Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics What is.. Definition 1 Bose Quantities Base quantities are quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other base quantities 2. Derived Quantities Derived quantities are quantities that are obtained by combining base quantities by multiplication, derivition or both operations 3. Scalar Quantities Scalar quantities are quantities that have only magnitude 4. Vector Quaniities Vector quantities are quantities that have both magnitude and ditection 5. Consistency The consistency of of a measuring instrument is its ability register the same reading when a measurement is made repeatedly Accuracy is the degree of how close a measurement isto the 6. Accuracy actual vave wiv sensivity of an instrument fits abiity 1o detect @ small 7-Sensitvity change in the quantity fo be measured Chapter 2: Force And Motion Whats. Definition |. Speed Speed is the rate of change of dstance 2. Velocity Velocity i the rate of change of displacement 3 mcclowton ‘Acceleration is he rate of change of change/increase in velocity 4, Deceleration Decelerationis the rate of decrease in velocity 5. Inertia The inerfia of an objects the tendency of the abject to remain its state of rest or Uniform motion in a straight line 6. Newlon's Fitst Law of, Motion / Law of inertia Newion's First Law of Motion states that every object continues inits state of rest or uniform speed in a straight ine unless acted upon by an extemal force 7. Linear momentum Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity 8. Principle of Conservation ‘of Momentum Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of a system remains unchanged if no external force acts on the system. 9. Force Force is defined as anything that changes the state of rest or motion of an object moving in a straight lineWhat's. Definition 10. Newlon's Second Law The acceleration of a body a, Is directly proportional to the net force acting on it, F, and inversely proportional to its mass, m Te Impulse Impulse is defined as the change in momentum, 12. Impubive Force Impulsive force is defined as the rate of change of momentum, 13. Weight / Force of Gravity / Gravitational —_| Pulled force towards the centre of the earth Force 14, Free Fal A free faling object is an object faling under the force of gravity only 15, Gravilafional Acceleration The acceleration of objects due to gravity // falling tree 16. Gravitational Field The gravitational field is the region around the earth in which an object experience a force due fo gravitational attraction 17. Resultant Force / Net Force Resultant force is a single force that represents the combined effect of lwo or more forces in magnitude and direction 18, Unbalanced Forces / When the forces acting on an object is not balanced, there must be a net force/unbalanced/resultant force acting on it Unbalanced forces produce an acceleration to the object 19, Forces in Equiliium / Balanced Forces The object is said to be in c state of equilibrium when the resulting force acting on the object Is zero { no net force acting uponit) When the equilbrium is reached, then the object isin two states, that is (remains stationary (i the object is stationary) (i) moves at a constant velocity (if the object is moving) / zero acceleration 20. Newton's Third Law of, Motion Newton's third law of motion states that, To every action there is an equal but opposite direction Work is defined as the product of the applied force .Fon the 21. Work object andils displacement, sin the direction of the applied force 2a.eneroy Eneray is the abilty to do work (Work done is equal fo the amount of energy transfered 23, Gravitational Potential Eneray The Gravitational potential energy of an object is the energy stored in the object due fo its position in « force fieldWhat is.. Definition 24, Kinelic Energy Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion 25. Principle of Conservation of Eneray Principle of Conservation of Energy states that 26. Power Power fs the amount of work done per second ; Efficiency of a device is the percentage of the energy input 27. BHliciency that is transferred into useful eneray Elasticity is the property of «substance which enabiesit to 28. Elasticity reium fo ofiginal shape after an applied extemal force is, removed Elastic lit of a spring is defined as the maximum force that 29. Elastic Limit can be applied fo a spring such that the spring will be able to restored to its original length when the force is removed 30. Hooke's Law Hooke’s Law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded 31. Spring Constant / Force Constant A spring constant of a spring is the force that is required to produce one unit of extension of the spring [measure of the stiffness of the spring) 22. Elastic Potential Eneray Blastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in a spring when itis extended or compressed