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the few examples of invocation in Shelleys Frankenstein, as it calls for the spirits of the dead to
help protect him.
Irony: The creation of Frankensteins being in itself is situational irony. This is because
Frankensteins goal was to create life, but instead he creates a being that takes away life from
others.
Dramatic Irony: There is dramatic irony in the death of Justine Moritz and William. Victor and
his being know that Justine was innocent of little Williams murder, but still she is put to death
for the crime.
Tragic Irony: There is tragic irony as well in the death of Justine Moritz and William. Justine
Moritz is put to death for a crime of which she was innocent, when Victor was telling everyone
all along that she was innocent, but no one would believe him.
Plot: The plot of Frankenstein is extremely complex and convoluted. On the surface it is the
story of a monster killing the family of its creator, but deep down the story is a metaphor for the
birth and neglect of a child.
Crisis: Crisis occurs in Frankenstein first when William is killed. The whole town believes
Justine Moritz commits the crime, but Frankenstein knows the truth. Not only does he know the
truth, but he cant convince anyone else that she is innocent, and is thus put to death for the act.
Setting: The setting changes dramatically as the novel progresses. Victor was born and raised in
Geneva, Switzerland, which is the home of his family and where a good portion of the novel
takes place. However, Frankenstein went to Ingolstadt, Germany to study at a university, which
is where he had experimented and created the being. The beginning of the story, in the letters
from the captain, the voyage began from St. Petersburg, Russia, and he sailed deep into the North
Sea to attempt to find the North Pole.
Climax: The climax of Frankenstein is the murder of Elizabeth Lavenza on the night of her
wedding to Victor.
Denouement: The end of Frankenstein is a loop back to the beginning of the story. Victor dies
after he finishes telling the story, which depresses his creation. The being says he is going to go
kill himself out of remorse, and is never heard from again.
Protagonist: The protagonist is Victor Frankenstein. The story follows him the whole way
through, and he is always the one trying to right the situations that have gone wrong.
Antagonist: The antagonist is Frankensteins being. He is the one throughout the story who is
always causing trouble that the protagonist has to try to fix and resolve.
Satire: Satire is used to ridicule society all throughout Frankenstein. It shows that society is
asphyxiated on looks rather than on the important aspects of someones personality.