Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
SKILLS
effectively :
It is often our failure to communicate
communication skills:
0 Listening skill
0 Speaking skill
0 Reading skill
0 Writing skill
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Listening Skills
0 Listening is the ability to understand the
spoken words.
0 It involves understanding of a speech, accent
or pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and
also grasping the meaning.
0 45% persons involve in listening.
Listening Skill
0 Natural Skill:
Listening is a natural skill. For natural skills a
§ Formal
§ Informal
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Formal Writing;
§ Formal writing is less personal and more
objective than informal writing.
§ Formal writing is almost always targeted at
an audience that has existing knowledge on
a topic. Whether it is an academic paper or
a business report, the key is to know how
much existing knowledge those who are to
read the publication possess.
§ when writing in a formal style is to not use
contractions (e.g. 'don’t' or 'can’t'). Make
sure you fully expand your words, such as
‘do not’ or ‘cannot’.
§
Cont.….
§ Formal styles dictate that writing should most
often be done in the third person;
§ Business and academic writing – two main styles
of formal writing – may seem similar, there are
distinct differences.
§ One of the major divergences between these two
writing styles is that often academic writing
takes place to convey findings, results, and
conclusions to other academics. Most often, the
publication is an invitation to other academics
to critically analyze or debate the findings.
§ In business, however, writing is often straight to
the point: here are the facts and this is what we
need to do. It makes for a more ‘to the point’
style of writing.
Informal Writing;
§ In formal writing, it is important that you
steer clear of slang and colorful words that
you’d normally find in a creative writing
publication. These types of words, however,
are fine in an informal setting.
§ In informal writing, particularly online
content, it is acceptable – and sometimes
essential – to use short sentences.
§ In formal settings, complexity in writing is not
only fine but is often required.
Cont.…..
§ In formal writing, it is generally necessary to
remain objective and not be seen as
emotive.
§ Instead of using an active voice, formal
writing sometimes requires that the passive
voice be used. For example, don’t write ‘we
are concerned that’, instead write ‘there has
been concern that’.
§ It can be difficult to know what is right and
what is wrong when writing for different
audiences. This is particularly the case
when you are constantly writing for different
audiences that require different writing
styles.
Introduction of Reading
Skills
0 Reading skills enable readers to turn writing
into meaning and achieve the goal of
independent, comprehension and fluency.
0 Reading skills are specific abilities which
enable a reader to reveal the written form
as meaningful language.
0 To mentally intact with the message.
Styles Of Reading
0 There are two styles of reading which we use
in different situations.
1. Scanning
0 scanning is a technique you often use when
looking up a word in the telephone book or
dictionary. you search for key word or ideas.
In most cases, you know what you are
looking for, so you are concentrating on
finding a particular answer.
Cont.…
0 Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly
down the page seeking specific word or
phrases. once you have scanned the
document, you might go back and skim it.
2. Skimming
0 Skimming is used to quickly identify the main
ideas of a text. Skimming is done at a speed
three to four times faster than normal
reading.
0
Cont.…
0 People often skim when they have lots of
material to read in a limited amount of time.
Use skimming when you want to see if an
article may be of interest in your research.
0 Skimming works well to find dates, names,
and places. It might be used to review
graphs, tables, and charts.
THE SQ3R techniques
5 STEPS:
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0 SURVEY
0 QUESTION
0 READ
0 RECITE
0 REVIEW
THE SQ3R techniques
STEP 1 – SURVEY
Preview the article or chapter:
questions.
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THE SQ3R techniques
STEP4 – RECITE
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0 After completing a section of reading, look
away and see if you can recite the answers
to your questions.
0 This will help you see exactly what you know
and what you don’t know
0
THE SQ3R techniques
STEP 5 – REVIEW
0
0 After you complete all the sections, review
the entire selection.
0 See if you can recite the answers to your
questions
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