MohrCircleforstress

In2Dspace(e.g.,onthe12,13,or23
plane),thenormalstress(n)andtheshear
stress(s),couldbegivenbyequations(1)
and(2)inthenextslides
Note:Theequationsaregivenhereinthe
12 plane,where1 isgreaterthan2.
Ifweweredealingwiththe23plane,then
thetwoprincipalstresseswouldbe2and3

NormalStress

Thenormalstress,n

n=(1+2)/2+(12)/2cos2
Inparametricformtheequationbecomes:

n=c+rcos
Where
c =(1+2)/2isthe center,whichliesonthe
normalstressaxis(xaxis)
r=(12)/2 istheradius

=2

SignConventions
n iscompressivewhenitis+,i.e.,whenn>0
n istensilewhenitis-,i.e.,whenn<0

n=(1+2)/2+(12)/2cos2
NOTE:

istheanglefrom 1 to thenormal totheplane!

n =1 at
n =2 at

(amaximum)
(aminimum)

Thereisnoshearstressonthethreeprincipalplanes
(perpendiculartotheprincipalstresses)

ResolvedNormalandShearStress
normal to plane

ShearStress
Theshearstress

s =(12)/2sin2

Inparametricformtheequationbecomes:

s=rsin where =2
s>0+ shearstressrepresentsleftlateralshear
s<0 shearstressrepresentsrightlateralshear
s =(amin) at oror
s =12(amax)at
Themaximums is1/2thedifferentialstress
(diameter),i.e.,itisthelengthoftheradius!

ConstructionoftheMohrCirclein2D
Plotthenormalstress,n,vs.shearstress,s,ona
graphpaperusingarbitraryscale(e.g.,mmscale!)
Calculate:
Centerc=(1+2)/2
Radiusr=(12)/2
Note:Diameteristhedifferentialstress (12)
Thecircleintersectsthen (xaxis)atthetwo
principalstresses(1 and 2)

ConstructionoftheMohrCircle
Multiplythephysicalangleby2
Theangle2 isfromthec linetoanypointonthe
circle
+2 (CCW)anglesarereadabovethexaxis
2 (CW)anglesbelowthexaxis,from the1 axis
Thenand sofapointonthecirclerepresentthe
normalandshearstressesontheplanewiththe
given2angle
NOTE:TheaxesoftheMohrcirclehaveno
geographicsignificance!

MohrCircleforStress
.

Max s

MohrCirclein3D

Maximum&MinimumNormalStresses
Thenormalstress

n=(1+2)/2+(12)/2cos2
inphysicalspaceistheanglefrom1 tothenormal
totheplane
When then cos2and n=(1+2)/2+(12)/2
whichreducestoamaximumvalue:
n=(1+2+ 12)/2 n=21/2 n=1
When then cos2and n=(1+2)/2 (12)/2
whichreducestoaminimum
n=(1+2 1+2)/2 n=2/2 n=

SpecialStatesofStress UniaxialStress
UniaxialStress (compressionortension)
Oneprincipalstress(1 or3)isnonzero,andthe
othertwoareequaltozero
Uniaxialcompression
Compressivestressinonedirection:1 >2=3 =0
|a 0
0|
|0 0
0|
|0 0
0|
TheMohrcircleistangenttotheordinateatthe
origin(i.e.,2=3=0)onthe+(compressive)side

SpecialStatesofStress

UniaxialTension
Tensioninonedirection:
1 =2 >3
|0
|0
|0

0 0|
0 0|
0-a|

TheMohrcircleistangenttotheordinateat
theoriginonthe (i.e.,tensile)side

SpecialStatesofStress AxialStress
Axial(confined)compression:1 >2=3>0
|a 0
0|
|0 b
0|
|0 0
b|
Axialextension(extension):1 =2 >3>0
|a 0
0|
|0 a
0|
|0 0
b|
TheMohrcircleforbothofthesecasesaretothe
rightoftheorigin(nontangent)

SpecialStatesofStress BiaxialStress
BiaxialStress:
Twooftheprincipalstressesarenonzeroandtheotheris
zero
PureShear:
1 =3 andisnonzero(equalinmagnitudebutoppositein
sign)
2 =0 (i.e.,itisabiaxialstate)
Thenormalstressonplanesofmaximumsheariszero
(pureshear!)
|a
0
0 |
|0
0
0 |
|0
0
-a|
TheMohrcircleissymmetricw.r.t.theordinate(centerisat
theorigin)

SpecialStatesofStress

SpecialStatesofStress TriaxialStress
TriaxialStress:
1,2, and 3 havenonzerovalues
1>2 > 3 andcanbetensileorcompressive
Isthemostgeneralstateinnature
|a 0
0 |
|0 b
0 |
|0 0
c |
TheMohrcirclehasthreedistinctcircles

TriaxialStress