FrrolEom Solvhns : (201s) Problem 1: Multiple choive conceptual questions. Choose the best answer. Circle the letter of your top choice. Square the letter of your 2" choice (for half credit, i your top choice is incorrect . 1.1, Pm riding my bike at 110% mis (relative to the ground). I turn on my bike light. How fast do I see the light waves travel away? Use c= 310° mis. a. Less than 3x10" mis 3x10% m/s "e. More than 3x10* m/s 1.2, Same situation, How fast will a person on the ground see the light waves travel away? a Less than 3x10° mils © 3x10° ms More than 310° mis 1.3, Which ofthe following isthe best resolution ofthe twin paradox, as discussed in class? Robert =the twin tat goes onthe rocket; Henry isthe tin that stays home, Robert goes ona tipo a distant tar, then returns to Earth, 2 Each twin wil be older than the other, when they meet up gin Robert accelerates for par of his trp, so the time dilation equation doesnot apply in simple f ‘Robert will be older than Henry, because he has a larger proper time, Cand Roles me d._The two twins end up the same ag, because cach ages the sloiest during half the total trip. 114. Which ofthe following isthe best resolution ofthe bam paradox, as discussed in class and analyzed for homework? (Lee is the one running with the ladder; Cathy isthe one at rest relative tothe barn.) Cathy sees the ladder ft entirely within the barn, but Lee does not. 2 Lee sees the ladder fit entirely within the bam, but Cathy does not. A sas tera by Each of them sees the ladder fit entirely within the barn, sere Sar 15. In the relativity context, which of the following would be an example of an “event™? A light beam hits a sensor. ’b. A light beam travels through space. ¢. Bill travels ona very fast tain 4. Ted observes Bill traveling on a fast train Cc 3 1.6, Bll is eating breakfast on a train which moves at 2x10 mis. Ted is sitting ata piene table near the train tracks also eating breakfast. Which pair of statements is correct (note, “slow motion” refers to the eating motions only, not to the overall trait speed of 2x10" m/s, which is obviously anything but slow): 8. ToBBill, it looks like Ted is eating in fast motion. To Ted, it looks like Bill is eating in slow motion, 'b, To Bill, it Jooks like Ted is eating in fast motion. To Ted, it looks like Bill is eating in fast motion, g ‘To Bill, it looks like Ted is eating in slow inotion. To Ted, it looks like Bills eating in slow motion. ‘To Bill, it looks like Ted is eating in iow motion. To Teg, it ooks like Bill ig eating in fast motion, “Thad beh som ten. cr one SOME Gowan Chem BR) 1:7, While standing exactly in the middle of tran car, Bill shines flashlights a the right and feft walls, (The tran is moving to the right relative tothe ground. That i, “right” = “forward”, if you prefer that label.) He tums on the flashlights at exactly the same time (in his frame of reference). Ted is again watching the train from the ground nearby. Which pair of statements is comrect: In Bill's frame, light hits the let wall first In Ted’s frame, light hits the walls simultaneously In Bill's frame, light hits the left wall frst. In Ted?s frame, light hits the left wal fist. 's frame, light hits the left wall first In Ted’s frame, light hits the right wall fist. 's frame, light hits the right & left walls simultaneously. In Ted’s frame, light hits the walls simultaneously. s frame, light hits the right & left walls simultaneously. In Ted’s frame, Tight hits the lft wal fist. s frame, light hits the right & left walls simultaneously. In Ted’s fame, light hits the right wall first. 