Moding the Motion of Spring Consider a weight attached to a spring thats suspended fom a horizontal bar asllusrted inthe figure. When the object comes o rest we say tis at er “uiibium’” which is inbeled O on the vertical number line. Iy01 give the ‘weight a push, either up or down, it will 4 $art to move and the motion can be ‘modeled by sine and cosine functions. “ ‘The “sites” ofthe pring and the sass of the object affect how far the abject moves fom the eur Postion. The iia velocity and intial Poston also affect the motion ofthe Spring. (We dont always start atthe equilibrium position) ‘If we neglect any damping forces (air resistance et) then the motion ofthe ‘spring can be modeled by x)= Bsin(or) + x,c03(e0) & ae we ‘where (isthe position ofthe object long the numb linea time f. The other quantities are constants: o is aconstant that depends onthe stfnes ofthe spring and the mass ofthe weigh, 1s the initial velocity, and x, i the inital position ofthe object. ‘Model the motion of a weight on a spring: ‘Suppose a weight is set in motion from a position 3 centimeters below the equilibrium ‘position and with a downward velocity of 4 centimeters per second, (Please note thatthe ‘vertical number line used for position is “upside down”. This isa convention from physics and it means that positions below equilibrium actually correspond toa positive ‘value_) Assume that the spring stiffness and mass ofthe weight mean that @=2 for this system, Part 1) Write the function x(t) that gives the position of the weight asa function of time rn seconds. (Your function should consist ofa sine term and a cosine term.) xD asm (a4) +3005 (24)2) Graph the separate sine and cosine components of your function from (1) on the same set of axes. That is graph s, = “Asin(or) and x, = c0s(ot) on the set of exes below, (Stetch these graphs by hand and show two fl ecles) 3) Use a graphing calculator (or online graphing utility) to graph the entire function from part (1), Use the window settings indicated below. Sketch what you see on your calculator display. 4) Write an equation for your calculator graph in the form x() = Acos{B(¢—C)]. (Use the trace or maximum feature of your graphing utility to help you find values for A, B, ‘and C. I expect to see decimal approximations for these values.) X(t)+ 2.606 Cos (2(t- 0.944) ]5) How are the graphs fom pert 2) related tothe graph in part 3)? Are the values for Bred and amine sme or ite? Why outa oe se rev 31S Leombmatin ofthe two tuned Quen Marah 2 Me auuplitude values are anfecent becausre Mm essence gragh Bia compositeof TUL PLnOWs 2 -functrmy, su the combmed tans mots m the 2 functes msuctmn a nu amplitude Wien jovedas one functn. Part It: ‘© Prove that the following isan identity (A isa positive constant by filling in the blanks Asin sin(at) + Acos$ cos(ex) = Acos(ax 9) Asin g sin{ ot) + Acos $cox(ar) [= AfSm@ sin(u0 + cose COTO] Factor owt A OS OLOS(WwH)+ Sing sinlol]) sgaman PY T [c0s(ax) cos ¢ + sin(wr)sing] | ConmuninsPomy of ~Aeow(ar=¢) ieee yr © [ence owen = [aa |sin(or) +[Acosg]eos(ar) in terms of a cosine function: Acos(ax~9). Use the following definitions and your result from part I: re 7g W800 Rasnieder S & ). i Pease vote tha s G48 WAP possibiy he os : ragarive tude of the cosine function and ¢, “phi is called the phase angle and is ‘measured in radians,Qu ‘Example: Write 4sin3¢+2c0s3¢ in terms ofa cosine function 8 (ase Asindt + Leosdte| KS cos (st a) Wilt Aca __-_ -- yep eee x # aS cost -0.99) Baron) esa 4 Radin wad Y 7) Rewrite your faction from part 1) in ems ofa osin funtion: Acos(at—). Stow youwork Y(t) = asin(at)+ 300 (at) S|, tang-F + attanF = 0508 y 5 asin (2t)+ 3¢05 (24) = 113 CoS (at- 0.568) 2173 06 (a(t-0.094)] = 3.bob CoS [alt-o0.294)] 8) Cony ou finns om pet ep 7, Wat do odie? Wits one Jay are jue same! THiS was A usefil aghicaton of o gmplig, Celcadater A wcerdtng— 9 e lwwit auctemati aly ambi a tunctwS ito 4 10 qagh al an syle functm > a cK. ware.