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Part One - Introduction

Thank you, generous buyer, for selecting our company to build your tower. As requested,
we have sent you all of the information you will need on your tower. All included are the
dimensions, cost analysis, volumes, surface areas, diagrams, etc. We also know how much you
love your math, so we included all of the formulas for a check of the work. The tower is 10sided, and lies on the 27 by 27-foot plot that was given to us to use over this past month or so.
We definitely made the most of the funding you gave us, so the base of the footing was
maximized within 3 feet of the edge of the plot, where we still were following zoning laws. Of
course, we added the aquarium under your Plexiglas floor, filled with just the right amount of
water, hopefully youll enjoy. The heights of the walls and roofs are just as you had asked,
including the dimensions of the windows and door. Math, of course, takes an important role in
the building of any structure. Our company never really knew how much math actually went into
the building of a small tower until after this project, which you had requested so much of the
work for. With that said, there was a lot of work that went into this project, so hopefully you will
enjoy the final product.

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Part Two My 10-Sided Polygon Maximized on My Plot
Segment UN = 27 ft.
N = numberSegment
of sides JF = 3 ft. (equal on all 4
sides;
square)
Central angle = 360/n
Central angle = 360/10
Segment
BF== 10.5 ft. = segment
Central angle
measure
BP of polygon 4
36
Height goes in by one foot for
each polygon.
O = opposite; A = adjacent; H =
hypotenuse
Figure 1. Base of the tower with footing inside plot
At 1= 1/2bh
(6.49)(9.99)
Sin ()A=t1 O/H
Sin(18)
At1= PO/10.5
32.40 ft. sq.
t *3.24

Sin(18)10.5
Ap1 = A
10 (triangles
segment
PO
in polygon)
6.49
32.40
Segment
Ap1MO
* 10
Ap1 324.02 ft. sq.
Cos() = A/H
Cos(18) = BP/10.5
Cos(18)10.5 9.99
segment BP
Figure 2. Polygon 1 (outer footing)
At 2= 1/2bh
Tan(
At2) =A/H
(5.84)(8.99)
Tan(18)
= LK/H
At2 26.24
ft. sq.
Tan(18)8.99 2.92
Segment LK
Segment IK 5.84

Figure 3. Polygon 2 (outer wall)

Ap2 = At * 10
Ap2 26.24 * 10
Ap2 262.37 ft. sq.

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Tan() = A/H
Tan(18)
= HG/H
A
t 3= 1/2bh
2.56
Tan(18)7.99
A
t3 (5.19)(7.99)
At3 20.72 ft. sq.
Segment HG
Segment EG 5.19
Ap3 = At * 10
Ap3 20.72 * 10
Ap3 207.23 ft. sq.
Figure 4. Polygon 3 (inner wall)
Tan() = A/H
Tan(18) = DC/H
At 4= 1/2bh
Tan(18)6.99 2.27
At4 (4.54)(6.99)
Segment DC
At4 15.86 ft. sq.
Segment AC 4.54
Ap4 = At * 10
Ap4 15.86 * 10
Ap4 158.58 ft. sq.
Figure 5. Polygon 4 (inner footing)
The central angle of the base was 36, found in Figure 1. This angle measure was used
often with the trigonometric SOHCAHTOA (Sine Opposite Hypotenuse, Cosine Adjacent
Hypotenuse, Tangent Opposite Adjacent) method in order to find other angles and lengths. We
knew that the plot would be 27 by 27 feet and that the zoning laws only allowed for building
within three feet of the boundaries of the plot, so that gave us a 21 by 21-foot space to work with.
With a regular decagon, the amount of sides is not perfectly divisible by 4, so the edges would
touch at points of a square plot according to the rules of regular polygons, as shown in Figure 1.
The first length found was segment BF, seen in Figure 2. This segment extends from the very
center of the plot to the farthest point on the footing, or, polygon 1, seen in Figure 2. Since the
plot was 21 feet wide, the midpoint would be 10.5 feet from polygon 1s farthest point since it is
half. Segment BF and the central angle of 36 were then plugged into the sine, cosine, and
tangent functions to find the length of each side of each polygon, also shown above in Figures 2,

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3, 4 and 5. The areas of the polygons were then found by using these new lengths to create right
triangles within the polygons, and then multiply them by the amount of these triangles find
within the polygon. In each case, the polygon had 10 triangles (10 sides), so the area of each
triangle was multiplied by 10, as seen in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Part Three Volume of the Concrete Needed for the Footing and the Floor

Vf = 3.5(Ap1 - Ap4)

Vf 3.5(324.02 - 158.58)
Vf 3.5(165.44)
Vf 579.03 ft. cubed

579.03/27 21.45 yards cubed,

approximately 22 yards cubed.

