFSOB
i-BMHJDBEFMSFMBUPPEFMBTVDFTJOFOMBDVFMBTFBSUJDVMBMBQSFTFOUBDJOEF
MBTDPTBTu #FUUFUJOJ
&TUPFTCTJDBNFOUFMBGPSNBFOMBRVFTFFTUSVDUVSBVO
PSEFOUFNQPSBM
i-BMHJDBEFMBTDPTBTPMBMHJDBEFMNVOEPSFQSFTFOUBEPu #FUUFUJOJ
"
MPRVF#FUUFUJOJTFSFFSFFOFTUFUJQPEFMHJDBTFSQSJODJQBMNFOUFBMQSJODJQJP
EFWFSPTJNJMJUVEEFMMNF-BEJFHTJTQSPQVFTUBQPS#FUUFUJOJOPTMPTFSFFSF
BMPTPCKFUPTTJOPBMBTUFNQPSBMJEBEFTRVFTUPTSFQSFTFOUBOZBMEJTDVSTPRVF
FTUJONFSTPFOFMMPTQBSBMBOBMJEBEEFMMNF1PSFKFNQMPi6OPCKFUPZVOB
EJNFOTJOUFNQPSBMQVFEFOTFSWFSPTNJMFTFOVOMNFQPMJDJBMZOPTFSMPEFM
NJTNPNPEPFOVOBADPNFEJBu #FUUFUJOJ

-B QSPCMFNUJDB TF DFOUSBS FO MB GPSNB FO MB RVF FM UJFNQP IJTUSJDP Z FM UJFNQP
IJTUSJDP BMUFSOP TF DPODSFUJ[BO QBSB HFOFSBS VO UJFNQP PCKFUJWP SNF %JDIB
DPODSFUJ[BDJOTFEBSHSBDJBTBMPTQSTUBNPTRVFDBEBVOPEFMPTNPEPTOBSSBUJWPTTF
IBSOSFDQSPDBNFOUF NJTNPTRVFFTUOSFQSFTFOUBEPTQPSMPTEFTDFOTPTZBTDFOTPT
FOMBTMOFBTOBSSBUJWPUFNQPSBMFT0&Z0&-BOJDBNBOFSBFOMBRVFMBIJTUPSJB
SFTQPOEFBMPTQSPCMFNBTRVFTFHFOFSBOBMUSBUBSEFFTUVEJBSMBGFOPNFOPMPHBEFM
UJFNQP FO MB OBSSBDJO DPOTJTUF FO MB FMBCPSBDJO EF VO UFSDFS UJFNQP TUF TFS FM
NFEJBEPSFOUSFFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOPRVF3JDVSZ%FMFV[F
&OFMDPODFQUPJNBHFOUJFNQP



&T JOEJTQFOTBCMF TFS DPOTDJFOUFT EF MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOF MB NFNPSJB EFM

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