PROCESS SIMULATION

OF UREA

Project Guide
Dr. S. NIGAM

BY :
13 -ADITYA DESHMUKH
16 -SANKET DIVE
22 -GAJANAN HANGE
23 -PAWAN JAMADAR

RELEVENT PROPERTIS OF UREA

Molecular Formula
Molecular Weight
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Specific Gravity
Solubility
Water

- NH2CONH2
- 60
-Decomposes
-1320 c
-1.335
-Fairly Soluble in

CONSUPTION PATTERN

Urea mostly used in solid fertilizer(53%)

and liquid fertilizer(31%) as well.
It has also found applications in animal
feed, formaldehyde resigns, and
adhesives.
Urea is the nitrogen compound with the
largest production volume in the world.
Urea being preferred nitrogen fertilizer
worldwide, its utilization is increasing
steadily

PRODUCTION METHOD
Ammonium carbamate decomposition
method
Ammonia and CO2 are compressed and reacted
at 100-200 atms and 170-190 C in an autoclave
to form ammonium carbamate (NH4COONH2).
Urea is formed by dehydration in a low pressure
stripping operation. Process modification occur
in recycle of un-reacted NH3-CO2and
percentage excess in reactants.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Although there are several processes currently used for the
manufacture of urea, the underlying principle for all the
processes is same. The two main reactions involved are:

1) CO2 + 2NH3
NH2COONH4
H= -37.4
Kcal/gm mol

2) NH2COONH4
NH2CONH2 + H2O
H= + 6.3
Kcal/gm mol

Undesirable side reaction taking place is:

3) 2NH2CONH2
NH2CONHCONH2 + NH3
(Biuret)

FLOW SHEET IN ASPEN

PLUS

THE VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE AUTOCLAVE

REACTIONS ARE
Temperature : The conversion of ammonium carbamate to
urea gradually increases as the temperature increases. However,
after a particular temperature, depending upon the pressure, the
conversion suddenly drops with further increase in temperature .
Pressure: The main reaction is sufficiently slow at atmospheric
pressure. However, it starts almost instantaneously at pressure
of the order of 100 atm and temperature of 150 oC. There is
reduction in volume in the overall reaction and so high pressure
favors the forward reaction.
Concentration: Higher the concentration of the reactants,
higher will be the forward reaction according to the law of mass
action.
Residence Time: Since, urea reaction is slow and takes about
20 mins to attain equilibrium, sufficient time is to be provided to
get higher conversion