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January 1933
The depression after the
Wall Street Crash made
many more people vote
for the Nazis. In 1933
Von Papen convinced
Hindenburg that Hitler
should become
Chancellor.
Ironically, the
government agreed as
they thought Hitler
posed no real threat and
could be easily
manipulated.
e
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H Ch
The death of
President Hindenburg
August 1934
PRESIDENT HINDENBURGS
DEATH GAVE HITLER THE
OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE
THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR
AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED
HIMSELF DER FUHRER.
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f
i
o
H
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t
l
Oa Ado
to
So..
HITLER
BECAME
CHANCELLOR
THE
REICHSTAG
FIRE
THE
ENABLING
ACT
Der Fuhrer
OATH OF
LOYALTY
TO
HITLER
DEATH OF
PRESIDENT
HINDENBURG
THE NIGHT
OF THE
LONG
KNIVES
Understandings of
Fascism
Political Ideas Economic Ideas Social Ideas
Cult of the
leader and the
elite rule
Extreme
nationalism
(ultranationalism
)
Organized
violence and war
and military
force
It is in the
country's
national interest
to expand its
A governmentdirected private
enterprise
economy to
serve the needs
and interests of
the state
Anti-union/ antiworkers rights
Inequalities
between
individuals and
groups of people
Racial purity
Racial or
national
superiority
National
strength more
important than
individual rights
Extreme Nationalism
Anti Racism
Liberalism
- Big
Establishment
of central European
empire
Business-State-Military
Partnerships
Anti-parliamentarianism
-Superiority
of the Aryan
Race
Unify
German
speaking
lands
Collectivism
- Wealthy
industrialists
cooperated
withstate
state
-Individual
worth
in serving the
-Violent
Anti-Semitism
-militarism,
expansionism
- Every
citizen
together
for greater
good
of Germany
- The
stateworks
prevents
formation
of labour
unions
Eugenics
- ages 6-10
Hitler Youth
- age 14
Young Maidens
- 10-14
League of German
Maidens
- 14 onward
- 18 onward
VIEW:
Education for Death: The Education
of one of Hitlers Children
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASW3
UCc17AI
reparations altogether
Began secret rearmament
Germany began to build an air
force
Reoccupied the Rhineland, which
had remained a part of Germany
but was remilitarized under the
terms of the Versailles treaty
Annexation of Austria
Annexed Memel
( in Lithuania)
Read the
section Nazi Eugenics on pages 190-191 and compare
(For more restrictions placed on the Jewish population, see pg 189)
with the accounts under Lives of Aryan Germans
Anschluss
It occurred on March 12,
1938. It was the annexation
of Austria and Germany, in a
Nazi attempt to unify all
German speaking people &
regions. Austrias Austrofascist leadership was
internally overthrown by the
German supported National
Socialist Party, with no
violence. A plebiscite was
held a month later, in which
99% of people voted for the
Nazi Party.
Anschluss Continued
A referendum was called on March 9, 1938 when it was
realized that the Nazis appointed were trying to take
over the government , and Schuschnigg tried to
inflame patriotism in Austria. The German military
invaded before any results could be determined
World Shock
b)
Arch enemies
Secret Terms
b)
c)
Chamberlain (Britain)
Deladier (France)
Mussolini (Italy)
Hitler (Germany)
March, 1939
Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was signed on September 30, 1938
It was an attempt to avoid another full-scale war
British Prime Minister Chamberlain met with Hitler on
September 15 and 16, where it was agreed that Germany would
not make any military advances on Czechoslovakia. A plebiscite
was held in the Sudetenland and all areas that were more than
50% German were annexed by Germany
Britain and France had promised to protect Czech sovereignty
after WWI, yet the decision was made without a representative
from Czechoslovakia present.
The people of France and Britain did not want another war, and
were anxious to avoid confrontation
The signing of the agreement was celebrated in Britain; in
Czechoslovakia it was viewed as a betrayal.
Kristallnacht: AKA
"Night of Broken Glass"
On November 9, 1938 a
massive coordinated
attack on the Jews
occurred through the
German Reich. Mob
violence broke out as the
regular German police
stood by and crowds of
spectators watched. Nazi
storm troopers along
with members of the SS
beat and murdered Jews,
broke into and wrecked
their homes, as well as
torturing Jewish women
and children. 25,000
Jewish men were sent to
Warsaw Ghettos
The Holocaust
Liberation of Auschwitz
67% (6 million) of Jewish population in Europe
was annihilated. (90% in Poland/Germany)
The Holocaust
Group
Jews
Gypsies/Romas
Homosexuals
Communists/Socialists
Mentally/Disabled
Peoples
6 Million Jews
Approximately 12
million killed
total in the
Holocaust
Concentration Camps
Located across all areas
controlled by Germany
prior to and during WWII
Were built to torture the
people within and use
them as cheap labor
Housed political prisoners
and undesirables such
as Jews and outspoken
journalists
Camps became larger to
house more prisoners after
the start of WWII and
became more vicious
Deeper into the war the
prisoners began being
used as medical
Death Camps
Were built in WWII and
were used for the sole
purpose of executing all
prisoners who entered
Largest camp was
Auschwitz-Birkenau (this
camp was also used as a
work camp)
Largest camp meant for
the sole purpose of killing
was Chelmno
Prisoners were mainly
executed in gas chambers
(Zyklon B) and mass
shootings
ORGANIZATION
Political Parties
Opposition within the Nazi Party
outlawed
banned if they did not reflect Nazi ideals
The Arts
censored/forced out of business
Newspapers
The Church
Schools
German Youth