's frame, light hits the right wall first. In Ted’s fame, light hits the walls simultaneously. In Bil’s frame, light hits the right wall first. In Ted’s frame, light hits the left wal fist. In Bill's frame, light hits the right wall firs. In Ted's frame, light hits the right wall first, b o a & a, Sis Tes feama aft iron jeds dee cal Phys 123 Final Exam —pg21.8. Three cubes ofthe same size and shape are put in water. They all sink. One is lead, one is steel and one is a dense wood (Gronwo0d) Pras > Ps» Pronvot The buoyant force is grestest on the ube a lead Bi steel Be} Vorect wood = @ _ same buoyant force Usaer 1.9, A boat is on a lake, Ifan anvil that sinks) is pushed from the boat into the water, wll the overall water level of the lake rise, fll or tay the same? (compared to when the anvil was inthe boat) Rise ® Fal Son Qess Meuse ¢. Stay the same 1.10, Water flows from a litte pipe into a big pipe with no friction or height change. The volume flow rate (m°/s) inthe little pipe willbe inthe big pipe. . 9. greaterthan abs wy Notecpraaible, @ the same as os tng as He webs ° less than LIL. Same situation. The flow speed (a/s) in the litle pipe will be in the big pipe. greater than got VER mos 5. the same as - ©. less than Aw, = fave 1.12. You have two jars of gas: helium and neon, Both have the same volume, same pressure, same temperature, Which jar ‘contains the greatest number of gas molecules? (The mass of a neon molecule is greater than the mass of a helivin molecule.) a, jarof helium pve NRT b, jarof neon, o @ sume number Ve bent ese then N sare 1.13, First, heat is removed from a ges while itis being compressed. This is done in such as way as to keep its temperature constant, while its pressure increases to 2.5x the original value. Next, more heat is removed from the gas, this time without Jetting its volume change, until it returns to its original pressure, Which of the following diagrams best represents the two processes on a standard P-V diagram? a) \ b) o ad) 9 © ® » t QC S 1.14, For waves ona string the amplitude coefficients rand must add upto 1. a Tr * By Fs Wes Bt ath pte om Geman 1.15. gr waves ona string, the powerlintensity coefficients R end Tmust add up to 1 True b, False Energy oy consent Phys 123 Final Exam ~ pg 3116, 4a. 18. Las. 120. gk wares +b do ye) insee! Roope pire ae “4 . Which wave function (0 is represented by the two graphs displayed? The lef-hand graph isthe wave funetion plotted vs, for €0; the right hand graph iste wave funeton plot for 1 a. Mui) = 2 cos(x 51) b. foes) =2 costéx - 41) et) =2 cos(Sx -31) = fect) =4 costix -51) sy angtart ad weak 4. . fedeteoninsay < enty Oe ON ome aie god! fla) = 4 coun 30 Cee setae For diffraction from a circular aperture, which is true of the central point (r=0)? a a, Thointenslty at y=0 Is infinite = ‘The intensity is finite, but ypically much larger than the surrounding maxima €. The intensity is finite, and about the same magnitude as the surrounding maxima * GL The intensity ent, and susan smaller than the surrounding maxima dete at The intensity is zero © fates Exom a given location beneath the surface of water, itis possible to see objects positioned anywhere above the water. ‘True Neca of Wahl ons Ue ail of eae o Fale Like fick tere EG probly pe Z nae 1a look at sunlight reflected off ofa lake near Brewster's angle, the light is more likely to be: horizontally polarized at we "5% pelerrich™ reflec, oO ’, vertically polarized wih Ce gen) yo ER hoacant hy peed transparent les, which goes faster: red (A650 nm) or vot ight (2400 mm)? ved ls os i violet light ee enetgy oF both revel atthe same speed gmalles A armor 607 70 ett teri aleve speed. Phys 123 Final Exam — pg 4(8 pis) Problem 2, (@) Astronauts travel at 0.90c from Earth toa star