Figure 6. Footing
Vfl Ap4*1/3
(OR 4 INCHES)
Vfl 158.58*1/3
Vfl 52.86 ft. cubed

Plexiglas sheets = Vfl /(4 * 8)

Plexiglas sheets 52.86/(32)
Plexiglas sheets 1.65,
2 Plexiglas sheets
VAq = .75((3.5(A p4approximately
))
VAq .75((3.5(158.58))
VAq .75(555.03)
VAq 416.27
Figure 7. Floor
The footings volume was found by first subtracting the surface area of the smallest
polygon, polygon 4, from the surface area polygon 1, and then multiplying the difference by the
footings requested height of 3.5 feet, shown in Figure 6. The floor extends to the edge of the
footing which makes it polygon 4 and the floor is a 4-inch tall structure, and its volume was also

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found using the formulas seen in Figure 7. The water under the floor filled 75% of the aquarium,
and the volume of the water was found by finding the hollow center part of the footings volume
(polygon 4 from top of footing to bottom), and then multiplied by 75%, as shown beside Figure
7. Since we could only buy full cubic yards of concrete, the cost came out to $2,530 for 22 cubic
yards-worth of concrete since it cost $115 per cubic yard. The Plexiglas sheets also had to bought
by full sheets of 48 x 96 (4 x 8) sheets, and 2 had to be bought at a price of $1100 for each,
for a total of $2200.

Part Four One Lateral Face of the Outer Prism Base

Height
LSA
of OPB
lateral
= 10((height
face = of lateral face)
side of
(side
polygon
of polygon
2 * 2 2)) (2(Aw) + Ad)
Height
LSA
of lateral
face

OPB 10((11.68)(5.84))
5.84 *(2(6.61)
2
+ 18.31)
10(68.20)
Height
LSA
of OPB
lateral
face (13.26 +
11.6818.31)
LSAOPB 682.00 31.53
LSAOPB 650.47 ft. sq.
5.84

Figure 8. Outer prism base

Cos() = A/H
Cos(18) = A/1.5
Cos(18)1.5 1.43 A

ATW = 1/2bh
ATW = (O) (A)
ATW (.93)
(1.43)
ATW .66 ft. sq.

Sin () = O/H
Sin(18) = O/1.5
Aw = 10(ATW)
Sin(18)1..5 0.46 O Aw 10(.66)
O * 2 0.93
Aw 6.61 ft. sq.
Figure Finding
9. Lateral
with window,
triangle
window
thefaces
dimensions
of one door,
lateraland
face
of the of
outer
prism base (one outer wall) was
easy, since the side lengths of polygon 2 (the entire outer wall) was already known and the height

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was requested to be twice the length of a side and came out to be about 11.68, seen in Figure 8.
The two windows were made as the same shape as the towers base with a 3-foot diameter and
the door came out to be 3 by 5 feet as directed for both, along with the top of the door having
half of the windows shape, seen in Figure 9 with its area calculated. The lateral surface area of
around 650.47 ft. squared was calculated without the door and windows in Figure 8, by just
multiplying the surface area of each wall by the number of walls and subtracting the door and
windows.

Part Five Volume of the Inner Base Prism

VIBP = (Height of lateral face) (Ap3)
VIBP (11.68) (207.23)
VIBP 2,420.20 ft. cubed

Figure 10. Base of inner prism with one triangle

of it and lateral face of inner base

Ad = Aw/2 +(3*5)
Ad 6.61/2 + 15
Ad 3.31 + 15
Ad 18.31 ft. sq.

Polygon 3 is the entire inside wall of the tower and the inner base prism has the same
height as the outer prism, approximately 11.68. Also, the base of the inner base prisms lateral
face is the same as the base of polygon 3, so therefore, the dimensions were already known and
shown in Figure 10. The volume formula for a prism was used in Figure 10 also to find the
overall volume of the inside of the base prism, about 2,420.20 feet cubed.

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Part Six Pyramid Top of the Outer Pyramid showing the Height of the Outer Pyramid
and the Slant Height of One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid
Height of Outer Pyramid = 3(side of polygon 2)
Height of outer pyramid 3(5.84)
Height of outer pyramid 17.52

A 2 + B2 = C 2
Seg, QY2 + seg. QV2 = seg. VY2 = Slant Height
8.992 + 17.522 387.65
387.65 19.69 Slant Height
Tan( ) = O / A
Tan( ) = seg. VQ / seg. QY
Tan( ) 17.52 / 8.99
(Tan())-1 (17.52 / 8.99)-1
Tan-1(17.52 / 8.99) 62.84 m
VYQ
Figure 11. Pyramid top of the outer
pyramid and lateral face
The height of the pyramid was asked to be three times taller than a side of polygon 2, and
came out to be about 19.69, seen in Figure 11. Using the base (polygon 2) and the height of the
pyramid, the slant height was found with the Pythagorean Theorem seen in Figure 11. We are
using polygon 2 here because the outer pyramid top reaches out to the outer prism wall. Finally,
the angle measure between the outer prism base and the pyramid face found at the foot of the
slant height was found using the SOHCAHTOA method once more and came out to around
62.84, additionally shown in Figure 11.

