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What is it?
Causes are:
Explanations of WHY things happen
Effects are:
Explanations of what happens as a
RESULT of an action or event
Cause - Effect
Cause - Effect
Cause/Effect
The concept of cause and effect
which is also known as causality is
the relationship between two events:
one which is the cause and other
which is the effect of the previous
event.
As per Aristotle's classification,
causality is of two types: accidental
causality and essential causality.
Causal Relation:
Necessary Cause - one that must be
present for the effect to occur.
Ex. Combustion is necessary to drive a
gasoline engine.
Sufficient Cause - one that can produce an
effect unaided, though there may be more
than one sufficient cause of a given
effect.
Ex. A dead battery is enough to keep a car
from starting--but faulty spark plugs or
an empty gas tank will have the same
effect.
as a result
Degrees of
Certainty
certainly
Levels of
Importance
above all
because
may
equally important
consequently
necessarily
finally
due to
perhaps
first
if....then
possibly
initially
leads to
probably
last
therefore
undoubtedly
primarily
thus
unquestionably
second
Open window (A) and fly kite (B). String (C) lifts small door (D) allowing moths (E) to
escape and eat red flannel shirt (F). As weight of shirt becomes less, shoe (G) steps on
switch (H) which heats electric iron (I) and burns hole in pants (J). Smoke (K) enters hole
in tree (L), smoking out opossum (M) which jumps into basket (N), pulling rope (O) and
lifting cage (P), allowing woodpecker (Q) to chew wood from pencil (R), exposing lead.
Emergency knife (S) is always handy in case opossum or the woodpecker gets sick and
can't work.
QUIZ
Again?
2. Hartford was once known as an