which is 3 light years away, as measured by people on the Earth, and at rest with respect to the Earth. How long does it take them to reach the star as observed by people on Earth? r 34° 3g re x Lae; (0) How ong oes te op take om he psp ofthe astonaus? Le, how much ote ana gen thet? ie Le = = = 7.tay Cae ra . ficte od apne dilaay? og tes &9 answer © 2.204 (/ (©)How far apart are Earth and the star fom the perspective ofthe astronauts as they travel? lrg eect + ain es by Bee of Bltye angweu = 2,244, qos: (@) One their way, the astronauts fire a very small projectile ahead of them, at 0.90c (relative to the astronauts). How fast will people ‘on the Earth see the projectile going? Pi = Proifes 2 24 +4 14CrPrs y+ ay-4) = age eee ‘ a onsney Phys 123 Final Exam ~ pg(6 pls) Problem 3. A particle accelerator accelerates an electron up to 0.99¢. (eHow ay joes of nt nergy des theo ave? ke~ Cy!) me soya oat -1) (q.ree9” 4) one") __ opatace 3 | “Gye mae = 0x4 (b) How many kg:m/s of momentum does the electron have? (kg-m/s is the SI unit of momentum; there’s no special name for it) 2 Ym ‘ s 4064) (a aide Gu ye ) O Phys 123 Final Exam —pg 6e=% Yr 2S, p21 (12 pts) Problem 4. Dr, Colton is flying past Earth on a rocket going, aca consan(eaynibe positive x-direction, At some time later, the Barth sends a microwave signal to Dr. Colton (tnicrowaves travel atc). Scientists on the Earth want to time it such that Dr. Colton receives the signal exactly one year (as measured by him) after he passes the Earth, (a) Draw two fairly accurate space-time diagrams representing the situation, one from the perspective ofthe Earth, the other from the perspective of Dr. Colton. On each diagram Inbel the light-cone, the world-lines of Earth and Dr. Colton, the light signal, and the “signal sent” & “signal received” events. By Dea Kort . ‘ . ~ , . S , ay = sigeal ont @ osiyl reese) (b) Where & when (as measured by the Barth) will Dr. Colton receive the signal? vein ys as\/ © ) iz . AS Sas vas} Lely ea ° ls ets pean eannsye toc 125 yr (©) When (as measured by Barth) should the scientists on Earth Sendhe signal? f@at (15,0028) eA Q moyh be (0,5) (@) Wheretwien (as measured by Dr. Cotton) will the scientists on Earth send the signal? fe G4 Yah 315 (dhe Ce Row © Covey): Cie) regal, pie tee fee Ct Phys 123 Final Exam — pa 7 |(B pts) Problem 5, An aluminum rod is exactly 20-ém long at 20°C, and has a mis of 300 g, If 10.0 kJ of energy is ‘added to the fod by heat, what will be the change in letgih ofthe rod? (Hint: the heat causes a change in temperature, which in tam. ‘causes a change in length.) : pa = 0) © Cluny, eng: Qeme dt 2 yous” = (.349)(2% a) SS BT OV e coe in Nera axl &T C (@) “(ows 2)anyorere) or , OUTS om ov VRP oO Phys 123 Final Exam ~ pg 8_ thom 200 kPa to 400 kPa. 2 (7 pts) Problem 6. sGoasiets (0.2 moles) is compressed SaiSbaically to ‘The initial volume and Yeriiperature of the gas are 0,002493 m3 nd 300K, respectively. Find the final vole and temper of he gs / aves rer Mt We (a2) 7(000413") x Vu~ |,0615290 wm (dul pps Paver eee te we Re ~ reo te?® oor”) (2) Ee) Vae_ The K Phys 123 Final Exam —pg 9 Pa ale ah (10 pts) Problem 7. Ait engine using 0.08 moles ofa {iaionio sel aa is driven by this eycle: starting from state A, the gis is compressed iothermally until teaches stat B: Then Seated at cofstant pressure inti itreaches state C. Final, the gas is expanded adiabatically back tothe orginal stats. The pressures, volumes, and temperature of al tree sates are given inthe abe. Pia) Vor) Te ‘A= [100 0.001994 300 B_ [400 0,0004986_ 300. [400 o.o007409 | 4458 First lwo! a0 + Quays +We, (0) Find he ot add othe gas rng ea of ee gs AD g turmal | UEP je Qe Wa tWy pao ny le ) pawl Qe (0063 G22) yn (rast Le beres aye a Cot : (ace) Sy . ca Qe HE BU oO (wss.8- goo) Apiabode « Wen? ? (b) How much net work is done by the gas each eyele? (Dees = On Qe~ BUI - 116M (©) What isthe efficiency of the engine? ean (a) What seminar fly for meine cpesing bebe the sane minimum sn mex pets? aa oO =. ete lee ee Th qs & Phys 123 Final Exam ~ pg 10 .