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Part Seven One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid
Tan( ) = O / A LSAOP = 10(1/2bh)
= 10(1/2(seg. WZ * seg.YV))
OP YZ
Tan( ) = seg. VYLSA
/ seg.
-1
LSA
OP -110 (1/2(5.84*19.69))
(Tan( )) (19.69 / 2.92)
-1 OP 10(1/2(114.97)
(Tan(19.69 / 2.92))LSA
81.56 m
LSAOP 10(57.49)
VZY
LSAOP 574.87 ft. sq.
W

Tan( ) = O / A
Tan( ) = YZ / VY
(Tan( ))-1 (2.92 / 19.69)-1
(Tan(2.92 / 19.69))-1 8.44 m YVZ
8.44 * 2 16.87 m WVZ

Figure 12. Lateral face of outer pyramid

With the slant height of the outer pyramid along with the base of polygon 2 known, the
angle measures of the lateral face of the outer pyramid, about 16.87 and 81.56 degrees, were
found easily using SOHCAHTOA in Figure 12. The surface area of each face was found in
Figure 12 as well and came out to approximately 57.49 feet squared, then was multiplied by the
amount of faces on the outer pyramid (10) to get the lateral surface area of this part of the tower,
which was around 574.87 feet squared.

Part Eight Pyramid Top of the Inner Pyramid showing the Height of the Inner
Pyramid
Height of Inner Pyramid = side of polygon 3 * 3
Height of Inner Pyramid = ST * 3
Height of Inner Pyramid 5.19 * 3
Height of Inner Pyramid 15.57 segment RQ
VIP = 1/3(area of base of pyramid) (height of pyramid)
VIP 1/3(area of polygon 3) (segment RQ)
VIP 1/3(207.23) (15.57)
VIP 69.08 * 15.57
VIP 1075.44 ft. cubed

Figure 13. Inner pyramid

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Although it may be easy to think that the roof of the inner pyramid was just one foot
lower than the outer pyramid, in reality it was actually just a side of polygon 3 multiplied by 3,
making its height of approximately 15.17 feet around 2 feet lower than the outer pyramids
height, seen in Figure 13. With the height of this pyramid found, the volume formula for a
pyramid was used with this height and the base of polygon 3, since the inner pyramid met the
inner base prism. Overall, the inner pyramid volume came out to approximately 1,075.44 feet
cubed, seen in Figure 13.

Part Nine My Tower

LSAOT = LSAOPB + LSAOP

LSAOT 650.47 + 574.87
LSAOT 1,225.33 ft. sq.
VOT = VIP + VIBP
VOT 1075.44 + 2420.20
VOT 3,496.64 ft. cubed

Figure 14. Outer tower

Finally, the outside of the towers overall lateral surface area of about 1,225.33 feet
squared was found by adding the surface areas of the outer prism base and the outer pyramid,
shown in Figure 14. The overall volume of the inside of the tower, which was appoximately

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3,496.44 feet cubed, was also found in Figure 14, by adding the volume of the inner prism base
to the volume of the inner pyramid. A scale model/drawing is shown alongside these formulas in
Figure 14.

Part Ten - Conclusion

For the most part, that is all that went into your tower. Hopefully, you find all of the
calculations and drawings to be correct and accurate to your liking. Thanks to you, our valued
customer, our architecture company now has a better understanding for how much math and
work can go into the building of a tower, large or small. Although it was a tough project and we
faced many obstacles, we were able to overcome them in time to turn in your numbers and
towers. For instance, we were not sure if you wanted to include the floor as part of the volume
for the water of the aquarium, but we found out from one of your employees that you wanted to
include the space that the floor took up. Another problem that we had faced was that the
construction company that we had hired was highly dependent on numbers, as all are, and it was
challenging to communicate with this company. The companies that we had bought the Plexiglas
and concrete from were also very unclear for some time about whether or not we were going to
buy full units, or partial units from them. Finally, we hope that you enjoy the most important part
of your purchase, the tower itself. Our company has added a few finishing decorating touches
that we hope will you enjoy. In other words, we hope that youre a fan of the University of
Michigan! Go blue, and have a great summer, eccentric millionaire.