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Introduction
Two sets of metal rods, one set copper, one set
of an unknown metal, were provided.
Can the unknown metal rods be determined to
be or not be copper if their specific heat and
linear thermal expansion values are found?
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Purpose
To use the two intensive properties of specific
heat and linear thermal expansion be used to
determined the identity of an unknown rod
given a copper rod?
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Terminology
Equilibrium - when the enthalpy, or heat, of a
system and its surroundings are equal
Calorimetry the study of heat flow between a
system and its surroundings
First Law of Thermodynamics the total
amount of energy in a system will always
remain constant
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Copper Basics
Atomic Symbol is Cu
Atomic weight of 63.546
High melting and boiling points; good for
plumbing
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Background
Despite being discovered in 8700 BC, it was
not used effectively until 3500 BC when it was
discovered how to smelt it from ore
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Electron Configuration
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Copper Properties
Specific Heat is .386 J/gC
Linear Thermal expansion is 1.7 x 10-5 C-1
Conducts electricity worse than silver
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Specific Heat
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Problem Statement
How can the researches determine the intensive
properties of specific heat and linear thermal
expansion and use them to determine whether
or not a metal sample is copper?
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Hypothesis
The unknown metal will be determined to be
copper with an average percent error for specific
heat of less than or equal to 2% and an average
percent error for linear thermal expansion less
than or equal to 3%.
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Temperature Probe
Calorimeter
Lab Quest
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Heat up water
Set up Logger Pro System
Mass metal rods
Place metal rods in boiling water
Record initial temperatures and place rods in
calorimeters
6. Wait three minutes for rod and the water to
reach equilibrium
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Jig
(.01 mm precision)
Hot Plate
Caliper
(.01 mm precision)
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Average
Average Specific Percent Error
Heat (J/gC)
(%)
Copper
Unknown
Metal
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0.364
5.73
0.378
2.20
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Copper
Unknow
n Metal
Average Linear
Thermal
Expansion (C-1)
Average
Percent Error
(%)
9.42E-06
-43
7.83E-06
-76
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( x1 x2 )
2
( s1 )
( s2 )
n1
n2
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Hypotheses
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Conclusion
Rejected the null hypothesis for linear thermal
expansion, failed to reject the null hypothesis
for specific heat
Concluded that unknown metal was not copper
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Conclusion
Rejected original hypothesis as the data did not
yield percent errors in the specified range for
linear thermal expansion
Despite this, the researchers were able to
correctly conclude that the unknown metal was
actually not copper
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Design Flaws
Assumed that the rods and the heated water
were the same temperature
Used homemade calorimeters that were not
perfectly isolated systems
Used too much water to fill calorimeters
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Errors
Dropped rods many times
Unknown metal rods were very thick
Broke beaker
Used too much water
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Further Research
Other intensive properties
Density
Melting point
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Acknowledgements
Teachers
Mrs. Hilliard
Mr. Supal
Parents
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Works Cited
Acanski, Marijana M. "Comparation of Fundamental Analytical Methods for Quantitative Determination of Copper(II)
Ion." Hemijska Industrija 62.2 (2008): 85-89.Directory of Open Access Journals. Web. 19 May 2013.
<http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0367-598X/2008/0367-598X0802085A.pdf>.
CDA. "Copper Production from Ore to Finished Product." Copper.org: Copper Production. Copper Development
Association Inc, 2013. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. <http://www.copper.org/education/production.html>.
"Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion." The Engineering Toolbox. Engineering Toolbox, 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
<http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/linear-expansion-coefficients-d_95.html>.
"Copper." Copper. UNCP, 2013. Web. 20 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/copper/cu.htm>.
DeMello, Nick. "Experiment*5:*Specific*Heat*Determination." ChemLectures.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 25 Mar. 2013.
<http://chem.ws/192/labs/Lab-05-SpecificHeat.pdf>.
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Hilliard, Jamie. "Enthalpy and Specific Heat." Chemistry. MMSTC, Warren. 31 Jan. 2013. Lecture.
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%20a%20Metal.pdf>.
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Works Cited
Nave, Carl R. "Specific Heats and Molar Heat Capacities for Various Substances at 20 C."Table
of
Specific Heats. Georgia State University, 2013. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. <http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/sphtt.html>.
Ophardt, Charles E. "Copper Smelter." Copper Smelter. Elmhurst College, 2003. Web. 20 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/335coppersmelter.html>.
"Physics 126 Experiment No. 3 Thermal Expansion." Stony Brook NN Group. Stony Brook University,
2013. Web. 7 Apr. 2013.<http://nngroup.physics.sunysb.edu/~mcgrew/phy126/labs/12603_Thermal_Expansion.pdf>.
Potts, Gretchen E. "Calorimetry." Calorimetry. Gretchen E Potts, 2001. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/GretchenPotts/chemistryhelp/calorimetry.htm>
Rzadkosz, S., M. Kranz, P. Nowicki, and M. Plekos. "Refining Processes of Selected Copper
Alloys." Archives of Foundry Engineering 9.2 (2009): 29-34. Directory of Open Access Journals.
Web. 19 May 2013. <http://www.afe.polsl.pl/index.php/pl/578/refining-processes- of-selected-copperalloys.pdf>.
Simanek, Donald E. "H-1 Thermal Expansion of Metals." Donald Simanek's Pages. Donald E Simanek,
2004. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. <http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/labman1/expans.htm>.
Solanki, Gaurav. "Uses of High Copper Amalgam Alloys in Dentstry." International
Journal of
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Any Questions?
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