(8 pts) Problem 8, The function f(x), graphed on the right, is defined as follows: H 1, forx between + Land +2 6, otherwise (repeated with a period of L=10) 1, forx between-2and-1 SQ)= worked out the Fourier coefficients for this function, and found the following: ees, SU eae : e {enomed in) l/, al | ACER ER EE syn026 5222) sia) om 0y-02+ 52 (a0( S72) el fe Fe eee Hh. —y09 (f basy eo era EY functor ane] gy no sug terms Myre (st 10m) is correct. (b) Prove that the constant term in my expres: Qe = die valos ct xfsea va gered) : : ‘ Gfrst 50 terms) say BR) =k > ° uv 6 "i 15 (©) Prove that the cosine coefficients in my expression are correct. Hint: integrate from -5 to 5 instead of from 0 to 10, 2 2K ao Cor =" dy Gr (te) & ° all CYcoter 4 CEO) eo »| reer |® 4 sn ) = 1 Phys 123 Final Exam ~ pg 11(9 pls) Problem 9. My trumpet, for a particular configuration of vahies, acts very similarly to 1.0 meters. Suppose I have been playing various sweet melodies for several minutes; my br ‘trumpet so that it has a speed of sound of 350 mvs instead of the standard 343 m/s. (@)1F1 pay the ith harmonic, what requncy wil it have? ie Is? st, -5(¥} => GE to. $653) Teh) oe &IS be (6) On an equal temperament sale referenced to A (above middle C) = 440 Hz, what note is that fequeney closest o? qe. ch EO He, her vad O& 5 5 D A Pron ba aferera t+ cle = weox (2 = 432.3 eae i's see dels’ es ae Ga 2 eeu Hae clases Fo Nyt G = 2 Borba an A qe (©)A fellow trumpet player tres to play the same note on his trumpet (an exact duplicate of mine), However, because he has not ‘wacmed up his instrument, the speed of sound is 343 mis in his trumpet. How many beats occur between the tones made by his trumpet and mine? Both of us are playing the fifa harmonics, (Note: I believe ths i in fact the dominant source of brass instruments playing out of tune when not warmed up first. You can completely neglect the thermal expansion/contraction of the metal itself.) 2X 2 esazsn ty Ty ee Phys 123 Final Exam — pg 12 O(8 pts) Problem 10. You are trying to look at an ant, height A= 1 mm, (@) What is the maximum viewing angle you can use to look at the ant, without using any magnifying lenses? (Your near point is 25em) LS ona = em esa \ oot raSreny \ wel a : 7 a (b) You now introduce a magnifying glass, f= +5 em, You place the magnifying glass into your line of sigh just both the magnifying glass and your head until you have a clear view of the image of the ant, which has formed Fem betiss the lens. How far isthe (actual) ant from the lens? qe-Ye (©) What isthe height ofthe image? me $=" (Gade 29 Wammey = bn x (+4) (4) What angular magnification heve you obtained via the magnifying glass? No Bing se oem 8 Phys 123 Final Exam —pg 13,4 pts, no partial credit) Problem 11. An objet is placed 100 em to te left of lens 1 (converging, f= "+70 om). Lens 1 is placed 20 em to he lft of lens 2 (diverging, £=~40 em). How far (in magnitude) from lens 2 will the final image be formed? Will the {mage be tothe lft or the right of lens 2? Will tbe real or virtual? You do not have to provide any ray diagrams for this problem. You must get all three of these answers right to get any credit for this problem. 44.1% I= em Final image will be tothe K+" tetrigh of lens 2 real vs. virwat:_yvtva | Phys 123 Final Exam — pg 14 oy