4 - 190

BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
1. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . = wl

l
wl

l
2

l
2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Vx

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w x

M max
Shear

Mx

l
2

Moment

wl 2
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
8
wx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(l x)
2

max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mmax

wl
2

R=V

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5wl 4
384 EI
wx
=
(l2 2lx 2 + x3 )
24EI

2. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =
l
x

R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

R2

R1

V1

Shear

V2

max

Vx

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M max (at x =
Mx

M max

l
= .5774 l) . . . . . . .
3

158

W Wx 2
2
3
l
2Wl
=
= .1283 Wl
9
3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

max (at x = l 1

Moment

W
3
2W
=
3

R 2 = V2

.5774 l

= .5193 l) . .

16W
= 1.0264W
9
3

Wx
3l2

(l2 x2 )

= 0.1304

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Wl 3
EI

Wx
180 EIl2

(3x4 10l2 x2 + 7l4 )

3. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER

4W
3
W
=
2
W

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =

l
x

R=V
R

l
2

Vx

l
2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l
2

(when x < ) . . . . . . . . . . =

M max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shear

Mx
M max

(l2 4x2)

l
2

(when x < ) . . . . . . . . . . = Wx

max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Moment

2l2
Wl
=
6

l
2

(when x < ) . . . . . . . . . . =

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Wl 3
60EI
Wx
480 EIl2

2x 2

3l2

(5l2 4x2 )2

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

4 - 191

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
4. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
l
b
wb

R2

V1

wb
(2c + b)
2l
wb
(2a + b)
R 2 = V2 (max. when a > c) . . . . . . . =
2l

R 1 = V1 (max. when a < c) . . . . . . . =

Vx

(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1 w(x a)

M max
Mx

R1
R1

at x = a + w . . . . . . . . = R 1 a + 2w

(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1x

Mx

(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1x

Mx

(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2(l x)

Shear

V2
R1
a+ w
M max

Moment

w
(x a)2
2

5. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT ONE END

R 1 = V1

max

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=

l
a
wa

R 2 = V2

R2

V1

R1
w
M max

wa 2
2l

Vx

(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 wx

M max

R
at x = 1
w

Mx

(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1x

Mx

(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . = R 2 (l x)

(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . =

wx
(a 2 (2l a)2 2ax 2 (2l a) + lx 3 )
24EIl

(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . =

wa 2 (l x)
(4xl 2x2 a 2 )
24EIl

V2
Shear

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=

wa
(2l a)
2l

. . . . . . . . . .=

Moment

R 21
2w
wx 2
2

6. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT EACH END

a
w1 a
R1

w2 c
R2

R 1 = V1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=

w 1a(2l a) + w 2 c2
2l

R 2 = V2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=

w 2c(2l c) + w 1 a2
2l

Vx

(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 w 1x

Vx

(when x > a and < (a + b))

Vx

(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2 w 2 (l x)

= R 1 w 1a

R1
R1

=
at x = w when R 1 < w 1a
2w 1
1

R 22
R1

at x = l w when R 2 < w 2 c = 2w
2
2

V1

Shear

R1
w1

V2

M max
M max

M max

Mx
Moment

Mx
Mx

w 1x2
2
w1a
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1x
(2x a)
2

(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1x

(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2(l x)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

w 2(l x)2
2

4 - 192

BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
7. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = 2P

l
P

l
2

R=V

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

P
2

M max

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pl
4

Mx

Px
1
when x < . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
2

max

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

1
Px
(3l2 4x2 )
when x < . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
48EI

l
2

Shear

M max

Moment

Pl 3
48EI

8. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =

l
x

Pb
l

R 2 = V2 (max when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pa
l

M max

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pab
l

Mx

(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pbx
l

max

at x =

Pab (a + 2b)

3a(a + 2b)
27EIl

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pa 2b 2
3EIl

(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pbx 2
(l b 2 x2 )
6EIl

V1

V2
Shear

M max

Moment

l2

R 1 = V1 (max when a < b ) . . . . . . . . . . . =

R2

8Pab

a(a + 2b)

when a > b
3

. . . =

9. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS SYMMETRICALLY PLACED

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =

l
x

Shear

M max

Moment

8Pa
l

R=V

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =P

M max

(between loads) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pa

Mx

(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px

max

(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Pa
(3l2 4a2 )
24EI

(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Px
(3la 3a 2 x2 )
6EI

(when x > a and < (l a)) . . . . . . . =

Pa
(3lx 3x2 a 2)
6EI

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

4 - 193

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
10. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY
PLACED
l
P

R2

V1

V2

Shear

M2

M1

Moment

R 1 = V1

(max. when a < b ) . . . . . . . . . =

P
(l a + b)
l

R 2 = V2

(max. when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . =

P
(l b + a)
l

Vx

(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . =

P
(b a)
l

M1

(max. when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 a

M2

(max. when a < b ) . . . . . . . . . = R 2 b

Mx

(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 x

Mx

(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R 1 x P(x a)

11. SIMPLE BEAMTWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY

PLACED
l

P1

P2

R2

V1

V2

Shear

M2

M1

Moment

R 1 = V1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

P1 (l a) + P2 b
l

R 2 = V2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

P1 a + P2 (l b)
l

Vx

(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R 1 P1

M1

(max. when R 1 < P1) . . . . . . . . = R 1 a

M2

(max. when R 2 < P2) . . . . . . . . = R 2 b

Mx

(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 x

Mx

(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R 1 x P(x a)

12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED

LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
R 1 = V1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

3wl
8

R 2 = V2 max

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

5wl
8

Vx

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 wx

M max

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

wl
R

R2

V1

Shear

V2

3
l
8

l
4

M1

Moment

M max

wl 2
8

Mx

9
3
wl 2
at x = l . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
128
8

Mx

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R1x

max
x

wx 2
2

l
wl 4
33
) = .4215 l . . . =
at x = (1 +
16
185 EI

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

wx 3
(l 3lx + 2x3 )
48EI